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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unique programmatic opportunities to test hypotheses related to the initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and viral load (VL) suppression during a global health crisis, which would not otherwise have been possible. OBJECTIVES: To generate practice-relevant evidence on the impact of initiating ART pre-COVID-19 versus during the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV VL. METHOD: Logistic regression was performed on data covering 6596 persons with HIV whose VL data were available, out of 36 585 persons who were initiated on ART between 01 April 2019 and 30 March 2021. RESULTS: After controlling for covariates such as age, gender, duration on ART, tuberculosis status at the time of the last visit, and rural vs urban status, the odds of having a VL < 1000 copies/mL were significantly higher for clients who started ART during the COVID-19 pandemic than the year before COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.50; confidence interval [CI]: 1.55-4.01; P < 0.001). Odds of having a VL < 1000 copies/mL were also significantly higher among female participants than male (AOR: 1.23; CI: 1.02-1.48), among patients attending rural clinics compared to those attending urban clinics (AOR: 1.83; CI: 1.47-2.28), and in clients who were 15 years or older at the time of their last visit (AOR: 1.50; CI: 1.07-2.11. CONCLUSION: Viral loads did not deteriorate despite pandemic-induced changes in HIV services such as the expansion of multi-month dispensing (MMD), which may have played a protective role regardless of the general negative impacts of response to the COVID-19 crises on communities and individuals. What this study adds: This research capitalises on the natural experiment of COVID-19-related changes in HIV services and provides new practice-relevant research evidence..

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v23i1.1421

SORÇÃO DE CO2 UTILIZANDO LÍQUIDO IÔNICO ADITIVADO COM EXTENSORES DE ÁREA SUPERFICIAL
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Souza, André L. A. De

; Vieira, Michele O.

; Polesso, Barbara B.

; Cobalchini, Fabiana W.

; Bernard, Franciele L.

; Vecchia, Felipe Dalla

; Einloft, Sandra

Química Nova

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Jun 2018, Volume 41 Nº 6 Páginas 656 - 661

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The study of environmentally friendly CO2 sorption agents are growing due to the need of mitigate this gas from atmosphere. Ionic Liquids (ILs) present the advantage of having low vapor pressures and being chemically and thermally stable. Besides, their properties can be designed by varying the groups of the cation or anion. Yet, these compounds present a lower desorption energy when compared to amines based chemical solvents. These characteristics make ILs potentially important for the development of new processes focused on the mitigation of global warming. However, ILs have high viscosity and high cost, making them economically unfeasible. To minimize these problems, bubble glass can be used as an additive in ionic liquids to reduce cost and viscosity. Bubble glass has several applications in industry, presenting low cost and high chemical and mechanical resistance. This work evaluated the CO2 solubility in [bmim][BF4] and [mbmim][Tf2N] pure and mixed with boron silicate bubble glass in volumetric concentrations of 5% to 50%. Data are reported at 27 bar of pressure and temperatures of 303 and 323 K. Mixed systems with 50% concentration of bubble glass showed the best sorption results for both ionic liquids.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170227 641 downloads

Eutrophication and cyanobacteria in South Africa's standing water bodies: A view from space
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Matthews, Mark W.

; Bernard, Stewart

South African Journal of Science

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Jun 2015, Volume 111 Nº 5-6 Páginas 1 - 8

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Satellite remote sensing can make a significant contribution to monitoring water quality in South African standing water bodies. Eutrophication, defined as enrichment by nutrients, and toxin-producing cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) blooms pose a significant threat to the quality of South African surface water bodies. The status and trends of chlorophyll a (chl-a, a proxy for eutrophication), cyanobacterial blooms and cyanobacterial surface scum were determined for South Africa's 50 largest water bodies between 2002 and 2012, using a recently developed algorithm and 10 years of data from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite. The majority (62%) of the 50 water bodies were highly nutrient enriched or hypertrophic, while 26 had cyanobacterial blooms which posed a high health risk from surface scums. This study is the first of its kind to provide quantitative water quality information for South Africa's water bodies from a time series of satellite remotely sensed data. We demonstrate the pivotal role that satellite remote sensing can play in greatly supplementing in-situ monitoring efforts such as the National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme. The finding that many water supply bodies are severely impacted by eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms confirms that these remain issues of critical concern for water security and supply in South Africa.

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2015/20140193 2238 downloads

Diet shift of Red Belly Pacu Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae), a Neotropical fish, in the Sepik-Ramu River Basin, Papua New Guinea
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Correa, Sandra Bibiana

; Betancur-R., Ricardo

; Mérona, Bernard de

; Armbruster, Jonathan W.

Neotropical Ichthyology

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Dez 2014, Volume 12 Nº 4 Páginas 827 - 833

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction of fish species is a globally widespread practice that causes losses of native species and homogenization of diversity within and across continents. Diet assessments are important tools to depict the ecological function of species introduced into novel ecosystem and possible direct and indirect ecological effects. In this study, we compare the diet of Piaractus brachypomus, a mainly frugivorous Neotropical fish, introduced into the Sepik-Ramu River Basin (Papua New Guinea) nearly two decades ago, to that of similar size individuals from Neotropical populations in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins (South America). In contrast to native populations that feed mainly on terrestrial plants and invertebrates, the diet of introduced P. brachypomus is mainly composed of fish remains and aquatic plants, while terrestrial plants are frequently consumed but in relatively smaller amounts. These findings show that P. brachypomus has an inherently plastic diet that can be adjusted when displaced to a novel geographic area. While trophic plasticity increases the likelihood of a species to establish breeding populations after its introduction, it also reduces our ability to predict negative effects on native species.

La introducción de peces es una práctica que se extiende globalmente y que causa perdida de especies nativas y homogenización de la diversidad dentro y entre continentes. Los estudios de dieta son herramientas útiles para definir la función ecológica de una especie introducida en un ecosistema nuevo y los posibles efectos directos e indirectos. En este estudio describimos la dieta dePiaractus brachypomus, una especie de pez Neotropical principalmente frugívora, que fue introducida en el río Sepik (Papua Nueva Guinea) hace casi dos décadas; y la comparamos con aquella de individuos de tamaño corporal similar de poblaciones nativas en las cuencas de los ríos Amazonas y Orinoco (América del Sur). En contraste con las poblaciones nativas que se alimentan principalmente de frutas y semillas, plantas e invertebrados terrestres, la dieta de individuos de P. brachypomusintroducidos se compone principalmente de restos de peces y plantas acuáticas, mientras que plantas terrestres son consumidas frecuentemente pero en pequeñas cantidades. Estos resultados indican que P. brachypomus tiene una dieta plástica que puede adaptarse cuando la especie se desplaza a un área geográfica nueva. A pesar de que la plasticidad trófica aumenta la probabilidad de que una especie establezca poblaciones reproductivas después de la introducción, también reduce nuestra habilidad de predecir los efectos negativos sobre especies nativas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130212 3602 downloads

New possibilities for research on reef fish across the continental shelf of South Africa
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Bernard, Anthony T.F.

; Götz, Albrecht

; Parker, Denham

; Heyns, Elodie R.

; Halse, Sarah J.

; Riddin, Nicholas A.

; Smith, Martin K.S.

; Paterson, Angus W.

; Winker, Henning

; Fullwood, Laura

; Langlois, Timothy J.

; Harvey, Euan S.

South African Journal of Science

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Out 2014, Volume 110 Nº 9-10 Páginas 01 - 05

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/a0079 1188 downloads

First fungal genome sequence from Africa: a preliminary analysis
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Wingfield, Brenda D.

; Steenkamp, Emma T.

; Santana, Quentin C.

; Coetzee, Martin P.A.

; Bam, Stefan

; Barnes, Irene

; Beukes, Chrizelle W.

; Yin Chan, Wai

; de Vos, Lieschen

; Fourie, Gerda

; Friend, Melanie

; Gordon, Thomas R.

; Herron, Darryl A.

; Holt, Carson

; Korf, Ian

; Kvas, Marija

; Martin, Simon H.

; Mlonyeni, X. Osmond

; Naidoo, Kershney

; Phasha, Mmatshepho M.

; Postma, Alisa

; Reva, Oleg

; Roos, Heidi

; Simpson, Melissa

; Slinski, Stephanie

; Slippers, Bernard

; Sutherland, Rene

; van der Merwe, Nicolaas A.

; van der Nest, Magriet A.

; Venter, Stephanus N.

; Wilken, Pieter M.

; Yandell, Mark

; Zipfel, Renate

; Wingfield, Mike J.

South African Journal of Science

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2012, Volume 108 Nº 1-2 Páginas 01 - 09

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Some of the most significant breakthroughs in the biological sciences this century will emerge from the development of next generation sequencing technologies. The ease of availability of DNA sequence made possible through these new technologies has given researchers opportunities to study organisms in a manner that was not possible with Sanger sequencing. Scientists will, therefore, need to embrace genomics, as well as develop and nurture the human capacity to sequence genomes and utilise the 'tsunami' of data that emerge from genome sequencing. In response to these challenges, we sequenced the genome of Fusarium circinatum, a fungal pathogen of pine that causes pitch canker, a disease of great concern to the South African forestry industry. The sequencing work was conducted in South Africa, making F. circinatum the first eukaryotic organism for which the complete genome has been sequenced locally. Here we report on the process that was followed to sequence, assemble and perform a preliminary characterisation of the genome. Furthermore, details of the computer annotation and manual curation of this genome are presented. The F. circinatum genome was found to be nearly 44 million bases in size, which is similar to that of four other Fusarium genomes that have been sequenced elsewhere. The genome contains just over 15 000 open reading frames, which is less than that of the related species, Fusarium oxysporum, but more than that for Fusarium verticillioides. Amongst the various putative gene clusters identified in F. circinatum, those encoding the secondary metabolites fumosin and fusarin appeared to harbour evidence of gene translocation. It is anticipated that similar comparisons of other loci will provide insights into the genetic basis for pathogenicity of the pitch canker pathogen. Perhaps more importantly, this project has engaged a relatively large group of scientists including students in a significant genome project that is certain to provide a platform for growth in this important area of research in the future.

1907 downloads

Description of Neblinichthys brevibracchium and N. echinasus from the upper Mazaruni River, Guyana (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and recognition of N. roraima and N. yaravi as distinct species
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Taphorn, Donald C.

; Armbruster, Jonathan W.

; López-Fernández, Hernán

; Bernard, Calvin R.

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2010, Volume 8 Nº 3 Páginas 615 - 624

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Neblinichthys brevibracchium and N. echinasus are new sympatric species from upland tributaries of the Mazaruni River (Essequibo River basin) of Guyana. These two new species are the first Neblinichthys reported from Guyana. Adult males of both new species have short pectoral-fin spines and several series of hypertrophied odontodes covering the entire dorsal surface and along the entire edge of the snout. They are distinguished from each other by dorsal-fin base length/standard length (18.1-22.8% in N. brevibracchium vs. 24.3-27.0% in N. echinasus), dorsal-anal distance/SL (13.7-18.3% in N. brevibracchium vs. 11.9-12.5% in N. echinasus), by having the snout decreasing in steep arc just anterior to eyes and then flattening in area anterior of nares in N. brevibracchium vs. the snout tapering shallowly and continuously from eyes to snout tip in N. echinasus); and by having the adpressed dorsal fin reaching the anterior preadipose plate in N. brevibracchium (vs. not reaching anterior preadipose plate in N. echinasus). They are distinguished from all congeners by lacking odontodes on the opercle (vs. odontodes present); and by completely lacking an iris operculum (vs. congeners with small iris operculum present or at least dorsal portion of iris flat instead of rounded). Neblinichthys echinasus and N. brevibracchium differ from all congeners by having a spotted or vermiculated pigment pattern on the abdomen (vs. abdomen plain); in N. echinasus the abdomen is darkly pigmented with bold white spots and in Neblinichthys brevibracchium the abdomen is light-colored with gray spots and vermiculations. Neblinichthys brevibracchium and N. echinasus differ from N. roraima by having one to two preadipose plates (vs. four or more). New observations revealed Neblinichthys roraima and N. yaravi to be distinct, with N. roraima having four or more preadipose plates and N. yaravi having one or two. Both are present in the upper río Caroní, an Orinoco tributary that drains the slopes of Mount Roraima and other mountains of the Pacaraima Range in Venezuela and interdigitates with headwaters of the Mazaruni River.

Neblinichthys brevibracchium y N. echinasus son especies nuevas simpátricas que viven en las cabeceras del río Mazaruni (cuenca del río Essequibo) en Guyana. Estas dos especies nuevas son las primeras Neblinichthys registradas de Guyana. Se distinguen uno del otro por la relación de la longitud de la base de la aleta dorsal/SL (18,1-22,8% in N. brevibracchium vs. 24,3-27,0% en N. echinasus), por la distancia dorsal-anal/SL (13,7-18,3% en N. brevibracchium vs. 11,9-12,5% en N. echinasus), por el hocico que declina suavemente desde los ojos hacia la punta (vs. hocico que declina abruptamente desde los ojos hasta la punta) y en tener una aleta dorsal que alcanza la placa pre-adiposa anterior cuando se aprieta al cuerpo (vs. no alcanzando la placa pre-adiposa anterior). Se distinguen de todos sus congéneres por carecer de odontodos en el opérculo, y por la falta del iris opérculo en el ojo (vs. presencia de un iris opérculo pequeño o al menos con la parte dorsal del iris plana en vez de redondeada). Los machos adultos de ambas especies nuevas tienen las espinas pectorales cortas y tienen varias series de ¨pelos¨ (odontodos hipertrofiados) cubriendo la superficie dorsal entera y los bordes laterales del hocico. Neblinichthys echinasus se distingue de todos sus congéneres excepto N. brevibracchium por tener un patrón llamativo de vermiculaciones blancas en el abdomen y de N. roraima por tener una o dos placas preadiposas (vs. más de cuatro). Neblinichthys brevibracchium difiere de todos sus congéneres por tener el abdomen de color claro con manchas y vermiculaciones grises con la cabeza y cuerpo más profundo y de N. roraima se distingue en tener una o dos placas preadiposas (vs. cuatro o más). Nuevas observaciones muestran que Neblinichthys roraima y N. yaravi son diferentes: N. roraima tiene cuatro o más placas preadiposas y N. yaravi tienen una o dos. Ambas especies están presentes en alto río Caroní, un tributario del río Orinoco que drena las laderas occidentales del monte Roraima y otras montañas de la Sierra de Pacaraima en Venezuela.

2308 downloads

A tuberculose nas prisões do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: uma urgência de saúde pública
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Sánchez, Alexandra Roma

; Massari, Véronique

; Gerhardt, Germano

; Barreto, Angela W.

; Cesconi, Vanderci

; Pires, Janete

; Espínola, Ana Beatriz

; Biondi, Edison

; Larouzé, Bernard

; Camacho, Luiz Antônio Bastos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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Mar 2007, Volume 23 Nº 3 Páginas 545 - 552

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Em 2004, a taxa de incidência da tuberculose nas prisões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foi trinta vezes superior à da população geral do Estado. Essa taxa provavelmente é subestimada, especialmente pela dificuldade de acesso ao serviço de saúde nesse ambiente. Com o objetivo de melhor avaliar a situação, um primeiro inquérito radiológico sistemático foi realizado e mostrou taxa de prevalência de 4,6% (prisão A, n = 1.052). Dois inquéritos adicionais revelaram, nas unidades B (n = 590) e C (n = 1.372), taxas maiores (6,3% e 8,6%, respectivamente). A comparação das características sócio-demográficas das prisões A, B e C mostrou que a população encarcerada não é homogênea. Em comparação com prisão A, os indivíduos encarcerados nas prisões B e C são oriundos de comunidades mais desfavorecidas e têm mais freqüentemente história de encarceramento anterior e de tuberculose. Essas diferenças, coerentes com os dados de prevalência, implicam a adaptação das medidas de controle da tuberculose ao perfil epidemiológico e sócio-demográfico de cada unidade prisional.

The tuberculosis incidence rate in prisons in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, was 30 times higher in 2004 than in the general population and is probably underestimated, particularly given the difficult access to care in the prison setting. To obtain a better estimate, a survey used systematic X-ray screening and showed a prevalence rate of 4.6% in one such detention facility, A (n = 1,052). Two additional surveys, in facilities B (n = 590) and C (n = 1,372), showed even higher prevalence rates (6.3% and 8.6% respectively). A comparison of socio-demographic characteristics between A, B, and C showed a heterogeneous prison population. As compared to facility A, inmates in B and C come from poorer urban communities and have more frequent histories of incarceration and tuberculosis. These differences, consistent with the prevalence data, imply the necessary adaptation of tuberculosis control programs to each detention facility's epidemiological and socio-demographic profile.

5154 downloads Citado 7 vezes em SciELO

A tuberculose nas prisões do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: uma urgência de saúde pública
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Sánchez, Alexandra Roma

; Massari, Véronique

; Gerhardt, Germano

; Barreto, Angela W.

; Cesconi, Vanderci

; Pires, Janete

; Espínola, Ana Beatriz

; Biondi, Edison

; Larouzé, Bernard

; Camacho, Luiz Antônio Bastos

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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Mar 2007, Volume 23 Nº 3 Páginas 545 - 552

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

1684 downloads Citado 7 vezes em SciELO

10.

Enhancing regional capacity in chronic disease surveillance in the Americas
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Choi, Bernard C.K.

; Corber, Stephen J.

; McQueen, David V.

; Bonita, Ruth

; Zevallos, Juan C.

; Douglas, Kathy A.

; Barceló, Alberto

; Gonzalez, Miguel

; Robles, Sylvia

; Stachenko, Sylvie

; Hall, Mary

; Champagne, Beatriz M.

; Lindner, M.Cristina

; Salazar, Ligia M.de

; Granero, Ricardo

; Laurido, Lourdes E. Soto de

; Lum, Washington

; Torres, Rogger E.

; Warren, Charles W.

; Mokdad, Ali H.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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Fev 2005, Volume 17 Nº 2 Páginas 130 - 141

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Existe la necesidad de reforzar la capacidad regional para la vigilancia de las enfermedades crónicas en las Américas. Los objetivos de este artículo son 1) ofrecer nuestro apoyo decidido a favor de la vigilancia de las enfermedades crónicas, 2) presentar una revisión descriptiva y un resumen de las actividades de vigilancia y los problemas en torno a las mismas en las Américas, 3) confeccionar una lista de recursos y fuentes de consulta para obtener más información, y 4) ofrecer unas recomendaciones para reforzar la capacidad regional. Este artículo se basa en una revisión personal de informes, sitios de Internet y apuntes personales procedentes de diversos proyectos, reuniones y actividades relacionados con la vigilancia de las enfermedades crónicas en las Américas, y en un análisis a profundidad de los materiales recopilados. Se ha determinado que las agencias sanitarias internacionales, los gobiernos de diversos países, las organizaciones no gubernamentales y los profesionales de la sanidad pública han dedicado grandes esfuerzos a la construcción y al desarrollo de las capacidades de vigilancia de las enfermedades crónicas en la Región. Para seguir apoyando el aumento de dichas capacidades, se hace necesario establecer una red de redes (una metarred) cuya misión debería ser la vigilancia de la vigilancia. Siete aspectos importantes para el aumento de esta capacidad son la estrategia, la colaboración, la información, la educación, la novedad, la comunicación, y la evaluación.

3066 downloads Citado 3 vezes em SciELO

11.

A rapid assessment approach for public health decision-making related to the prevention of malaria during pregnancy
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Parise, Monica E.

; Lewis, Linda S.

; Ayisi, John G.

; Nahlen, Bernard L.

; Slutsker, Laurence

; Muga, Richard

; Sharif, S.K.

; Hill, Jenny

; Steketee, Richard W.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

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2003, Volume 81 Nº 5 Páginas 316 - 323

Resumo: En Es Fr | Texto: En Es Fr | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Fr

Objective: To develop a rapid field assessment methodology to address the burden of malaria during pregnancy and the options for intervening within the existing antenatal care system in Kenya. Methods: Surveys consisting of questionnaires, sampling of blood for parasitaemia and anaemia, and birth outcome assessment were conducted in antenatal clinics, delivery units, and in the community in Kisumu and Mombasa, Kenya. Findings: The rates of maternal anaemia and severe anaemia, were, respectively, 79% and 8% in Kisumu, and 95% and 24% in Mombasa. The rates of placental parasitaemia were 27% and 24% and the rates of low birth weight were 18% and 24% in Kisumu and Mombasa, respectively. Women with placental parasitaemia had a higher incidence of low birth weight compared with women without placental parasitaemia in both Kisumu (28% vs 16%, P=0.004) and Mombasa (42% vs 20%, P=0.004). A total of 95% and 98% of women in Kisumu and Mombasa, respectively, reported attending an antenatal clinic during their previous pregnancy. Conclusion: This methodology can be used by ministries of health to collect data for decision-making regarding malaria control during pregnancy; it can also provide a baseline measurement on which to evaluate subsequent interventions.

Objetivo: Desarrollar un método de evaluación rápida sobre el terreno para hacer frente a la carga de paludismo durante el embarazo y determinar las opciones de intervención dentro del sistema de atención prenatal existente en Kenya. Métodos: Se llevaron a cabo encuestas en una serie de consultorios de atención prenatal, en unidades de parto y en las comunidades de Kisumu y Mombasa (Kenya); las encuestas se basaron en cuestionarios, análisis de muestras de sangre para determinar la parasitemia y la anemia, y evaluaciones del resultado de los partos. Resultados: Las tasas de anemia materna y anemia grave, fueron, respectivamente, del 79% y el 8% en Kisumu, y del 95% y el 24% en Mombasa. Las tasas de parasitemia placentaria fueron del 27% y el 24%, y las tasas de bajo peso al nacer, del 18% y el 24% en Kisumu y Mombasa, respectivamente. La incidencia de nacimientos de niños con bajo peso fue mayor entre las mujeres con parasitemia placentaria que entre las mujeres sin parasitemia placentaria, tanto en Kisumu (28% frente a 16%, P = 0,004) como en Mombasa (42% frente a 20%, P = 0,004). En total el 95% y el 98% de las mujeres de Kisumu y Mombasa, respectivamente, declararon haber acudido a un consultorio de atención prenatal durante su embarazo anterior. Conclusión: Esta metodología puede ser utilizada por los ministerios de salud para reunir datos de valor decisional en la lucha contra el paludismo durante el embarazo, y puede proporcionar además unos valores de referencia para evaluar las intervenciones posteriores.

Objectif: Elaborer une méthodologie d'évaluation rapide sur le terrain pour examiner la charge représentée par le paludisme pendant la grossesse et les options d'intervention dans le cadre du système existant de soins anténatals au Kenya. Méthodes: Des enquêtes avec questionnaires, prélèvements de sang pour la recherche de la parasitémie et de l'anémie et évaluation de l'issue de la grossesse ont été réalisées dans des dispensaires de soins anténatals, dans des maternités et dans la communauté à Kisumu et Mombasa (Kenya). Résultats: Les taux d'anémie et d'anémie sévère chez la mère étaient respectivement de 79 % et 8 % à Kisumu et de 95 % et 24 % à Mombasa. Les taux de parasitémie placentaire étaient de 27 % et 24 % et les taux de faible poids de naissance étaient de 18 % et 2 % à Kisumu et Mombasa respectivement. Chez les enfants dont la mère présentait une parasitémie placentaire, l'incidence du faible poids de naissance était accrue par rapport à ceux dont la mère ne présentait pas de parasitémie, à Kisumu (28 % contre 16 %, p = 0,004) comme à Mombasa (42 % contre 20 %, p = 0,004). Au total, 95 % des femmes ont indiqué avoir fréquenté un dispensaire de soins anténatals au cours de leur précédente grossesse à Kisumu et 98 % à Mombasa. Conclusion: Cette méthodologie peut être utilisée par les ministères de la santé pour recueillir des données en vue de la prise de décision concernant la lutte contre le paludisme pendant la grossesse ; elle peut également fournir des données de référence qui serviront à évaluer de futures interventions.

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12.

Sambaquís da região lagunar de Cananéia: I - observações geográficas. II - Especulações prehistóricas
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Ab'Sáber, Aziz N.

; Bernard, W.

Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico

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Dez 1953, Volume 4 Nº 1-2 Páginas 215 - 238

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

This paper records a few geographic and archeologic observations related with several "sambaquís" found in the lagoon region of Cananéia, in the south coast of the State of S. Paulo. The major part of such shell-mounds were found to be lying directly upon beach or dune sand, their location being, generally, at the margin of a "marigot" (salt-water river). From the observations made at four different "sambaquís" the authors have concluded that these mounds may be considered a most valuable material for the investigation of the region's near past history. It is believed that at the time the "Man-of-the-sambaquí" was living, the planimetric configuration of the Isle of Cananéia and other low parts of the region were considerably different than at the present time. The authors point out that all the former controversies between the "naturalist" and "artificialist" currents have been definitively settled by the work of Guerra (1951, p. 3-18) in which the differences existing between the "sambaquís" and the "wave-built terraces" are demonstrated by this geographer. The lagoon region of Cananéia with its "restingas", canals, etc., is thoroughly analysed and the probable configuration of the lagoon system and marine canals during the prehistoric period is examined. After a few speculative considerations about the prehistory of the region and after studying the stratification of the "sambaquís" layers together with the heterogenous materials which are included in them the authors present their hypothesis that the building of these mounds was probably connected with magic ritual practices.

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