ABSTRACT: The novel Coronavirus (CoVid-19) outbreak is now consider a world pandemic, affecting more than 1,300,000 people worldwide. Cancer patients are in risk for severe disease, including a higher risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for invasive ventilation or death. Management of patients with lymphoid malignancies can be challenging during the outbreak, due to need of multiple hospital visits and admissions, immunosuppression and need for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation. In this article, we will focus on the practical management of patients with lymphoid malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on minimizing the risk for patients.

ABSTRACT Background: Cyclophosphamide plus thalidomide as induction for multiple myeloma patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation may be a limiting factor for cell mobilization. The minimum acceptable mobilized peripheral blood stem cell count to prevent deleterious effects during transplantation is 2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Combining other treatments to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, such as cyclophosphamide, could overcome the mobilization limitation. The objective of this study was to assess the number of CD34+ cells mobilized using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor with and without cyclophosphamide after induction with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of a cohort of multiple myeloma patients submitted to autologous stem cell transplantations at two Brazilian centers between May 2009 and July 2013. The oral cyclophosphamide and thalidomide induction doses used were 1500 mg/month and 100-200 mg/day, respectively. Mobilization doses were 10-15 mcg/kg granulocyte-colony stimulating factor with 2-4 g/m2 cyclophosphamide, or 15-20 mcg/kg granulocyte-colony stimulating factor alone for 5 days. Collection of >2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg was considered sufficient. Results: Eighty-eight patients were analyzed; only 18 received cyclophosphamide. The median age was 58 years old (range: 51-62) for the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor group and 56.5 years old (range: 54-60) for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor plus cyclophosphamide group. Fifty-two patients were male. Eighty cases (90.9%) were Durie-Salmon Staging System III-A/B and 38 (44.7%) and 20 cases (23.5%) were International Staging System 2 and 3, respectively. The group that received cyclophosphamide collected a higher median number of progenitor cells [3.8 (range: 3.1-4.4) vs. 3.2 (range: 2.3-3.8)] (p-value = 0.008). No correlation was observed between better responses or number of induction cycles and the number of cells collected. Conclusion: The number of cells mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor plus cyclophosphamide was higher. However, in both groups, the median number of CD34+ cells was sufficient to perform a single autologous stem cell transplantation; no deleterious effects were reported during harvesting.

We report here on a rare case of BCR-ABL1-negative atypical chronic myeloid leukemia with a t(9;22)(p24;q11.2)translocation and a BCR-JAK2 fusion gene, with resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib.At two years of follow-up, the patient showed no hematologic response and was submitted to an allogeneic bonemarrow transplantation. Fifty-three days after the procedure, he died due to acute graft-versus-host disease. This BCR-JAK2 fusion gene has so far been found in only five patients in the whole world, with three clinical presentations: myeloproliferative neoplasm, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the results of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia treatment with fludarabine by assessing the complete hematologic response, the complete molecular response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. METHODS: We evaluated the records of six patients with T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia who were treated with fludarabine as a first-, second-, or third-line therapy, at a dose of 40 mg/m², for three to five days per month and 6 to 8 cycles. RESULTS: Of the six patients investigated with T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia who were treated with fludarabine, five (83.3%) were female, and their median age was 36.5 years (range 18 to 73). The median lymphocyte level was 3.4x10(9)/L (0.5 to 8.9). All patients exhibited a monoclonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement at diagnosis. Two (33.3%) patients received fludarabine as first-line treatment, two (33.3%) for refractory disease, one (16.6%) for relapsed disease after the suspension of methotrexate treatment dueto liver toxicity, and one (16.6%) due to dyspesia. A complete hematologic response was achieved in all cases, and a complete molecular response was achieved in five out six cases (83.3%). During a mean follow-up period of 12 months, both the progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 100%. CONCLUSION: T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia demonstrated a high rate of complete hematologic and molecular response to fludarabine, with excellent compliance and tolerability rates. To confirm our results in this rare disease, we believe that fludarabine should be tested in clinical trials as a first-line treatment for T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia.

A case of a follicular lymphoma transformed into a CD20+ is described which progressed with the loss of CD20 expression after 8 cycles of R-CHOP. This phenomenon is not a rare event and has shown poor prognosis. Our purposes are to describe this event and suggest biopsy in relapsed or progressive disease.

A neutropenia febril (NF) é uma complicação frequente e potencialmente fatal nos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico. Entendemos hoje que a neutropenia febril é considerada uma emergência clínica e que a administração de antibióticos de amplo espectro diminui drasticamente a mortalidade. Estudos sugerem que a neutropenia febril compreende um grupo extremamente heterogêneo e que dados clínicos como febre domiciliar, ausência de hipotensão, ausência de desidratação, ausência de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, ausência de outros sintomas, ausência de infecção fúngica prévia e idade < 60 anos são fatores de proteção para complicações clínicas graves segundo o estudo da Multinational Association for Supportive Care of Cancer (MASCC). Estes dados permitem maior segurança para o tratamento ambulatorial e alta precoce, uma vez que estudos fármaco-econômicos demonstram importante redução de custos no tratamento ambulatorial da neutropenia febril. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir instrumentos de segurança da triagem de um paciente neutropênico febril (principalmente pela utilização do índice MASCC), como também demonstrar as formas descritas na literatura do tratamento ambulatorial e seus resultados.

Febrile neutropenia is a frequent and potentially fatal adverse event of chemotherapy. Nowadays, febrile neutropenia is considered an emergency and it is known that prompt infusion of antibiotics decreases mortality. Several studies demonstrated that febrile neutropenia is a heterogeneous group of diseases and that factors such as outpatient status, no hypotension, no dehydration, no chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no symptoms, no previous fungal infection and age < 60 years are protective factors against serious complications as demonstrated by the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC). These data show that outpatient treatment and early discharge is safer and much research has shown lower costs for outpatient treatment in low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia. The aim of this work is to review and discuss tools (in particular the MASCC index) for safe screening of febrile neutropenia for outpatient treatment in addition to demonstrate results of research.

Estudo retrospectivo que visa analisar a utilidade da biópsia de medula óssea (BMO) bilateral na infiltração de medula óssea (MO) por linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB). Nossos objetivos foram avaliar a incidência de infiltração unilateral de MO por LDGCB e comparar o comprimento dos fragmentos obtidos entre as amostras positivas e negativas para infiltração. Além disso, verificamos se houve diferença entre os casos com infiltração unilateral versus bilateral, correlacionando com desidrogenase láctica (DHL) e estadiamento tomográfico. Avaliamos 268 casos de LDGCB e observamos infiltração medular em 34 casos (13%). Não foi possível a avaliação de seis casos, restando 28 casos para análise. Foram revisados no total 70 fragmentos de MO sobre presença ou ausência de infiltração e comprimento. A média do número de fragmentos por casos foi 2,5; a média do comprimento dos fragmentos foi 11,01 mm (± 5,12 mm), e a média do comprimento dos fragmentos por caso foi 27,53 mm. Foi observado que em seis casos (21,4%) havia infiltração unilateral. Não foram evidenciadas diferenças nas médias do comprimento dos fragmentos em relação à presença versus ausência de infiltração 10,95 mm (± 5,1 mm) versus 11,57 mm (± 5,2 mm), p > 0,05, respectivamente. Não foram evidenciadas diferenças em 23 casos entre a comparação da infiltração medular unilateral versus bilateral com DHL e estadiamento tomográfico. Concluímos que a BMO bilateral foi superior à unilateral, pois pode aumentar a detecção de infiltração de MO em 21,4% dos casos.

This retrospective study aims to analyze the usefulness of bilateral bone marrow biopsy in bone marrow infiltration by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Our objectives were to assess the incidence of unilateral BM involvement by DLBCL and compare fragment length obtained from positive and negative samples for infiltration. Furthermore, we compared the differences between unilateral and bilateral infiltration correlating with lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and computerized tomography (CT) staging. We evaluated 268 cases of DLBCL and observed medullary infiltration in 34 cases (13%). It was not possible to evaluate 6 out of 34 cases. 70 BM fragments were reviewed as to the presence or absence of infiltration and length. The mean number of fragments per case was 2.5; the mean BM fragment length was 11.01 mm (± 5.12 mm) and the mean BM fragment length per case was 27.53 mm. There was unilateral BM infiltration in six cases (21.4%). There were no differences in the mean fragment length as to the presence/absence of infiltration 10.95 mm (± 5.2 mm) versus 11.57 mm, p > 0.05, respectively. There were no differences in 23 cases between the comparison of unilateral medullary infiltration versus bilateral with lactic dehydrogenase and CT staging. We concluded that bilateral bone marrow biopsy was superior to unilateral because it may increase by 21.4% the detection of BM involvement by DLBCL.