ABSTRACT Background: The increase in agricultural production requires sustainable alternatives development for reusing the waste generated, such as bovine manure, to obtain ecological, environmental, and economic benefits. In addition, proper fertilization is one of the main steps in the production of forest species seedlings. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the effect of different substrates formulations based on bovine manure and types of fertilizers on the quality of C. montevidense seedlings and verify if the field confirms the nurseries’ responses. The treatments consisted of three BM-based substrates combinations (S0 - control, no manure; S30 - 30% BM; and S60 - 60% BM) and four types of base fertilizers [Control: no fertilizer, FRF - Fast Release Fertilizer (NPK + fritted trace elements), FRF2 - twice as used in FRF and CRF - Controlled Release Fertilizer]. The substrates quality and the seedlings’ morphophysiological attributes were determined 160 days after sowing, then conducting the best treatments to the field. Results: We verified that the use of bovine manure improved the physical and chemical properties of the substrates. For the C. montevidense cultivation, 30% BM plus CRF provided the best seedling development. The substrate used in the seedlings production influenced the post-planting performance of C. montevidense, and the bovine manure use allows for more significant plant growth in the field. Conclusion: For the cultivation of Citharexylum montevidense, it is recommended to use substrates composed of 30% of bovine manure, associated with 6 g L-1 of controlled-release fertilizer, as it provides higher quality seedlings in shorter production time in the nursery.

ABSTRACT Background: Direct sowing technique is considered a promising tool for reducing costs and increasing species diversity in restoration projects. However, several factors can limit its success, making it necessary for methodological adjustments to be made in order to maximize the emergence, establishment and initial growth of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of fungus Trichoderma asperelloides and hydrogel in the enrichment direct sowing as a strategy to enrich the area in the initial restoration process. The forest species studied were Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cedrela fissilis, Luehea divaricata, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Parapiptadenia rigida. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design testing absence or presence of the T. asperelloides and absence or presence of hydrogel. Two experiments were established: in the nursery, we evaluations of the emergence of the seedlings were carried out; in the field, we evaluated emergence, survival, height and stem diameter. Results: Under nursery conditions, inoculation and the use of hydrogel did not influence the emergence of species tested. Direct sowing proved to be a promising technique for the enrichment of young restoration plantations in subtropical regions with E. contortisiliquum, P. rigida and C. fissilis. B. riedelianum and L. divaricata seeds did not germinate in the field. Conclusion: The use of T. asperelloides is an efficient strategy to enhance the results of direct sowing, capable of providing higher rates of emergence for E. contortisiliqumm and P. rigida and maximizing the growth in height of E. contortisiliqumm. Under high pluviometric intensity, the use of the hydrogel does not influence the emergence and morphological attributes of the species studied. Background projects However success plants process fissilis T established out field survival diameter Results conditions tested E P C B L Conclusion intensity

ABSTRACT The use of auxin mimics herbicides in agriculture is widespread in a great diversity of crops. The indiscriminate use of herbicides can cause adverse effects in the plants. Among the plant species that stand out for being highly competitive and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, it is the brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.). The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotoxic and photosynthetic alteration effects of different rates simulating the drift of the herbicides 2,4-D and Dicamba in brazilian peppertree seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in 2 x 8 factorial design (herbicide x doses). The factor herbicide consisted the herbicides 2,4-D and Dicamba, and, the factor doses eight percentages of the herbicide applied. Phytotoxicity and alteration of photosynthetic and fluorescence of chlorophyll a parameters were evaluated. Increased rate of the 2,4-D and Dicamba cause phytotoxicity to the plants, whose Dicamba promotes greater injuries. Dicamba was the herbicide that caused the greatest damage to the photosynthetic apparatus on brazilian peppertree plants, while for 2,4-D the plants showed higher recovery potential after herbicidal exposure.

RESUMO Entre os métodos utilizados para a restauração de áreas alteradas, tem-se o plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas como um dos mais tradicionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a sobrevivência e o crescimento de mudas de Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos e Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan, em área alterada, de acordo com o recipiente utilizado na produção das mudas em viveiro e do uso de mulching no plantio, por meio de atributos morfológicos e fisiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 2x2, considerando tipos de recipientes na produção das mudas (saco plástico e tubete) e presença ou ausência de mulching no entorno das mudas no plantio. As três espécies apresentaram médias de sobrevivência semelhantes aos 24 meses. As taxas entre os tratamentos foram 72,5; 85,0 e 80,0%, respectivamente. Obteve-se efeito positivo do uso de saco plástico para incremento em altura (IncH) e em diâmetro coleto (IncDC), área da copa (AC) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) para C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus, enquanto para P. rigida, o uso do saco plástico favoreceu à AC e MSPA. A presença de mulching favoreceu os atributos IncH, IncDC, AC e MSPA de H. heptaphyllus, bem como a AC e a MSPA de C. sylvestris. Quanto aos parâmetros fisiológicos (níveis relativos de clorofila a e b e fluorescência de clorofila a), não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos testados. Indica-se que mudas de C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus e P. rigida, para plantio em área antropizada, sejam produzidas em recipiente saco plástico de 1,5 L visando maior crescimento a campo. Além disso, no plantio de C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus deve-se utilizar o mulching para favorecer seu crescimento.

ABSTRACT Among the methods used for the restoration of altered areas, the planting of native tree seedlings is one of the most traditional ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and initial growth of Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos and Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan seedlings in altered areas, according to containers used in nursery seedlings production and use of mulching on planting, using morphological and physiological attributes. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial scheme. The type of containers used (plastic bag and tube) was considered, and the presence or absence of mulching around the seedlings. The three species presented similar survival averages at 24 months. The rates between the treatments were 72.5; 85.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The use of plastic bags had a positive impact on the height (IncH) and stem collar (IncDC), crown area (CA) and shoot dry mass (SDM) for C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus, while for P. rigida, the use of plastic bags favored the CA and the SDM. The presence of mulching favored the attributes IncH, IncDC, AC, and MSPA of H. heptaphyllus, as well as CA and SDM of C. sylvestris. Regarding the physiological parameters (relative levels of chlorophyll a and b and fluorescence of chlorophyll a), no difference was observed between the treatments tested. It is recommended that for the planting of seedlings of C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus, and P. rigida, in altered areas by anthropization, they be produced in a 1.5 L plastic bag, aiming at greater field growth. Also, in the planting of C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus the mulching should be used to favor their growth.

ABSTRACT Plantations with native tree species, which emphasize biodiversity conservation, may not succeed because of a lack of forestry knowledge about the native species. Cabralea canjerana is an important tree species, which is rarely present in area restoration programs because of the difficulty in establishing it in plantations. Despite this, the species is also known for its adaptation to different light conditions. Therefore, this research sought to answer: a) What is the appropriate light level for the initial establishment of Cabralea canjerana seedlings in the field? b) Does seasonality influence the morphological and physiological attributes of Cabralea canjerana plants? The treatments used were: four shade intensities (0, 18, 50 and 70%) and two seasonal periods (spring-summer and autumn-winter). Survival was evaluated at 30 and 360 days after planting, while the morphological and physiological attributes were evaluated at 180 (spring-summer) and 360 (autumn-winter) days after planting. We suggest that Cabralea canjerana be classified as a moderately shade-tolerant species, considering that even in a region with four well-defined seasons, like the one in the present study, its mortality rate was high in full sun, a fact that is corroborated by the morphological and physiological parameters. The planting of Cabralea canjerana seedlings in full sunlight is not appropriate because it causes low seedling survival. It is recommended that planting be carried out under 50% shading. Seasonality influenced the morphological and physiological attributes of Cabralea canjerana plants.

SUMMARY: Light is an important environmental factor in the establishment of vegetation. The knowledge of the behavior of the species in response to light demand for survival and growth in the field becomes essential. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the survival and initial growth of Myrocarpus frondosus seedlings under different levels of shade in the field. The treatments used were: 0 % (full sun); 18 %; 50 % and 70 % shading in a randomized block design. The survival of seedlings was evaluated 30 and 540 days after planting (d.a.p.) and the morphological attributes height (H), stem diameter (DC) and H/DC ratio every 90 days. Leaf area, leaf dry matter, dry matter of stem and branches and dry matter of shoot were obtained 540 d.a.p. The analyses of the physiological attributes fluorescence of chlorophyll a and photosynthetic pigments were performed 180, 360 and 540 d.a.p. The use of shading in the planting of Myrocarpus frondosus influences the survival and the morphological and physiological attributes of the species. The morphological and physiological attributes of Myrocarpus frondosus plants show that the species requires shading of 50 to 70 % in its initial growth phase in the field (540 d.a.p.). It is recommended to use the species in sub-forest enrichment plantations and in consortium with other species more demanding in light.

RESUMEN: La luminosidad es un factor ambiental importante en el establecimiento de la vegetación, siendo imprescindible el conocimiento del comportamiento de las especies en respuesta a la demanda de luz para supervivencia y crecimiento en el campo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la supervivencia y el crecimiento inicial de plantas de Myrocarpus frondosus bajo diferentes niveles de sombreamiento en el campo. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron 0 % (pleno sol), 18 %, 50 % y 70 % de sombreamiento en un diseño de bloques al azar. La supervivencia de las plantas fue evaluada a los 30 y 540 días después de la plantación (ddp) y los atributos morfológicos altura (H), diámetro del cuello (DAC) y relación H/DC cada 90 días. A los 540 ddp se obtuvo el área foliar, materia seca foliar, materia seca del tallo y ramas y la materia seca de la parte aérea. Los análisis de los atributos fisiológicos fluorescencia de la clorofila α y los pigmentos fotosintéticos fueron realizados a los 180, 360 y 540 ddp. La utilización de sombreamiento en la plantación de Myrocarpus frondosus evidencian que la especie necesita de 50 y 70 % de sombra en la fase inicial de crecimiento en el campo (540 ddp). Se recomienda el uso de la especie en plantaciones de enriquecimiento de sub bosque y en consorcio con otras especies más exigentes en luminosidad.

RESUMO A aplicação de doses de fósforo (P) no solo pode aumentar o crescimento de espécies arbóreas nativas de interesse econômico e ambiental, como a Cordia trichotoma. Assim, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar parâmetros morfológicos e fisiológicos em mudas de C. trichotoma cultivadas em solo com aumento do teor de P. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos com 2,5 dm-3 de solo, com quatro doses de P (0, 150, 300 e 450 mg dm-3) e seis repetições. O teor de P no solo, as concentrações de P nas folhas, os atributos morfológicos (altura, diâmetro do coleto, matéria seca aérea, matéria seca radicular e área foliar) e os atributos fisiológicos (teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos e fluorescência da clorofila a) foram determinados aos 180 dias após o transplante. O incremento no teor de P disponível no solo permitiu maior absorção desse elemento pelas raízes das plantas, elevando a concentração nas folhas. Isso favoreceu o metabolismo energético das plantas, proporcionando maior crescimento. Além disso, o maior influxo e acúmulo de P na planta quando utilizado 450 mg dm-3, incrementou a concentração dos pigmentos fotossintéticos e elevou a capacidade fotossintética das mudas de C. trichotoma. O maior aproveitamento da energia luminosa pelo fotossistema II (Fv/Fm = 0,76) foi observado nas mudas cultivadas com 450 mg dm-3 de P, com aumento de 95% quando comparadas às mudas sem adição de P. Assim, percebemos que essa espécie arbórea, é exigente e responsiva em relação ao maior teor de P disponível no solo.

ABSTRACT The application of phosphorus (P) doses in the soil can increase the growth of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the morphological and the physiological parameters in C. trichotoma seedlings, cultivated in soil with increased P content. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in pots with 2.5 dm-3 of soil, four doses of P (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg dm-3), and six replicates. P content in the soil, P concentrations in the leaves, morphological attributes (height, stem diameter, aerial dry matter, root dry matter, and leaf area) and physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll α fluorescence) were determined 180 days after transplantation. The increase in the available P content in the soil allowed greater absorption of this element by the plant’s roots, increasing the concentration in the leaves, and therefore favoring the energetic metabolism of the plants. In addition, the higher influx and accumulation of P in the plant when 450 mg dm-3 was used, increased the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments and increased the photosynthetic capacity of the C. trichotoma seedlings. The highest use of the light energy by photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76) was observed in the seedlings cultivated with 450 mg dm-3 of P, with a 95% increase when compared to seedlings without P. Thus, we observed that this tree species is demanding and responsive to the higher P content available in the soil.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação entre herbicidas associados ao saflufenacil para o controle de capim-arroz e a determinação do efeito dos herbicidas sobre os parâmetros fotossintéticos e de fluorescência de clorofila. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 2x8, cujo fator A testou os biótipos resistente e suscetível; e o fator B os herbicidas: saflufenacil (70 g i.a. ha-1), clomazone (180 g i.a. ha-1), imazapyr+imazapic (73,5+24,5 g i.a. ha-1), cyhalofop (360 g i.a. ha-1), as associações desses com saflufenacil, e testemunha sem tratamento. Foi avaliado o controle aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas (DAA), massa seca da parte aérea aos 28 DAA, avaliação de parâmetros fotossintéticos com analisador de gás infravermelho (IRGA) e emissão de fluorescência da clorofila a 24 e 48 horas após aplicação dos tratamentos, respectivamente, e interação dos herbicidas. A associação de saflufenacil com herbicidas testados na maior parte não modificou a resposta dos herbicidas para o controle de capim-arroz em ambos os biótipos. O biótipo resistente apresentou menor efeito negativo nos processos de fluorescência de clorofila e parâmetros de fotossíntese na associação de herbicidas com saflufenacil. O herbicida cyhalofop associado ao saflufenacil demonstra ser eficiente para o controle de capim-arroz suscetível e resistente a ALS.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the interaction between herbicides mixed with saflufenacil for the control of barnyardgrass and to determine the effect on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a 2x8 factorial scheme, whose factor A tested resistant and susceptible biotypes; and factor B the herbicides: saflufenacil (70 g a.i. ha-1), clomazone (180 g a.i. ha-1), imazapyr + imazapic (73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1), and cyhalofop (360 g a.i. ha-1), the mixtures of these herbicides with saflufenacil, and control without treatment. Weed control was assessed 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after herbicide application (DAA), as well as shoot dry matter at 28 DAA, photosynthetic parameters using infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), and emission of chlorophyll a fluorescence after 24 and 28 hours of application of treatments, respectively, and interaction of herbicides. Combination of saflufenacil with the herbicides tested in general did not change the response of both barnyardgrass biotypes to the herbicides used. The resistant biotype showed a lower negative effect on chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis parameters in the combination of herbicides with saflufenacil. The herbicide cyhalofop was effective for the control of ALS-susceptible and resistant barnyardgrass.

Abstract In forest nurseries, one of the factors that change the growth and quality of seedlings is water supply, which has a direct influence on metabolic processes such as stomatal conductance and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. This study aims to identify the influence of different watering regimes as well as the use of a water-retaining polymer on the initial growth and metabolic processes of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The experimental design was in random blocks with a factorial scheme. Morphological attributes, as well as physiological and biochemical attributes were investigated. We verified that the performance of E. contortisiliquum seedlings depends on the watering regime provided to the plants; furthermore, up to 60 days after the application of the treatments, both the height and diameter of the collection and the leaf water potential were similar in the water regimes of 8 mm day-1 and 12 mm day-1.

ABSTRACT Increased production of agro-industrial waste is a global concern, requiring proper disposal. In this sense, they can represent alternative sources for substrate production, adding value to the materials and reducing the cost of seedlings in the nursery. However, their proportions in the mixture should be adequate for better use of water and nutrients, ensuring better seedling quality. The objective of this study was to identify the potential of rice husk and peach kernel residue, as a secondary substrate component, for the production of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The carbonated (CRH), hydrolyzed (HRH) rice husk and crushed peach kernel (CPK) were added at 0, 10, 20 and 30% to an organic substrate. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and correlation analysis between the variables of the substrates and the morphological and physiological attributes. The results indicated that the HRH and CPK can add value to the agro-industrial residue when mixed to the organic compound in proportions of 20 and 10%, respectively, being adequate and compatible with the use of CRH in the proportion of up to 30%. Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, after 90 days of cultivation, presented quality to be hardened and dispatched when grown on organic compound substrates with up to 30% CRH, 20% HRH and 10% CPK.

ABSTRACT The use of a forest seedling bank has been recommended as an alternative to increase species richness in forest nurseries, as well as to produce seedlings of species that are diffi cult to propagate, especially those that belong to the late secondary and climax successional groups, which are not as commercially available. However, little is known about the impact of this method on forest dynamics. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the resilience and dynamics of a seedling bank in a remnant of a subtropical seasonal forest belonging to the Atlantic Forest Biome when subjected to different intensities of seedling removal. The experiment was conducted in a random block design in a factorial scheme (5 × 4), with treatments composed of fi ve intensities of removal of individuals from the seedling bank and the four seasons. The treatments were distributed into 18 blocks and the experimental units were composed of 1 m × 2.5 m plots. The resilience of the seedling community was assessed by examining effects of the fi ve removal intensities. The dynamics between the evaluation periods within each treatment were verifi ed by comparing the number of species and seedlings present before the treatments with those in the other evaluation periods. After one year, we found that tree-shrub vegetation had a partial capacity for restoration after withdrawal of individuals from the seedling bank. Our results show that the impact on the regeneration community can absorb the effects of up to 25% seedling removal. The technique of seedling transplantation may be recommended for species that have abundant regeneration, such as Actinostemon concolor, Eugenia rostrifolia, Trichilia claussenii and Nectandra megapotamica.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a presença do hidrogel afeta as propriedades físicas e químicas do substrato e a relação do hidrogel com doses de adubação no desenvolvimento de mudas. No substrato com presença e ausência do hidrogel foi realizada análise de características químicas e físicas. A produção de mudas foi conduzida em casa de vegetação sob irrigação reduzida, utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo bifatorial 2 x 6, em que os níveis do fator "A" referiram-se a presença (6 g L-1) ou ausência do hidrogel e os níveis do fator "B", às doses do fertilizante de liberação controlada - FLC (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da dose usual). Após 90 dias de semeadura foi realizada a avaliação de parâmetros morfológicos das mudas. O uso do hidrogel apresentou melhoria das características físicas e químicas do substrato, principalmente aos atributos que envolvem retenção e disponibilização de água às plantas. Com a adição do hidrogel e aproximadamente 50-75% da adubação convencional, houve aumento da altura, diâmetro de coleto, massa seca radicular e total, além do índice de qualidade de Dickson. Com o uso do hidrogel e adubação superior a 100% há redução do crescimento das mudas. Já, sem a adição do polímero, o melhor desempenho das mudas é obtido com doses superiores a 100% da adubação convencional. Em geral, o uso do polímero permite a redução em, pelo menos, 25% da adubação convencional (6 g L-1), podendo ser reduzida em até 50%.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate if the presence of hydrogel affects the physical and chemical properties of the substrate and the ratio of hydrogel in the fertilization rates of developing seedlings. In the substrate with and without hydrogel, it was carried out an analysis for the chemical and physical characteristics. The production of seedlings was conducted in a greenhouse under reduced irrigation using a randomized design factorial arrangement 2 X 6 in which the levels of factor 'A' referred to the presence (6 g L-1) or absence of hydrogel and the levels of factor 'B' to the doses of controlled-release fertilizer - FLC (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of the usual dosage). After 90 days of sowing, there was the evaluation of morphological parameters of seedlings. The use of hydrogel showed improvement of physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate, especially the attributes involving water retention and availability of the plants. Together with the addition of hydrogel and approximately 50-75% of conventional fertilization, there was an increase in height, diameter collect, dry mass, root and all, in addition to the Dickson Quality Index. Along with the use of hydrogel and fertilization over 100%, the growth of seedlings decreased. On the other hand, without the addition of the polymer, the best performance was obtained from seedlings at doses higher than 100% of conventional fertilization. In general, the use of the polymer allows a reduction of at least 25% of the conventional fertilization (6 g L-1), reaching up to 50%.

O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o substrato e o método de semeadura mais adequado para a germinação, assim como, o ambiente para o armazenamento de sementes de ipê-roxo (Handroanthus heptaphyllus), além de inferir sobre a qualidade sanitária proporcionada pelos distintos acondicionamentos. No experimento 1 foram avaliados os tratamentos (substratos - papel mata-borrão, papel filtro, vermiculita, areia, além do rolo de papel; e métodos de semeadura - entre e sobre os substratos). No experimento 2 foi avaliado o armazenamento em três ambientes (sala climatizada - 18 ºC e 49% umidade relativa (UR); câmara fria e úmida - 8 ºC e 80% UR; e câmara seca e fria - 7,5 ºC e 55% UR), por 300 dias. O teste de germinação de sementes de Handroanthus heptaphyllus pode ser realizado utilizando-se a semeadura entre papel mata-borrão, entre vermiculita, sobre areia, entre areia, sobre vermiculita e entre papel filtro. O armazenamento das sementes em sacos de plástico mantidos em ambiente de sala climatizada e/ou em câmara seca e fria é adequado à conservação das sementes de Handroanthus heptaphyllus por um período de 300 dias. O acondicionamento em ambiente de câmara seca e fria proporcionou menor incidência de fungos associados às sementes de Handroanthus heptaphyllus.

The aim of this study was to determine the substrate and the most suitable sowing method for germination, as well as the environment for storage of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds (ipê-roxo), and infer the health quality provided by different packaging. Experiment 1 has assessed the treatments (substrates - blotting paper, filter paper, vermiculite, sand, besides paper roll; and sowing methods - among and on the substrates). Experiment 2 has assessed storage in three environments (air conditioned room - 18 °C and 49% of relative humidity (RH); cold and wet chamber - 8 °C and 80% RH; and dry and cold chamber - 7.5 ºC and 55% RH) , for 300 days. Handroanthus heptaphyllus seed germination test can be performed using seeding among blotting paper, vermiculite, on sand, between sand, on vermiculite and between filter paper. The storage of the seeds in plastic bags kept in an air conditioned room and/or in a dry and cold chamber is suitable for the preservation of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds for a period of 300 days. The packaging in a dry and cold chamber environment has provided a lower incidence of fungi associated with the Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever morfologicamente o desenvolvimento das plântulas de Cordia trichotoma, determinar a influência dos tratamentos de semente e do substrato na redução da incidência de patógenos, assim como avaliar o potencial germinativo das sementes. O teste de sanidade foi realizado em esquema bifatorial 2 × 4 (dois tipos de beneficiamento e quatro tratamentos de sementes). O teste de germinação representou um esquema trifatorial 2 × 4 × 3 (dois beneficiamentos, quatro tratamentos de sementes e três substratos). O início da germinação ocorreu no 18° dia após a instalação do teste. A germinação das sementes é do tipo epígea, com plântula fanerocotiledonar. O percentual germinativo das sementes é superior quando é retirado todo o perianto, independentemente do substrato utilizado e do tratamento. O tratamento com Captan® reduziu a incidência de fungos dos gêneros Alternaria spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp.

This paper aims to describe the morphological development of seedlings of Cordia trichotoma, determine the influence of seed and substrate treatments in reducing the incidence of pathogens, and evaluate seed germination. A sanity test was performed using a 2×4 two-factor design (two types of processing and four seed treatment methods). The germination test represented a 2×4×3 three-factor design (two types of processing, four seed treatments, and three substrates). Germination started on the 18th day after the test was implemented for both samples. The seeds are of epigeous germination with phanerocotyledonous seedlings. The germination rate of seeds is higher when the whole perianth is removed, regardless of the substrate and treatment used. Treatment with Captan® reduced the fungal incidence of the genera Alternaria spp., Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp.