Monitoring traumatic dental injury (TDI) in primary teeth through epidemiological cross-sectional surveys provides descriptive information relevant to the development of public policies focused on the prevention of such injuries for the target population. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of TDI in 5- to 6-year-old Brazilian children and its association with biological and socioeconomic factors. A total of 684 children aged 5 to 6 years old, from 11 public schools in the city of Barueri (Brazil) were evaluated. Clinical examinations were carried out in the schools, by two trained and calibrated examiners. Gauze and a mouth mirror were used for the examinations. The reported TDIs were classified according to the Andreasen (2007) criteria for primary teeth. The results showed that 52.3% of the children had TDI. Enamel fracture (63.4%) was the most frequently observed sign of TDI, and the most affected teeth were the primary maxillary central incisors (26.9% maxillary right central incisor and 24% maxillary left central incisor). There was no association between the presence of TDI and biological or socioeconomic factors. In conclusion, the prevalence of TDI was high and had no statistically significant association with biological and socioeconomic factors.

FUNDAMENTOS: A terapêutica fotodinâmica (TFD) é técnica de tratamento em que são aplicadas, nos tecidos, substâncias fotossensibilizantes, posteriormente ativadas com luzes de comprimentos de onda específicos, com a finalidade de produzir destruição celular, por meio da ação de produtos citotóxicos fotoativados. Tal método tem sido utilizado em diversos tipos de neoplasias cutâneas, com resultados bastante entusiasmadores. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito de uma única sessão de terapêutica fotodinâmica (TFD) com ácido delta aminolevulínico (ALA) tópico, estimulado por luz não coerente, em ceratoses actínicas (CAC), carcinomas basocelulares (CBC) superficiais e doenças de Bowen (DB). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Utilizando uma fonte de luz não coerente, emitida por protótipo desenvolvido no Serviço de Engenharia Biomédica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), para ativar o ácido delta-aminolevulínico (ALA) a 20%, aplicado com oclusão, foram tradadas 80 lesões cutâneas, em 52 pacientes. Entre as lesões, 32 (40%) eram carcinomas basocelulares superficiais, 37 (46,3%) ceratoses actinícas e 11 (13,7%) doenças de Bowen. Em 23 casos (28,7%), além das características clínicas, o diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia e exame histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Não foi possível obter o seguimento de cinco lesões tratadas. Das 75 lesões que puderam ser avaliadas, 41 (54,6%) apresentaram cura, 22 (29,4%) apresentaram melhora, e 12 (16,0%) permaneceram inalteradas, tendo o tratamento sido considerado ineficaz nestas últimas. Das 35 ceratoses actínicas, 23 (65,7%) obtiveram cura, 7 (20%) melhoraram, e cinco (14,3%) não responderam ao tratamento.Trinta carcinomas basocelulares superficiais foram tratados, com cura em 10 (33,3%), melhora em 13 (43,4%) e sem alterações em sete (23,3%). Dos 10 casos de doença de Bowen avaliados, oito (80%) curaram e dois (20%) melhoraram. Os efeitos colaterais observados foram ardência em 24 lesões (32%), dor em cinco (6,7%) e prurido em um caso (1,3%). A maioria dos casos (60%) apresentou boa tolerância ao tratamento, não havendo efeitos paralelos dignos de nota. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos no trabalho assemelham-se, em parte, aos relatados na literatura com aplicação única da terapêutica fotodinâmica com ácido delta-aminolevulínico em neoplasias queratinocíticas superficiais, principalmente nas ceratoses actínicas e na doença de Bowen.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment technique in which photosensitizing substances are applied in tissues and excited with specific wavelengths of light energy to obtain cell destruction through photoactive cytotoxic substances. This method has been used in several skin neoplasms, with quite successful results. OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of one single session of topical delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) irradiated with incoherent light, in actinic keratosis (AK), superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and Bowen's disease (BD). PATIENT AND METHODS: Eighty skin lesions, in 52 patients, were treated with an incoherent light source prototype built by the Service of Biomedical Engineering of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), after the application of 20% ALA under occlusion. Thirty two (40%) were superficial BCC, 37 (46.3%) AK, and 11 (13.7%) BD. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and histology in 23 cases (28.7%). RESULTS: Follow up was not available in five lesions. From the remaining 75, 41 (54.6%) were completely resolved, 22 (29.4%) showed partial remission, and 12 (16.0%) were considered as treatment failures. Considering the 35 treated AK, 23 (65.7%) presented complete response, 7 (20%) improved, and 5 (14.3%) showed no benefit after treatment. Thirty BCC were treated, 10 (33.3%) completely resolved, 13 (43.4%) improved, and 7 (23.3%) remained unaffected. From 10 treated BD, 8 (80%) resolved and 2 (20%) improved. Observed side effects were burning sensation in 24 lesions (32%), pain in 5 (6.7%), and itch in one case (1.3%). Most patients (60%) did not experience any important side effects. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are similar, in part, to the results of other studies present in the literature that used a single treatment with ALA/PDT for superficial keratinocytic neoplasms, especially for actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between cardiovascular risk factors and acute myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of ischemic heart disease, correlating them with coronary angiographic findings. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 104 patients with previous acute myocardial infarction, who were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of angina prior to acute myocardial infarction. We assessed the presence of angina preceding acute myocardial infarction and risk factors, such as age >55 years, male sex, smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, lipid profile, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and familial history of ischemic heart disease. On coronary angiography, the severity of coronary heart disease and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 104 patients studied, 72.1% were males, 90.4% were white, 73.1% were older than 55 years, and 53.8% were hypertensive. Acute myocardial infarction was the first manifestation of ischemic heart disease in 49% of the patients. The associated risk factors were systemic arterial hypertension (RR=0.19; 95% CI=0.06-0.59; P=0.04) and left ventricular hypertrophy (RR=0.27; 95% CI=0,.8-0.88; P=0.03). The remaining risk factors were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of acute myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of ischemic heart disease is high, approximately 50%. Hypertensive individuals more frequently have symptoms preceding acute myocardial infarction, probably due to ventricular hypertrophy associated with high blood pressure levels.