Self-inflicted lesions are examined from the perspective of psychoanalytic listening to fifteen adolescents who sought help at a walk-in clinic. Psychological suffering among contemporary adolescents often presents in the guise of this problem. Medicalization is critically assessed as the predominant response to such youths. Aided by psychoanalytic references, other modes of understanding the problem are explored, and Freudian theories of anxiety, pain, and symptom formation are deployed. Additionally, Lacanian theory is called upon to highlight the effects of the word and voice of the Other upon the adolescent subject. Two transgender youths presenting with histories of self-aggression lead to specific reflections on the issue.

Se investigan las autolesiones a partir de la escucha psicoanalítica de 15 jóvenes que fueron acudidos en ambulatorio público. El sufrimiento psíquico en la adolescencia contemporánea se presenta cada vez con mayor frecuencia en forma de este tipo de problemas. La medicalización, que ha sido una respuesta dominante para estos jóvenes, es evaluada críticamente. Con la ayuda del marco psicoanalítico, se exploran otras maneras de comprensión del problema, utilizando las teorías freudianas sobre la angustia, el dolor y la formación de síntomas. Con los aportes lacanianos, también se destacan los efectos de la palabra y la voz del Otro en el sujeto adolescente. Dos jóvenes transgénero que tenían un historial de autolesiones llevaron a reflexiones específicas sobre el tema.

Les automutilations sont étudiées à partir de l’écoute psychanalytique de 15 adolescents arrivés en centre ambulatoire. La souffrance psychique de l’adolescence contemporaine se manifeste de plus en plus fréquemment sous cette forme. La médicalisation, qui a été la solution majoritairement adoptée pour ces jeunes, est considérée sous un jour critique. Sont explorées, à l’aide du référentiel psychanalytique, d’autres formes de compréhension de cette problématique, grâce aux théories freudiennes sur l’angoisse, la douleur et la formation des symptômes. Faisant usage des apports lacaniens, sont également mis en relief les effets de la parole et de la voix de l’Autre sur le sujet adolescent. Deux jeunes transgenres présentant un historique d’automutilations ont conduit à des réflexions spécifiques sur le sujet.

As lesões autoprovocadas são investigadas a partir da escuta psicanalítica de 15 adolescentes que chegaram a um ambulatório público. O sofrimento psíquico na adolescência contemporânea apresenta-se com crescente frequência sob a forma desse tipo de problema. A medicalização, que tem sido uma resposta dominante para esses jovens, é avaliada criticamente. Explora-se, com a ajuda do referencial psicanalítico, outros tipos de entendimento da questão, recorrendo-se às teorias freudianas sobre angústia, dor e formação de sintomas. Usando os aportes lacanianos, são destacados, também, os efeitos da palavra e da voz do Outro sobre o sujeito adolescente. Dois jovens transgêneros que apresentavam histórico de autoagressão conduziram a reflexões específicas sobre o tema.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of two antioxidants (sodium ascorbate [SA] and alpha-tocopherol [AT]) on the adhesive interface and dentin bond strength immediately after bleaching with 38 % hydrogen peroxide (38HP) in endodontically-treated teeth. Two stages of experimentation were carried out. Bovine incisors were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group for each experiment): NB, non-bleached restored crowns; 38HP, bleached and immediately restored crowns; 38HP-SA, bleached crowns and SA use; and 38HP-AT, bleached crowns and AT use. Hybrid layer length in dentin (μm) and bond strength (MPa) were assessed with confocal microscopy laser and micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) test, respectively. Failure mode was determined by stereomicroscope. Data analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Tukey, and Fisher-exact tests (a = 0.05). Higher values of hybrid layer length were observed similarly in the NB and 38HP-SA groups. The highest μSBS mean values were observed in the NB group (18 .51 ? 1.33), whereas the SBS values for 38HP-AT (1.68 ? 0.32) were similar to the 38HP group (1.61 ? 0.51) (p > 0.05) and significantly lower than the 38HP-SA group (5.78 ? 0.71). Adhesive failures were predominant in the 38HP and 38HP-AT groups. Cohesive and mixed failures were mostly observed in the NB and 38HP-SA groups, respectively. In conclusion, AT has no immediate effect on the hybrid layer formation and μSBS of dentin. Although SA promotes an increase in hybrid layer formation, it was not reflected in the μSBS values.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue evaluar los efectos de dos antioxidantes (ascorbato de sodio [AS] y alfa-tocoferol [AT]) sobre la interfaz adhesiva y la fuerza de unión de la dentina inmediatamente después del blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno al 38 % (38HP) en endodoncia. -Dientes tratados. Se llevaron a cabo dos etapas de experimentación. Los incisivos bovinos se dividieron en cuatro grupos (n = 10 / grupo para cada experimento): NB, coronas restauradas no blanqueadas; 38HP, coronas blanqueadas y restauradas inmediatamente; 38HP- AS, coronas blanqueadas y uso SA; y 38HP-AT, coronas blanqueadas y uso de AT. La longitud de la capa híbrida en dentina (μm) y la fuerza de unión (MPa) se evaluaron con láser de microscopía confocal y la prueba de fuerza de unión por micro-cizallamiento (μSBS), respectivamente. El modo de falla se determinó mediante estereomicroscopio. El análisis de los datos se realizó con análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Tukey y Fisher (α = 0,05). De manera similar, se observaron valores más altos de longitud de capa híbrida en los grupos NB y 38HP-AS. Los valores medios más altos de μSBS se observaron en el grupo NB (18,51 ? 1,33), mientras que los valores de SBS para 38HP-AT (1,68 ? 0,32) fueron similares a los del grupo 38HP (1,61 ? 0,51) (p> 0,05) y significativamente más bajos que el grupo 38HP-AS (5,78 ? 0,71). Las fallas adhesivas fueron predominantes en los grupos de 38HP y 38HP-AT. Las fallas cohesivas y mixtas se observaron principalmente en los grupos NB y 38HP-AS, respectivamente. En conclusión, la AT no tiene un efecto inmediato sobre la formación de la capa híbrida y el μSBS de dentina. Aunque AS promueve un aumento en la formación de capas híbridas, no se refleja en los valores de μSBS.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar os achados tomográficos de lesões escavadas pulmonares múltiplas que contribuem para a diferenciação entre etiologia benigna e maligna. Métodos: Foram revisados exames de TC, sendo incluídos pacientes com duas ou mais lesões pulmonares escavadas. Avaliaram-se a quantidade de lesões escavadas, sua localização, espessura parietal das lesões e achados adicionais, correlacionando as variáveis com a presença de diagnóstico de benignidade ou de malignidade. Resultados: Foram revisadas TCs de tórax de 102 pacientes, sendo 58 (56,9%) desses do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 50,5 ± 18,0 anos. Lesões benignas e malignas foram diagnosticadas em 74 pacientes (72,6%) e em 28 (27,4%), respectivamente. Quanto aos achados tomográficos, a média do número de cavidades foi 3, a da espessura média da parede da maior lesão foi de 6,0 mm, e a do diâmetro da maior lesão foi de 27,0 mm. Houve predomínio das lesões em lobos superiores, especialmente no direito (43,1%). Após a comparação das variáveis estudadas, a espessura parietal da maior escavação, assim como a presença de linfonodomegalia, enfisema, consolidação, bronquiectasias e obstrução brônquica, não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o diagnóstico de malignidade. A presença de nódulos centrolobulares correlacionou-se significativamente com a ausência de doença maligna (p < 0,05). Observou-se também que um número maior de cavidades se correlacionou significativamente com malignidade (p < 0,026). Conclusões: Um maior número de lesões pulmonares escavadas e a ausência de nódulos centrolobulares podem ser características relacionadas à etiologia maligna. Por outro lado, a espessura parietal não permitiu a diferenciação entre etiologia benigna e maligna das lesões em nossa amostra.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the CT findings of multiple cavitary lung lesions that allow the differentiation between benign and malignant etiologies. Methods: We reviewed CT scans, including patients with two or more cavitary lung lesions. We evaluated the number of cavitary lesions, their location, cavity wall thickness, and additional findings, correlating the variables with the diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion. Results: We reviewed the chest CT scans of 102 patients, 58 (56.9%) of whom were male. The average age was 50.5 ± 18.0 years. Benign and malignant lesions were diagnosed in 74 (72.6%) and 28 (27.4%) of the patients, respectively. On the CT scans, the mean number of cavities was 3, the mean wall thickness of the largest lesions was 6.0 mm, and the mean diameter of the largest lesions was 27.0 mm. The lesions were predominantly in the upper lobes, especially on the right (in 43.1%). In our comparison of the variables studied, a diagnosis of malignancy was not found to correlate significantly with the wall thickness of the largest cavity, lymph node enlargement, emphysema, consolidation, bronchiectasis, or bronchial obstruction. The presence of centrilobular nodules correlated significantly with the absence of malignant disease (p < 0.05). In contrast, a greater number of cavities correlated significantly with malignancy (p < 0.026). Conclusions: A larger number of cavitary lung lesions and the absence of centrilobular nodules may be characteristic of a malignant etiology. However, on the basis of our evaluation of the lesions in our sample, we cannot state that wall thickness is a good indicator of a benign or malignant etiology.

RESUMO: A introdução de cultivares resistentes ao dicamba e 2,4-D aumentará o uso destes herbicidas para o manejo de ervas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas, aumentando o risco de deriva em culturas não-alvo. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a fitotoxicidade, crescimento, produtividade, germinação e vigor de sementes de soja exposta deriva simulada de 2,4-D e dicamba nos estágios vegetativo e reprodutivo da soja. O experimento foi conduzido a campo na safra 2016/17. Para simular a deriva, 2,4-D foi aplicado nas doses de 0; 5,16; 10,4; 20,8 e 41,5g e.a. ha-1 e dicamba nas doses de 0; 3,7; 7,4; 14,9 e 29,8g e.a. ha-1. A fitotoxicidade de dicamba é maior que 2,4-D, sendo o estágio V5 mais suscetível para ambos herbicidas. As maiores reduções na produtividade da soja sucedem a deriva de dicamba em R2 e 2,4-D em V5. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja é reduzida em função da deriva de dicamba e 2,4-D em aplicação nos ambos estágios V5 e R2 da soja. A soja é altamente sensível a baixas concentrações de 2,4-D e dicamba nos estágios vegetativo e reprodutivo. O dicamba causa maiores efeitos negativos comparado com 2,4-D. Baixas concentrações de 2,4-D e dicamba reduzem germinação e vigor de sementes de soja.

ABSTRACT: The introduction of dicamba and 2,4-D-resistant soybean will increase the use of auxin herbicides for management of herbicide-resistant weeds, increasing risk of drift in non-target crops. The field experiment was conducted in 2016/17 to evaluate injury, growth, yield, germination and seeds vigor of soybean effects to simulated drift of 2,4-D and dicamba applied to soybean at the V3 and R2 growth stages. To simulate drift, 2,4-D was applied at 0; 5.16; 10.4; 20.8 e 41.5g ae ha-1 and dicamba at: 0; 3.7; 7.4; 14.9 e 29.8g ae ha-1. The injury of the dicamba is greater than 2,4-D, and the V5 stage is more susceptible to both herbicides. The greatest reductions in soybean yield follow the drift of dicamba in R2 and 2,4-D in V5. The physiological quality seeds of the soybean is reduced by dicamba and 2,4-D drift at both the V5 and R2 stages of the soybean. Soybean is highly sensitive to low rates of 2,4-D and dicamba at the vegetative or reproductive growth stages. Dicamba causes greater negative effects than 2,4-D on soybean. The low rate of 2,4-D and dicamba reduce germination and vigor seed on soybean offspring.

ABSTRACT: The work is a study of conservation on linearization techniques of time-marching schemes for the unstructured finite volume Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation. The solver used in this work calculates the numerical flux applying an upwind discretization based on the flux vector splitting scheme. This numerical treatment results in a very large sparse linear system. The direct solution of this full implicit linear system is very expensive and, in most cases, impractical. There are several numerical approaches which are commonly used by the scientific community to treat sparse linear systems, and the point-implicit integration was selected in the present case. However, numerical approaches to solve implicit linear systems can be non-conservative in time, even for formulations which are conservative by construction, as the finite volume techniques. Moreover, there are physical problems which strongly demand conservative schemes in order to achieve the correct numerical solution. The work presents results of numerical simulations to evaluate the conservation of implicit and explicit time-marching methods and discusses numerical requirements that can help avoiding such non-conservation issues.

Maximizar a eficiência dos sistemas de produção existentes, reduzindo a entrada de insumos externos e dos custos de produção é a lógica da agropecuária moderna. Baseado nisso, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência das adubações orgânica e mineral no desenvolvimento e produção de massa seca (MS) do consórcio de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.) com azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, com os seguintes tratamentos: sem adubação; adubação mineral; adubação organomineral (50% mineral e 50% orgânica) e adubação orgânica. O experimento foi instalado em 15 de maio e conduzido até 28 de setembro de 2010. Foram realizadas três avaliações nesse período, por meio de cortes, para estimar a produção de MS e, semanalmente, verificaram-se o número de folhas, de afilhos e o comprimento da parte aérea das plantas de cada espécie. O efeito dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis número de afilhos, número de folhas e comprimento da parte aérea apresentou significância apenas nas primeiras avaliações. A produção de MS da cultura da aveia preta foi maior no primeiro corte, decaindo posteriormente, em função do ciclo precoce da espécie. O azevém teve elevada produção somente no último período, em função da característica de seu ciclo. Somando-se a MS obtida nos três períodos, concluiu-se que o dejeto de produção leiteira proporciona produção semelhante à favorecida pela adubação mineral. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para as características morfogênicas avaliadas, diferindo da testemunha.

Maximizing the efficiency of existing production systems and reducing the intake of external inputs and production costs is the principle of modern farming and livestock production. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic and mineral fertilization on dry mass (DM) development and production of the consortium of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications, with the following treatments: without fertilization, mineral fertilization only, organic and mineral fertilization (50% mineral and 50% organic) and organic fertilization only. The experiment was conducted from May 15 to September 28, 2010. Three evaluations were performed in this period, using cuttings to estimate the DM production and recording the number of leaves, tillers and length of aerial part of plants of each species weekly. The effect of the treatments on the number of tillers, number of leaves and length of aerial part was significant only in the first evaluation. DM of black oat was higher in the first cutting and declined thereafter, due to its early cycle. Ryegrass obtained high production only in the last period, because of characteristics of its cycle. The total DM obtained in the three periods indicated that the dairy manure provides production similar to mineral fertilization. The same performance was obtained for the morphogenic characteristics evaluated, which differed from the control.

ABSTRACT: The present work is primarily concerned with studying the effects of artificial dissipation and of certain diffusive terms in the turbulence model formulation on the capability of representing turbulent boundary layer flows. The flows of interest in the present case are assumed to be adequately represented by the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and the Spalart-Allmaras eddy viscosity model is used for turbulence closure. The equations are discretized in the context of a general purpose, density-based, unstructured grid finite volume method. Spatial discretization is based on the Steger-Warming flux vector splitting scheme and temporal discretization uses a backward Euler point-implicit integration. The work discusses in detail the theoretical and numerical formulations of the selected model. The computational studies consider the turbulent flow over a flat plate at 0.3 freestream Mach number. The paper demonstrates that the excessive artificial dissipation automatically generated by the original spatial discretization scheme can deteriorate boundary layer predictions. Moreover, the results also show that the inclusion of Spalart-Allmaras model cross-diffusion terms is primarily important in the viscous sublayer region of the boundary layer. Finally, the paper also demonstrates how the spatial discretization scheme can be selectively modified to correctly control the artificial dissipation such that the flow simulation tool remains robust for high-speed applications at the same time that it can accurately compute turbulent boundary layers.

Abstract: Aerodynamic flow simulations over a typical sounding rocket are presented in this paper. The work is inserted in the effort of developing computational tools necessary to simulate aerodynamic flows over configurations of interest for Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço of Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial. Sounding rocket configurations usually require fairly large fins and, quite frequently, have more than one set of fins. In order to be able to handle such configurations, the present paper presents a novel methodology which combines both Chimera and patched multiblock grids in the discretization of the computational domain. The flows of interest are modeled using the 3-D Euler equations and the work describes the details of discretization procedure, which uses a finite difference approach for structure, body-conforming, multiblock grids. The method is used to calculate the aerodynamics of a sounding rocket vehicle. The results indicate that the present approach can be a powerful aerodynamic analysis and design tool.

The present work implements the spectral finite volume scheme in a cell centered finite volume context for unstructured meshes. The 2-D Euler equations are considered to represent the flows of interest. The spatial discretization scheme is developed to achieve high resolution and computational efficiency for flow problems governed by hyperbolic conservation laws, including flow discontinuities. Such discontinuities are mainly shock waves in the aerodynamic studies of interest in the present paper. The entire reconstruction process is described in detail for the 2nd to 4th order schemes. Roe's flux difference splitting method is used as the numerical Riemann solver. Several applications are performed in order to assess the method capability compared to data available in the literature. The results obtained with the present method are also compared to those of essentially nonoscillatory and weighted essentially non-oscillatory high-order schemes. There is a good agreement with the comparison data and efficiency improvements have been observed.

Na sucessão de gramíneas aveia preta/milho pode haver imobilização do nitrogênio, especialmente no início do ciclo do milho, requerendo estudos de fracionamento da adubação. Com o objetivo de avaliar formas de parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada para o milho em sucessão à aveia preta, foram conduzidos quatro experimentos em áreas de lavouras sob plantio direto nos municípios de Itaara, Santo Ângelo, Júlio de Castilhos e Tupanciretã no Rio Grande do Sul, durante os anos agrícolas 1996/97 a 1998/99. As aplicações de N para o milho foram realizadas em três épocas: a) pré-semeadura (após o manejo da aveia preta), b) semeadura e c) cobertura. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação em pré-semeadura do milho de parte ou todo o nitrogênio que seria aplicado em cobertura não conferiu produtividade de grãos diferente da aplicação na semeadura e cobertura mas a ocorrência de precipitações pluviométricas acima da normal pode causar diminuição na produtividade de grãos. Por isso, a aplicação de nitrogênio na semeadura e em cobertura no milho é preferencial.

The studies of fertilization splitting are necessary specially for the grass succession black oat-corn where N immobilization is very common. Four experiments were carried out in commercial farms under no-tillage, in four counties - Itaara, Santo Ângelo, Júlio de Castilhos and Tupanciretã, all of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the splitting of N application in a corn/black oat crop rotation, during the 97/98 and 98/99 cropping seasons. The N was applied at three times -- pre-planted, starter and sidedressed. The pre-planted applied N for corn, corresponding to total or partial rates that would be sidedressed presented similar results in relation to the sidedress application, however, years of above average rainfall presented N deficiency for corn, reducing yield, which indicates that N application as starter or sidedress is recommended.