Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó la salud de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA). Las condiciones relacionadas al aislamiento podrían haber impactado no solo en la funcionalidad de NNA con parálisis cerebral (PC), sino también en su bienestar social y emocional, repercutiendo en su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Objetivo: Analizar percepciones de afectación durante la pandemia y diferencias en las dimensiones de CVRS respecto a un registro previo en NNA argentinos con diagnóstico de PC desde la perspectiva de sus cuidadores. Sujetos y Método: Estudio observacional transversal en dos momentos (2019 y 2021) donde participaron 98 cuidadores. Utilizamos los cuestionarios KIDSCREEN-27 y CP-QOL para la valoración de la CVRS y una pregunta abierta respecto a la afectación de la pandemia sobre la salud del NNA, incluida en 2021. Comparamos puntuaciones medias de las dimensiones de los cuestionarios en ambas etapas (diferencias significativas: d de Cohen ≥ 0,3). Las respuestas a la pregunta abierta se analizaron vía codificación “abierta” y “axial”. Resultados: Las puntuaciones de las dimensiones Participación, Bienestar emocional, Bienestar social y Entorno escolar (CP-QOL) y Bienestar psicológico, Amigos, Entorno escolar e Índice general de CVRS (KIDSCREEN-27) fueron menores durante la pandemia (2021) respecto de 2019 (d > 0,3). Sobre el impacto percibido durante esa coyuntura, identificamos tres recurrencias principales: “afectación por la interrupción de terapias y tratamientos”, “deterioro del vínculo con pares” y “aumento y valoración positiva de la autoatención”. Conclusiones: La pandemia afectó dimensiones psicosociales de la salud. Datos cualitativos resaltan la valoración positiva de la autoatención.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the health of children and adolescents (CA). Isolation-related conditions could have impacted not only the functionality of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) but also their social and emotional well-being, affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objective: To analyze perceptions of impairment during the pandemic and differences in HRQoL dimensions compared with a previous registry in Argentinean children and adolescents diagnosed with CP from the perspective of their caregivers. Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional observational study at two time points (2019 and 2021) where 98 caregivers participated. We used the KIDSCREEN-27 and CP-QOL questionnaires for the assessment of HRQoL and an open-ended question regarding the impact of the pandemic on the health of children and adolescents, including in 2021. We compared mean scores of the dimensions of the questionnaires in both stages (significant differences: Cohen’s d≥0.3). Responses to the open-ended question were analyzed via “open” and “axial” coding. Results: The scores of the dimensions Participation, Emotional well-being, Social well-being, and School environment (CP-QOL) and Psychological well-being, Friends, School environment, and General HRQoL index (KIDSCREEN-27) were lower during the pandemic (2021) compared with 2019 (d>0.3). Regarding perceived affectation during the pandemic, we identified three main recurrences: “impairment due to interruption of therapies and treatments”, “deterioration of peer bonding”, and “increased and positive appraisal of self-care”. Conclusions: The pandemic affected the psychosocial dimensions of health. Qualitative data highlight the positive assessment of self-care.

Abstract The use of questionnaires as measuring tools involves the use of language. Spanish intralinguistic variation entails differences in the ways of perceiving the world, analyzing events and behaving, which must be taken into account when designing and adapting questionnaires. The IA-PCAT (Primary Care Assessment Tools for Iberomerica) harmonization process differs from the cross-cultural adaptation scenarios described in the scientific literature, since it intends to obtain a single Spanish product suitable for multiple target populations, that emanates from questionnaires previously adapted in several populations. Hence, this work requires the use of new analysis categories. The aim of this methodological note is to propose discriminant definitions of conceptual equivalence, practical equivalence and linguistic acceptability as analysis categories of the data collected during cognitive interviews to assess the questionnaires' comprehension, carried out with health professionals and users of healthcare services.

Resumen La utilización de cuestionarios como instrumentos de medición implica el uso de procesos lingüísticos. La variedad intralingüística del español conlleva diferentes modos de percibir, analizar y actuar en el mundo que deben considerarse al diseñar o adaptar cuestionarios. La armonización de los cuestionarios IA-PCAT (Primary Care Assessment Tools para Iberoamérica) difiere de los escenarios de adaptación transcultural descritos en la literatura porque intenta obtener un único producto en español adecuado para numerosas poblaciones meta a partir la armonización de cuestionarios provenientes de diversas poblaciones fuente hispanohablantes, por lo que requiere innovaciones en las categorías de análisis que se utilizan. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer definiciones discriminantes de equivalencia conceptual, equivalencia práctica y aceptabilidad lingüística como categorías de análisis para la comprensión de cuestionarios, y ofrecer ejemplos de pruebas de comprensión realizadas mediante entrevistas cognitivas con profesionales y personas usuarias de servicios de salud.

Abstract The use of questionnaires as measuring tools involves the use of language. Spanish intralinguistic variation entails differences in the ways of perceiving the world, analyzing events and behaving, which must be taken into account when designing and adapting questionnaires. The IA-PCAT (Primary Care Assessment Tools for Iberomerica) harmonization process differs from the cross-cultural adaptation scenarios described in the scientific literature, since it intends to obtain a single Spanish product suitable for multiple target populations, that emanates from questionnaires previously adapted in several populations. Hence, this work requires the use of new analysis categories. The aim of this methodological note is to propose discriminant definitions of conceptual equivalence, practical equivalence and linguistic acceptability as analysis categories of the data collected during cognitive interviews to assess the questionnaires' comprehension, carried out with health professionals and users of healthcare services.

Resumen La utilización de cuestionarios como instrumentos de medición implica el uso de procesos lingüísticos. La variedad intralingüística del español conlleva diferentes modos de percibir, analizar y actuar en el mundo que deben considerarse al diseñar o adaptar cuestionarios. La armonización de los cuestionarios IA-PCAT (Primary Care Assessment Tools para Iberoamérica) difiere de los escenarios de adaptación transcultural descritos en la literatura porque intenta obtener un único producto en español adecuado para numerosas poblaciones meta a partir la armonización de cuestionarios provenientes de diversas poblaciones fuente hispanohablantes, por lo que requiere innovaciones en las categorías de análisis que se utilizan. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer definiciones discriminantes de equivalencia conceptual, equivalencia práctica y aceptabilidad lingüística como categorías de análisis para la comprensión de cuestionarios, y ofrecer ejemplos de pruebas de comprensión realizadas mediante entrevistas cognitivas con profesionales y personas usuarias de servicios de salud.

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar los factores asociados a la percepción de riesgo de coronavirus en la primera fase de la pandemia en Argentina. Métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal en población adulta (n=992) argentina. En marzo 2020 se aplicó un cuestionario online de la Organización Mundial de la Salud adaptado a Argentina. Se estimó la asociación entre la percepción de probabilidad de contagio y de severidad en caso de contagio, y sentimientos en relación al coronavirus, autoeficacia y búsqueda de información, mediante modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados. La percepción de riesgo frente al coronavirus en la primera fase de la pandemia fue moderada. Sin embargo, la proporción de personas que indicó puntuaciones altas fue mucho mayor en la percepción de severidad, comparado con la percepción de probabilidad de contagio. La percepción de probabilidad de contagio fue menor a mayor percepción de lejanía del virus y a mayor frecuencia de búsqueda de información. La percepción de severidad en caso de contagio se asoció positivamente con la frecuencia de búsqueda de información. En cambio, se asoció inversamente con la percepción de lejanía del virus y la autoeficacia. Conclusiones. Existen diferentes factores tanto emocionales como sociales asociados a la percepción de contagio y de severidad en Argentina. Esta complejidad debería considerarse en el diseño de políticas públicas para la prevención de COVID-19.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the perception of risk of coronavirus in the first phase of the pandemic in Argentina. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in the Argentine adult population (n = 992). An online survey of the World Health Organization adapted to Argentina was applied in March-2020. The association between the perception of probability of contagion and severity in case of contagion and feelings related to the coronavirus, self-efficacy and health, were estimated using multiple linear regression models. Results: The perception of risk facing the first phase of the pandemic was moderate. However, the proportion of people who indicated high scores in the perception of severity was much higher compared to the perception of probability of contagion. The perception of probability of contagion was lower at greater perception of remoteness of the virus and it was greater at a higher frequency of information search. The perception of severity in case of contagion was positively associated with frequency of information search. Instead, it was inversely associated with the perception of remoteness of the virus and self-efficacy. Conclusions: There are different social and emotional factors associated with the perception of contagion and severity of coronavirus in Argentina. This complexity should be considered in the design of public policies for the prevention of COVID-19.

Resumo Objetivo. Analisar os fatores associados à percepção de risco de coronavírus na primeira fase da pandemia na Argentina. Métodos. Desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal em população adulta (n=992) na Argentina. Em março de 2020 foi aplicado um questionario online da Organização Mundial da Saúde adaptado para a Argentina. Estimouse a associação entre a percepção de probabilidade de contágio e da severidade no caso de contágio, e sentimentos em relação ao coronavírus, auto-eficácia e busca de informação, mediante modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados. A percepção de risco frente ao coronavírus na primeira fase da pandemia foi moderada. Entretanto, a proporção de pessoas que indicou pontuações altas foi muito maior na percepção de severidade, comparado com a percepção de probabilidade de contágio. A percepção de probabilidade de contágio foi menor quanto maior a percepção de distância do vírus e a maior frequência de busca de informação. A percepção de severidade no caso de contágio é associada positivamente à frequência de busca de informação; por outro lado é associada inversamente à percepção de distância do vírus e a auto-eficácia. Conclusões. Existem diferentes fatores tanto emocionais como sociais associados à percepção de contágio e de severidade na Argentina. Esta complexidade deveria ser considerada no planejamento de políticas públicas para a prevenção da COVID-19.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Health-related quality of life (HRQL) indicators are important in the assessment of people with disabilities because they incorporate their own perspective. The CP QOL (Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life) is an Australian questionnaire that measures HRQL in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy by self-administration or through proxies. The objective of this study was to obtain a culturally adequate version of the CP QOL-PCQ (Primary Caregiver Questionnaire) for the Argentine population, practical and semantically equivalent to the original version. METHODS A cross-cultural adaptation was conducted, including translation and back translation by professional linguists, control of equivalence by experts and authors, and comprehension tests through cognitive interviews with a sample of caregivers. Adequacy, equivalence, and comprehension were verified in the expert's speeches and interviews responses. RESULTS Ninety-five items were translated and 19 were modified during the review and consensus with experts and authors. In cognitive interviews, comprehension difficulty and cultural equivalence were detected and 6 items were modified. DISCUSSION Culturally appropriate versions of the CP QOL-PCQ are available for the Argentine child and adolescent population, with evidence of their understanding in the target population. Metric properties and final conformation will be evaluated in the near future.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN los indicadores de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) son importantes en la valoración de personas con discapacidad porque incorporan su propia perspectiva. El CP QOL (Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life) es un cuestionario australiano que mide CVRS en niños, niñas y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral por autoadministración o por informador indirecto. El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener una versión del CP QOL-PCQ (Primary Caregiver Questionnaire) adecuada culturalmente a la población argentina, que fuera práctica y semánticamente equivalente a la versión original. MÉTODOS se realizó una adaptación transcultural incluyendo traducción y retrotraducción por lingüistas profesionales, control de equivalencia por expertos y autores, y pruebas de comprensión mediante entrevistas cognitivas a una muestra de cuidadores. La adecuación, equivalencia y comprensión fueron comprobadas en los discursos de expertos y las respuestas de entrevistas. RESULTADOS se tradujeron 95 ítems, y 19 se modificaron durante las etapas de revisión y consenso con expertos y autores. En las entrevistas cognitivas se detectó dificultad de comprensión y equivalencia cultural y se modificaron 6 ítems. DISCUSIÓN se dispone de versiones del CP QOL-PCQ adecuadas culturalmente a la población infantil y adolescente argentina, con pruebas de su comprensión en población diana. Sus propiedades métricas y conformación definitiva serán evaluadas próximamente.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar las propiedades métricas de los instrumentos que valoran las funciones de la atención primaria en salud desde la perspectiva de usuarios. Métodos: revisión sistemática. Se utilizaron los descriptores “primary health care”, “questionnaires”, “psychometrics”, “outcome measurement” y “process measurement”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones de revistas científicas en español, inglés y portugués, estudios de validación de cuestionarios que evaluaran funciones de la atención primaria en salud. Las propiedades métricas de los instrumentos se valoraron mediante el cuestionario EMPRO (por su sigla en inglés: Evaluating Measures of Patient Reported Outcomes). Resultados: se identificaron 28 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los cuestionarios que resultaron adecuados para su aplicación fueron 11, y de estos, ocho partían del PCAT (por su sigla en inglés: Primary Care Assessment Tool), ya que reunieron más evidencias sobre la calidad de sus propiedades métricas. Conclusiones: existen cuestionarios para evaluar las funciones esenciales de la atención primaria en salud. Las propiedades métricas del PCAT fueron adecuadas en la mayoría de las versiones adaptadas y validadas, por lo que permite obtener resultados confiables.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the metric properties of the instruments that value the functions of primary health care from the perspective of the users. Materials and methods: Systematic review. The “primary health care” descriptors, “questionnaires”, “psychometrics”, “outcome measurement”, and “process measurement” were used. The inclusion criteria were publications of scientific journals in Spanish, English and Portuguese, validation studies of questionnaires that evaluated functions of primary health care. The metric properties of the instruments were assessed using the EMPRO (by its acronym in English: Evaluating Measures of Patient Reported Outcomes) questionnaire. Results: A total of 28 descriptors that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Eleven questionnaires were suitable for application, and of these, eight came from the PCAT (by its acronym in English: Primary Care Assessment Tool), since they gathered more evidence on the quality of their metric properties. Conclusions: There are questionnaires to evaluate the essential functions of primary health care. The metric properties of the PCAT were adequate in most of the adapted and validated versions thus allowing reliable results.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar as propriedades métricas dos instrumentos que valoram as funções da atenção primaria em saúde desde a perspectiva de usuários. Métodos: revisão sistemática. Utilizaram-se os descriptores “primary health care”, “questionnaires”, “psychometrics”, “outcome measurement” e “process measurement”. Os critérios de inclusão foram publições de revistas científicas em espanhol, inglês e português, estudos de validação de questionários que avaliaram funções da atenção primaria em saúde. As propriedades métricas dos instrumentos se valoraram mediante o questionário EMPRO (por sua sigla em inglês: Evaluating Measures of Patient Reported Outcomes). Resultados: Identificaram se 28 artigos que cumpriram com os criterios de inclusão. Os questionários que resultaram adequados para sua aplicação foram 11, e destes, oito partiam do PCAT (por sua sigla em inglês: Primary Care Assessment Tool), já que reuniram mais evidencias sobre a qualidade de suas propriedades métricas. Conclusões: existem questionários para avaliar as funções essenciais da atenção primaria em saúde. As propriedades métricas do PCAT foram adequadas na maioria das versões adaptadas e validadas, pelo que permite obter resultados confiáveis.

RESUMO: Introdução: O processo de urbanização das sociedades latino-americanas estimula investigar suas consequências nas condições de saúde. Um dos elos possíveis é a recreação, componente do cotidiano das crianças essencial para a produção da saúde e da própria vida. O objetivo foi examinar as relações entre o contexto do bairro e o uso ativo do parque público entre as crianças em idade escolar em Córdoba, Argentina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 1466 crianças que frequentam 19 escolas e moram em 110 bairros. Modelos multinível com distribuição de Poisson foram utilizados para as análises, estratificados por sexo. Covariáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e físicas foram incluídas no nível individual e as condições socioeconômicas do bairro, no segundo nível. Resultados: As meninas que residem em bairros com pior contexto socioeconômico foram menos prováveis a relatar o uso frequente de parques públicos para atividades físicas, enquanto aquelas provenientes de bairros com melhores condições eram mais prováveis, independentemente das características individuais. Conclusões: Este estudo sugere que as condições socioeconômicas dos bairros estão associadas ao uso de parques públicos para atividade física em meninas unicamente, demonstrando uma desigualdade de gênero.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The complexity of urbanization processes across Latin American societies encourages investigating its implications in health conditions, especially during childhood. One of the possible links between them is recreation, a component of the daily life of children and, therefore, essential to produce health and life itself. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between neighborhood context and active public park use among school-aged children in Cordoba, Argentina. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1466 children, aged 9 to 11, attending 19 schools and living in 110 neighborhoods. Multilevel models with Poisson distribution were used for the analyses, stratified by gender. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and physical covariates were included at the individual level, and socioeconomic neighborhood conditions at second level. Results: Girls residing in neighborhoods with a worse socioeconomic context were less likely to report frequent public park use for physical activity, while those from neighborhoods with better socioeconomic conditions were more likely to, regardless of individual characteristics. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic conditions of neighborhoods are associated with public park use for physical activity in school-aged girls, demonstrating gender inequality in the use and appropriation of public spaces.

RESUMO: Introdução: O processo de urbanização das sociedades latino-americanas estimula investigar suas consequências nas condições de saúde. Um dos elos possíveis é a recreação, componente do cotidiano das crianças essencial para a produção da saúde e da própria vida. O objetivo foi examinar as relações entre o contexto do bairro e o uso ativo do parque público entre as crianças em idade escolar em Córdoba, Argentina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 1466 crianças que frequentam 19 escolas e moram em 110 bairros. Modelos multinível com distribuição de Poisson foram utilizados para as análises, estratificados por sexo. Covariáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e físicas foram incluídas no nível individual e as condições socioeconômicas do bairro, no segundo nível. Resultados: As meninas que residem em bairros com pior contexto socioeconômico foram menos prováveis a relatar o uso frequente de parques públicos para atividades físicas, enquanto aquelas provenientes de bairros com melhores condições eram mais prováveis, independentemente das características individuais. Conclusões: Este estudo sugere que as condições socioeconômicas dos bairros estão associadas ao uso de parques públicos para atividade física em meninas unicamente, demonstrando uma desigualdade de gênero.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The complexity of urbanization processes across Latin American societies encourages investigating its implications in health conditions, especially during childhood. One of the possible links between them is recreation, a component of the daily life of children and, therefore, essential to produce health and life itself. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between neighborhood context and active public park use among school-aged children in Cordoba, Argentina. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1466 children, aged 9 to 11, attending 19 schools and living in 110 neighborhoods. Multilevel models with Poisson distribution were used for the analyses, stratified by gender. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and physical covariates were included at the individual level, and socioeconomic neighborhood conditions at second level. Results: Girls residing in neighborhoods with a worse socioeconomic context were less likely to report frequent public park use for physical activity, while those from neighborhoods with better socioeconomic conditions were more likely to, regardless of individual characteristics. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic conditions of neighborhoods are associated with public park use for physical activity in school-aged girls, demonstrating gender inequality in the use and appropriation of public spaces.

Introduction. Prior studies conducted in Argentina found variable prevalence rates of high blood pressure (HBP) among children using different measurement methods. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of HBP among schoolchildren from the city of Córdoba and its relation to sex, nutritional status, socioeconomic status (SES), and level of maternal education. Population and methods. Blood pressure measurements and information on SES, level of maternal education, and body mass index of schoolchildren from the city of Córdoba, Argentina, were obtained. HBP was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure levels that are greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for a given age, sex, and height percentile at three consecutive measurements on separate days. Results. A total of 1531 boys and girls participated; their average age was 10.6 years. Fifty-five children had HBP. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels showed a significant association with obesity (p= 0.001), but not with age (p= 0.87), sex (systolic: p= 0.48; diastolic: p= 0.71) or SES (systolic: p= 0.07; diastolic: p= 0.09). Conclusions. The prevalence of HBP in a sample of schoolchildren from Argentina was 3.7%. It showed a significant association with obesity, but not with SES.

Introducción. Estudios previos en Argentina encontraron prevalencias variables de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en niños, utilizando diferentes métodos de medición. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de HTA en escolares de la ciudad de Córdoba y su relación con el sexo, el estado nutricional, el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y la escolaridad materna. Población y métodos. Se obtuvieron mediciones de presión arterial e información sobre el NSE, la educación materna y el índice de masa corporal de niños escolarizados de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. La HTA se definió como niveles de presión arterial sistólica o diastólica iguales al percentil 95 o mayores para una edad, sexo y percentil de altura determinados, en tres mediciones consecutivas realizadas en días diferentes. Resultados. Participaron 1531 niños y niñas de 10,6 años de edad promedio. Cincuenta y cinco niños tenían HTA. Los niveles de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica se asociaron significativamente con la obesidad (p= 0,001), pero no con la edad (p= 0,87), el sexo (sistólica: p= 0,48; diastólica: p= 0,71) o el NSE (sistólica: p= 0,07; diastólica: p= 0,09). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de HTA en una muestra de escolares de Argentina fue de 3,7%. Se asoció significativamente con la obesidad, pero no con el NSE.

Introduction: The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during childhood favors the identification of factors that affect growth and development. The objectives of this study were: a) to describe the HRQoL in children between 8.0 and 11.9 years old living in the Province of Tucuman; and b) to assess whether the HRQoL varies in relation to macrosocial (quality of life in the department, urban/rural household, socioeconomic status) and individual (age and sex) factors. Population and methods: Quantitative and cross-sectional study among students from the departments of Yerba Buena and Simoca. The KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire was administered to measure the HRQoL dimensions, and Student" s t tests, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the data according to macrosocial and individual factors. Results: A total of 1647 surveys were analyzed. Younger students and of male sex, in general, had a better perception of their health. Yerba Buena residents had mean scores that were significantly lower in the financial resources dimension, as compared to residents of Simoca (45.3 vs. 46.7, p: 0.01). There was no association between the socioeconomic status and the HRQoL. Children from rural areas had the lowest scores in most dimensions, with significant differences in selfperception (51.3 vs. 53.0, p: 0.01) and mood (43.2 vs. 44.5, p: 0.03). Conclusions: Perceived health of children from Yerba Buena and Simoca varied in relation to macrosocial and individual factors. In Yerba Buena, the perception of financial resources was worse than in Simoca. In general, the opinion of children from urban areas was more favorable than that of children from rural areas. Younger students and of male sex had a better perception of their health status.

Introducción: El estudio de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) durante la infancia permite identificar factores que condicionan el crecimiento y el desarrollo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) describir la CVRS de niños con edades comprendidas entre 8,0 y 11,9 años que residían en la provincia de Tucumán; y b) analizar si la CVRS variaba en relación con factores macrosociales (calidad de vida departamental, residencia urbano-rural, nivel socioeconómico) e individuales (edad y sexo). Población y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal en escolares de los departamentos de Yerba Buena y Simoca. Se aplicó el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 para medir dimensiones de CVRS y las pruebas t de Student, análisis de la varianza y regresión logística multivariada para el análisis según factores macrosociales e individuales. Resultados: Se analizaron 1647 encuestas. Los escolares de menor edad y los varones, en general, tuvieron una mejor percepción de su salud. Los residentes en Yerba Buena presentaron puntuaciones medias significativamente más bajas en la dimensión recursos económicos, comparados con los de Simoca (45,3 vs. 46,7, p: 0,01). No hubo asociación entre el nivel socioeconómico y la CVRS. Los niños rurales puntuaron más bajo en la mayoría de las dimensiones, con diferencias significativas en autopercepción (51,3 vs. 53,0, p: 0,01) y estado de ánimo (43,2 vs. 44,5, p: 0,03). Conclusiones: La salud percibida de los niños de Yerba Buena y Simoca varió en relación a aspectos macrosociales e individuales. En Yerba Buena, la percepción de los recursos económicos fue peor respecto de Simoca. En general, las apreciaciones de los niños urbanos fueron más favorables que las de los rurales. Los varones y los escolares de menor edad percibieron mejor su salud.

ABSTRACT Objective To obtain versions adapted to the Colombian context of the Primary Care Assessment Tools Child Edition and Adult Edition questionnaires (PCAT-CE and PCAT-AE, respectively) to assess the functions of primary care with equivalence to their original versions. Methods Transcultural adaptation process based on the adapted versions in Spanish validated in Argentina, Uruguay and Spain, in agreement with the Ibero-American Collaboration IA-PCAT. Results Eighteen out of 99 PCAT-CE items and 31 out of 112 PCAT-AE items were suitable for Colombia according to the Latin American versions. Of them, 76 and 73, respectively, required minimal idiomatic changes, 2 and 4 required major changes, and 1 and 4 items were removed. Interviews confirmed understanding and allowed improvements. Conclusions Versions tailored to the Colombian health system were obtained. The methodology used capitalized on the results of other countries and can contribute to achieving greater equivalence between instruments from different countries.

RESUMEN Objetivo Obtener versiones de los cuestionarios Primary Care Assessment Tools Child Edition y Adult Edition (PCAT-CE y PCAT-AE) para evaluar las funciones de la atención primaria con equivalencia a las versiones originales y adecuación al contexto colombiano. Métodos Proceso de adaptación transcultural modificado a partir de las versiones adaptadas y validadas en español en Argentina, Uruguay y España, en consenso con la Colaboración Iberoamericana IA-PCAT. Resultados Dieciocho de 99 ítems del PCAT-CE y 31 de 112 del PCAT-AE fueron adecuados para Colombia según las versiones iberoamericanas; 76 y 73, respectivamente, requirieron cambios lingüísticos mínimos; 2 y 4 ítems, cambios mayores; 1 y 4 ítems fueron eliminados. Las entrevistas confirmaron la comprensión y permitieron mejoras. Conclusiones Se obtuvieron versiones adaptadas al sistema de salud colombiano. La metodología empleada capitalizó los resultados de otros países y puede contribuir al logro de mayor equivalencia entre instrumentos de diferentes países.

RESUMEN Objetivo Obtener versiones de los cuestionarios Primary Care Assessment Tools Child Edition y Adult Edition (PCAT-CE y PCAT-AE) para evaluar las funciones de la atención primaria con equivalencia a las versiones originales y adecuación al contexto colombiano. Métodos Proceso de adaptación transcultural modificado a partir de las versiones adaptadas y validadas en español en Argentina, Uruguay y España, en consenso con la Colaboración Iberoamericana IA-PCAT. Resultados Dieciocho de 99 ítems del PCAT-CE y 31 de 112 del PCAT-AE fueron adecuados para Colombia según las versiones iberoamericanas; 76 y 73, respectivamente, requirieron cambios lingüísticos mínimos; 2 y 4 ítems, cambios mayores; 1 y 4 ítems fueron eliminados. Las entrevistas confirmaron la comprensión y permitieron mejoras. Conclusiones Se obtuvieron versiones adaptadas al sistema de salud colombiano. La metodología empleada capitalizó los resultados de otros países y puede contribuir al logro de mayor equivalencia entre instrumentos de diferentes países.

ABSTRACT Objective To obtain versions adapted to the Colombian context of the Primary Care Assessment Tools Child Edition and Adult Edition questionnaires (PCAT-CE and PCAT-AE, respectively) to assess the functions of primary care with equivalence to their original versions. Methods Transcultural adaptation process based on the adapted versions in Spanish validated in Argentina, Uruguay and Spain, in agreement with the Ibero-American Collaboration IA-PCAT. Results Eighteen out of 99 PCAT-CE items and 31 out of 112 PCAT-AE items were suitable for Colombia according to the Latin American versions. Of them, 76 and 73, respectively, required minimal idiomatic changes, 2 and 4 required major changes, and 1 and 4 items were removed. Interviews confirmed understanding and allowed improvements. Conclusions Versions tailored to the Colombian health system were obtained. The methodology used capitalized on the results of other countries and can contribute to achieving greater equivalence between instruments from different countries.

Introduction. During adolescence, school performance may be related to health, and academic achievements at this age can have an impact on the future. Our objective was to assess the relationship between academic performance and perceived health among adolescents, considering sociodemographic characteristics of their families. Population and Methods. Cross-sectional pilot study conducted in a sample of adolescents attending common basic courses of three public secondary schools in the city of Córdoba (Argentina). Academic performance was calculated as the average grade in all subjects; performance was considered satisfactory if equal to or higher than 6. Perceived health was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire, which scores ten dimensions. In addition, age, sex, maternal education level, socioeconomic level and household composition were also recorded. Univariate and bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. Results. Five hundred fifty-four adolescents participated, 52% of them were girls. Unsatisfactory academic performance (27.6%) was more common among adolescents who evidenced a worse relationship with parents (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.22-5.85) and a better relationship with peers (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26-0.82). Stratification by socioeconomic level showed differences: among those with a high socioeconomic level, an unsatisfactory performance was more common among adolescents who perceived themselves as having a low autonomy, while it was more common among those who perceived a worse school environment in the middle-low socioeconomic level. Conclusion. Academic performance was associated with psychosocial dimensions of health, such as relationship with family members, peers, autonomy and school environment.

Introducción. El desempeno en la escuela podría estar vinculado a la salud en la adolescencia, y los logros educativos en esta edad pueden influir en la vida futura. El objetivo fue estudiar la asociación entre el rendimiento académico y la salud percibida en adolescentes, teniendo en cuenta las características sociodemográficas de sus familias. Población y métodos. Estudio piloto transversal en una muestra de adolescentes asistentes al ciclo básico de tres escuelas secundarias públicas de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. El rendimiento académico se computó como el promedio de las calificaciones en todas las asignaturas y se consideró suficiente cuando fue igual a 6 puntos o mayor. La salud percibida se valoró con el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52, que produce puntuaciones en diez dimensiones. Además, se recogió la edad, el sexo, el nivel de escolaridad materna, el nivel socioeconómico y la composición de la familia. Se realizaron análisis univariados, bivariados y modelos multivariados de regresión logística. Resultados. Participaron 554 adolescentes, 52% de los cuales eran mujeres. El rendimiento académico insuficiente (27,6%) fue más frecuente en los adolescentes que manifestaron peor relación con los padres (OR 2,68; IC 95%: 1,225,85) y mejor relación con amigos (OR 0,46; IC 95%: 0,26-0,82). Hubo diferencias al estratificar por nivel socioeconómico: en el nivel alto, el rendimiento insuficiente fue más frecuente en adolescentes conpercepción de menor autonomía y, en el nivel medio-bajo, en adolescentes con peor percepción del entorno escolar. Conclusión. El rendimiento académico se asoció a dimensiones psicosociales de la salud, como sus relaciones familiares, con amigos, autonomía y entorno escolar.

Introduction. Chronic conditions (CCs) in the early stages of life may have an impact on various dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. Objective. To compare HRQoL in children with confirmed CCs, reported CCs, and without CC. Population and Method. Cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 in the context of a larger research study carried out at schools in Córdoba and Bahía Blanca, and at Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires and Hospital Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan at Buenos Aires. The presence of a chronic condition was established by medical diagnosis at the hospital or as reported by schoolchildren's caregivers. Eight-to-twelve year-old children completed the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire on HRQoL, a pubertal development scale, and a family financial resource scale. The association between CCs and HRQoL adjusted by sex, age, pubertal development, maternal education level, and socioeconomic level was estimated. Results. Six hundred and seventy children/ caregiver dyads participated; 13.3% (n= 89) had confirmed CCs, 14.5% (n= 97) were schoolchildren with reported CCs, and the rest corresponded to healthy schoolchildren. Their average age was 10.2 years old (standard deviation= 1.01); 54.8% were girls. Having a confirmed CC was associated with a higher frequency of low physical wellbeing (odds ratio |-OR-|: 2.61; 95% confidence interval |-95% CI-|:1.43-4.76), while the presence of a reported CC was associated with a low score in psychological well-being (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.06-3.63), self-perception (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28-3.87), and parent relations (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.21-3.44). Conclusions. Children with confirmed CCs showed a higher frequency of physical discomfort, and those with reported CCs showed discomfort in psychosocial areas compared to children without CCs.

Introducción. Los trastornos crónicos (TC) en etapas tempranas de la vida pueden influir en diferentes dimensiones de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los niños/as. Objetivo. Comparar la CVRS de niños/as con TC confirmados, con TC declarados y sin TC. Población y método. Estudio transversal en el marco de una investigación mayor realizada en escuelas de Córdoba y Bahía Blanca, y en los hospitales Italiano y Garrahan de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en 2012. La presencia de TC fue establecida por diagnóstico médico en hospitales o por declaración de sus cuidadores en escolares. Los niños/as de 8 a 12 años respondieron el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 sobre CVRS, una escala de desarrollo puberal y una escala de recursos económicos familiares. Los cuidadores indicaron el nivel educativo materno. Se estimó la asociación entre TC y CVRS ajustada por sexo, edad, desarrollo puberal, nivel educativo materno y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados. Participaron 670 duplas niños/as-cuidadores, 13,3% (n= 89) con TC confirmados (muestras de hospitales), 14,5% (n= 97) escolares con trastornos declarados y el resto eran escolares sanos. La edad promedio fue 10,2 años (desvío estándar= 1,01); 54,8% fueron niñas. Tener TC confirmados se asoció a una mayor frecuencia de bajo bienestar físico (OR 2,61; IC 95%: 1,43-4,76), mientras que la presencia de TC declarados se asoció con bajas puntuaciones en bienestar psicológico (OR 1,96; IC 95%: 1,063,63), autopercepción (OR 2,22; IC 95%: 1,283,87) y relación con los padres (OR 2,04; IC 95%: 1,21-3,44). Conclusiones. Los niños/as con TC confirmados mostraron con mayor frecuencia malestar físico y los que tenían TC declarados manifestaron malestar en áreas psicosociales, en comparación con los niños/as sin trastorno.