Abstract Background This study evaluated the efficacy of epidurally administered magnesium associated with local anesthetics on postoperative pain control. Methods The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021231910. Literature searches were conducted on Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials comparing epidural administration of magnesium added to local anesthetics for postoperative pain in elective surgical adult patients. Primary outcomes were the time to the first Postoperative (PO) Analgesic Request (TFAR), 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at the first six and 24 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes included Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV), pruritus, and shivering. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Results Seventeen studies comparing epidural were included. Effect estimates are described as weighted Mean Differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) for the main outcomes: TFAR (MD = 72.4 min; 95% CI = 10.22-134.58 min; p < 0.001; I2= 99.8%; GRADE: very low); opioid consumption (MD = -7.2 mg (95% CI = -9.30 - -5.09; p < 0.001; I2= 98%; GRADE: very low). VAS pain scores within the first six PO hours (VAS) (MD = -1.01 cm; 95% CI = -1.40-0.64 cm; p < 0.001; I2= 88%; GRADE: very low), at 24 hours (MD = -0.56 cm; 95% CI = -1.14-0.01 cm; p= 0.05; I2= 97%; GRADE: very low). Conclusions Magnesium sulfate delayed TFAR and decreased 24-hour opioid consumption and early postoperative pain intensity. However, imprecision and inconsistency pervaded meta-analyses, causing very low certainty of effect estimates.

Resumo Fundamento Amiloidose sistêmica é uma doença com manifestações clínicas diversas. O diagnóstico envolve suspeita clínica, aliada a métodos complementares. Objetivo Descrever o perfil clínico, laboratorial, eletrocardiográfico e de imagem no acometimento cardíaco da amiloidose sistêmica. Métodos Estudo de uma amostra de conveniência, analisando dados clínicos, laboratoriais, eletrocardiográficos, ecocardiográficos, medicina nuclear e ressonância magnética. Considerou-se significância estatística quando p < 0,05. Resultados Avaliaram-se 105 pacientes (com mediana de idade de 66 anos), sendo 62 homens, dos quais 83 indivíduos apresentavam amiloidose por transtirretina (ATTR) e 22 amiloidose por cadeia leve (AL). Na ATTR, 68,7% eram de caráter hereditário (ATTRh) e 31,3% do tipo selvagem (ATTRw). As mutações mais prevalentes foram Val142Ile (45,6%) e Val50Met (40,3%). O tempo de início dos sintomas ao diagnóstico foi 0,54 e 2,15 anos nas formas AL e ATTR (p < 0,001), respectivamente. O acometimento cardíaco foi observado em 77,9% dos ATTR e 90,9% dos AL. Observaram-se alterações de condução atrioventricular em 20% e intraventricular em 27,6% dos pacientes, sendo 33,7 % na ATTR e 4,5% das AL (p = 0,006). A forma ATTRw apresentou mais arritmias atriais que os ATTRh (61,5% x 22,8%; p = 0,001). Ao ecocardiograma a mediana da espessura do septo na ATTRw x ATTRh x AL foi de 15 mm x 12 mm x 11 mm (p = 0,193). Observou-se BNP elevado em 89,5% dos indivíduos (mediana 249 ng/mL, IQR 597,7) e elevação da troponina em 43,2%. Conclusão Foi possível caracterizar, em nosso meio, o acometimento cardíaco na amiloidose sistêmica, em seus diferentes subtipos, através da história clínica e dos métodos diagnósticos descritos.

Abstract Background Systemic amyloidosis is a disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion combined with specific complementary methods. Objective To describe the clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and imaging profile in patients with systemic amyloidosis with cardiac involvement. Methods This study was conducted with a convenience sample, analyzing clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance data. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 105 patients were evaluated (median age of 66 years), 62 of whom were male. Of all patients, 83 had transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, and 22 had light chain (AL) amyloidosis. With respect to ATTR cases, 68.7% were the hereditary form (ATTRh), and 31.3% were wild type (ATTRw). The most prevalent mutations were Val142Ile (45.6%) and Val50Met (40.3%). Time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 0.54 and 2.15 years, in the AL and ATTR forms, respectively (p < 0.001). Cardiac involvement was observed in 77.9% of patients with ATTR and in 90.9% of those with AL. Alterations were observed in atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction in 20% and 27.6% of patients, respectively, with 33.7% in ATTR and 4.5% in AL (p = 0.006). In the ATTRw form, there were more atrial arrhythmias than in ATTRh (61.5% versus 22.8%; p = 0.001). On echocardiogram, median septum thickness in ATTRw, ATTRh, and AL was 15 mm, 12 mm, and 11 mm, respectively (p = 0.193). Elevated BNP was observed in 89.5% of patients (median 249, ICR 597.7), and elevated troponin was observed in 43.2%. Conclusion In this setting, it was possible to characterize cardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis in its different subtypes by means of clinical history and the diagnostic methods described.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência dos fenótipos eosinofílico e alérgico da asma grave no Brasil e investigar as características clínicas dos pacientes com asma grave no país. Métodos: Estudo transversal com pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de asma grave atendidos em centros especializados no Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em 2019. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 385 pacientes. Destes, 154 apresentavam contagem de eosinófilos no sangue > 300 células/mm3 e 231 apresentavam contagem de eosinófilos no sangue ≤ 300 células/mm3. A mediana da idade foi de 54,0 anos, e a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, com IMC de 29,0 kg/m2 e história de alergia (81,6%). A prevalência de pacientes com contagem de eosinófilos no sangue > 300 células/mm3 foi de 40,0% (IC95%: 35,1-44,9), e a daqueles com contagem de eosinófilos no sangue > 300 células/mm3 e história de alergia foi de 31,9% (IC95%: 27,3-36,6). A idade e o IMC apresentaram associações positivas com contagem de eosinófilos no sangue > 300 células/mm3 (OR = 0,97, p < 0,0001 e OR = 0,96, p = 0,0233, respectivamente), ao passo que o tempo decorrido desde o início dos sintomas de asma apresentou associação aumentada com contagem de eosinófilos no sangue > 300 células/mm3 (OR = 1,02, p = 0,0011). Conclusões: Este estudo possibilitou a caracterização da população de pacientes com asma grave no Brasil, mostrando a prevalência do fenótipo eosinofílico (em 40% da amostra). Nossos resultados revelam a relevância do fenótipo eosinofílico da asma grave em nível nacional, contribuindo para aumentar a eficácia no manejo da doença e na implantação de estratégias de saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence of the eosinophilic and allergic phenotypes of severe asthma in Brazil, as well as to investigate the clinical characteristics of severe asthma patients in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adult patients diagnosed with severe asthma and managed at specialized centers in Brazil. The study was conducted in 2019. Results: A total of 385 patients were included in the study. Of those, 154 had a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 and 231 had a blood eosinophil count of ≤ 300 cells/mm3. The median age was 54.0 years, and most of the patients were female, with a BMI of 29.0 kg/m2 and a history of allergy (81.6%). The prevalence of patients with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 was 40.0% (95% CI: 35.1-44.9), and that of those with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 and a history of allergy was 31.9% (95% CI: 27.3-36.6). Age and BMI showed positive associations with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 (OR = 0.97, p < 0.0001; and OR = 0.96, p = 0.0233, respectively), whereas the time elapsed since the onset of asthma symptoms showed an increased association with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 (OR = 1.02, p = 0.0011). Conclusions: This study allowed us to characterize the population of severe asthma patients in Brazil, showing the prevalence of the eosinophilic phenotype (in 40% of the sample). Our results reveal the relevance of the eosinophilic phenotype of severe asthma at a national level, contributing to increased effectiveness in managing the disease and implementing public health strategies.

Abstract Background Postoperative pulmonary complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality after pulmonary resection. This study was undertaken to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in pulmonary resection patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. Methods A retrospective data gathering from 196 patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 2012 and 2016 was conducted. Demographic and hospital admission data were collected from patients with complete medical records. Univariate analysis was performed, followed by Poisson's regression for predicting the prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay. Results Thirty-nine patients (20%) displayed pulmonary complications in the postoperative period. The risk factors associated with an increased prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications in a multivariate analysis were: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) ≥ 3 (PR 4.77, p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.46), predicted diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide- corrected single breath (PR 0.98, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99) and age of the patient (PR 1.04; p = 0.01; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.06). Those associated with an increased prevalence of prolonged hospital stay were: duration of surgical procedure longer than five hours (PR 6.94, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.66 to 12.23), male sex (PR 5.72, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.87 to 9.58), and presence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PR 11.92, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.42 to 16.42). Conclusions The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications in the study population is in line with the world average. Recognizing risk factors for the development of PPCs may help optimize allocation resources and preventive efforts.

Abstract Introduction: Several studies have shown a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, proteinuria and chronic kidney disease in indigenous populations. Aim: To detect cardiovascular and renal risk factors, hypertension, overweight and obesity, truncal obesity, diabetes and proteinuria, and to evaluate educational level, employment situation, socioeconomic level and health care coverage in subjects from the Wichi ethnic group who inhabit in "El Impenetrable” in Chaco. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, with a random sample of subjects over 18 years of age. The semi-structured survey, translated into the Wichi language, included: age, sex, sedentary lifestyle, smoking habit, educational level, employment situation, health care coverage and socioeconomic level. Weight, height, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and proteinuria were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Results: 156 people were evaluated (58.3% men; age: 34 ± 12 years). The body mass index was 27.9 ± 5.3, with no difference between the sexes. Hypertension was present in 10.8% of individuals; overweight in 34.0%; obesity in 30.9%; truncal obesity in 40.1% (higher in women, p = 0.03); smoking habit in 17.4%; sedentary lifestyle in 83.3%, and proteinuria in 14.5%. A single case of diabetes was registered. Only 6.4% reported having a job, 49.3% had not completed primary studies, 61.7% qualified as marginal in terms of socioeconomic status, and only 3.8% had health care coverage. Conclusion: This population group shows a high degree of food, educational, occupational, social and health vulnerability, reflected in the high prevalence of cardiovascular and renal risk factors (particularly excess weight and truncal obesity), in the low educational, employment and socioeconomic levels, and in the lack of health coverage.

Resumen Introducción: Varios estudios han demostrado en poblaciones indígenas alta prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, proteinuria y enfermedad renal crónica. Objetivo: Detectar factores de riesgo cardiovascular y renal, hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad central, diabetes y proteinuria, y evaluar nivel educativo, situación laboral, nivel socioeconómico y cobertura de salud en sujetos de la etnia wichi, habitantes de “El Impenetrable” chaqueño. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional, de corte transversal, con muestra aleatoria de sujetos mayores de 18 años. La encuesta semiestructurada, y traducida a lengua wichi, incluyó: edad, sexo, sedentarismo, tabaquismo, nivel educativo, situación laboral, cobertura de salud y nivel socioeconómico. Se midió peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, glucemia y proteinuria. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal. Resultados: Se evaluaron 156 personas (el 58,3% varones, edad 34 ± 12 años). El índice de masa corporal fue de 27,9 ± 5,3, sin diferencia entre sexos. Presentó hipertensión arterial el 10,8%, sobrepeso el 34,0%, obesidad el 30,9%, obesidad central el 40,1% (mayor en mujeres, p= 0,03), tabaquismo el 17,4%, sedentarismo el 83,3%, y proteinuria el 14,5%. Se registró un único caso de diabetes. Solo 6,4% refirió trabajar, el 49,3% no había finalizado estudios primarios, el 61,7% calificó como marginal en el nivel socioeconómico, y solo el 3,8% tenía cobertura de salud. Conclusión: Este grupo poblacional evidencia un alto grado de vulnerabilidad alimentaria, educativa, laboral, social y sanitaria, reflejado en la alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y renal (en particular exceso de peso y obesidad central), en el bajo nivel educativo, laboral y socioeconómico, y en la falta de cobertura de salud.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentesprétratamentosna resistência de união (RU) de cimentos deionômero de vidro (CIV) a dentina. Sessenta incisivos bovinosforam alocados em 6 grupos de acordo com o substrato –hígido ou cariado; e com a abordagem de prétratamento–sem condicionamento (controle), ácido poliacrílico por 10 s, eácido fosfórico por 7 s. Os dentes pertencentes aos grupos dedentina cariada foram previamente submetidos ao desafiocariogênico por meio da ciclagem de pH. Após o prétratamentoda dentina, de acordo com os grupos experimentais,tubos de polietileno foram colocados sobre superfícies planas dedentina e preenchidos com CIV. Os dentes foram armazenadosem água destilada por 24 h a 37°C e então submetidos ao testede microcisalhamento (0,5 mm/min). A análise do padrão defratura foi realizada em estereomicroscópio (400x). Os dadosobtidos foram analisados usando ANOVA de dois fatores e testede Tukey (α=5%). Diferença estatisticamente significante foiencontrada para as diferentes abordagens de prétratamento,independente do substrato (pp<0,001). Aplicação de ácidopoliacrílico resultou em valores de RU similares aos do grupocontrole. Entretanto, ambos os grupos mostraram um melhordesempenho quando comparado a aplicação de ácidofosfórico. De forma geral, CIV apresentou melho5 desempenhoadesivo em dentina sadia quando comparada a dentinacariada. Em conclusão, o prétratamentoem dentina comácido poliacrílico não melhora o desempenho das restauraçõesde CIV em substratos clinicamente relevantes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the influence of differentpretreatmentapproaches on glass ionomer cement (GIC)bond strength (BS) to dentine. Sixty bovine incisors wereallocated into six groups according to substrate – sound orcariesaffecteddentine; and substrate pretreatmentapproach –no conditioning (control), polyacrylic acid for 10 s andphosphoric acid for 7 s. Teeth in the cariesaffecteddentinegroup were previously submitted to cariogenic pHcyclingchallenge. After dentine pretreatment,according to experi mentalgroups, polyethylene tubes were placed on flat dentinesurfaces and filled with GIC. Teeth were stored in distilledwater for 24 h at 37 °C and then submitted to microshear test(0.5 mm/min). Failure pattern analysis was performed understereomicroscope (400x). Data were analysed using twowayANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=5%). Statistically significantdifferences were found for the pretreatmentapproach,regardless of substrate (p<0.001). The polyacrylic acid groupand control group had similar BS values, and were both betterthan the phosphoric acid group. In general, GIC had betterbonding performance in sound dentine than in cariesaffecteddentine. In conclusion, dentine pretreatmentwith polyacrylicacid did not improve the performance of GIC restoration onclinically relevant substrates.

RESUMO A migrânea é uma condição dolorosa crônica com fisiopatologia complexa. Apesar de disfunções imunológicas já terem sido ligadas à migrânea, poucas foram as tentativas, na literatura, de se avaliar a possibilidade da rinite alérgica como um fator agravante da migrânea em adultos, tornando a questão ainda não esclarecida. Objetivo Esta pesquisa visou comparar a incapacidade da migrânea em adultos com e sem rinite alérgica. Métodos Este estudo transversal incluiu 118 adultos com migrânea consecutivamente atendidos em uma clínica ambulatorial. Após o exame neurológico usual, os participantes foram avaliados com relação à incapacidade gerada pela cefaleia com o Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), assim como para a presença atual de rinite alérgica, rinoconjuntivite alérgica e rinite alérgica sazonal de acordo com o questionário do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Resultados Não houve diferença nos escores do MIDAS entre migranosos com e sem alérgica, rinoconjuntivite alérgica e rinite alérgica sazonal. A incapacidade causada pelos sintomas alérgicos também não influenciou os escores do MIDAS dos pacientes com rinite alérgica. A frequência de dias com cefaleia durante os últimos 3 meses foi maior no subgrupo de pacientes sem rinite alérgica (mediana e intervalo interquartil 12 [8–19,2] vs. 8 [4–14]; p = 0,03). Conclusões Os resultados sugerem que rinite alérgica, rinoconjuntivite alérgica e rinite alérgica sazonal não estão relacionadas à incapacidade por cefaleia em pacientes adultos com migrânea episódica.

ABSTRACT Migraine is a chronic condition with complex pathophysiology. Although immunologic disturbances have been linked to migraine, only few attempts have been made to assess the possibility of allergic rhinitis as a worsening factor of migraine in adults. Objective This survey aimed to compare migraine disability between adult migraineurs with and without current allergic rhinitis. Methods This cross-sectional study comprised 118 adult migraineurs who were consecutively assisted at an outpatient clinic. After ordinary neurological evaluation, participants were evaluated for headache disability using the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). The presence of current allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis was scored for each participant according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in questionnaire. Results There was no significant difference between the MIDAS scores of those with current allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, or seasonal allergic rhinitis and nonatopic migraineurs. The disability caused by allergic symptoms also did not influence the MIDAS scores of patients with allergic rhinitis. The frequency of headache days during the last three months was higher in the subset of patients without allergic rhinitis (median and interquartile range 12 [8–19.2] vs. 8 [4–14]; p = 0.03). Conclusions Our results suggest that current allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and seasonal allergic rhinitis are not related to headache disability in adults with episodic migraine.

ABSTRACT Objective This is the first time that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-disaster stress (CBT-PD) in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been tested outside the United States of America. Design Quasi-experiment with three groups. In the quasi-control group, complete CBT-PD was applied even though its members did not have PTSD; in quasi-experimental conditions, participants received complete treatment because they had this diagnosis; and in the third group, participants with PTSD received an abbreviated treatment (double sessions) due to organisational requirements. Location Primary health care workers in Constitución (Chile), city exposed to earthquake and tsunami; public department workers in Talca (city exposed only to earthquake) and teachers from a school (Constitución). Participants A total of 13 of the 91 people diagnosed with PTSD participated. In addition, 16 people without diagnosis voluntarily participated. The treatment was completed by 29 participants. There were no dropouts. Only 1 of the 9 participants in the quasi-experimental group did not respond to treatment. Interventions CBT-PD is a group therapy (10-12 sessions) that includes psychoeducation, breathing retraining, behavioural activation and cognitive restructuring. CBT-PD (complete and abbreviated) was applied between September and December 2010. Measurements Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) was used to measure PTSD symptoms before and after treatment. Results The group that received the complete treatment and was diagnosed with PTSD showed a significant decrease in the total symptoms to below dangerous levels (IGAAB: 31.556; p <0.01; 95%CI: 0.21-2.01; η2 = 0.709). Discussion The effectiveness and benefits of incorporating CBT-PD in the health network after events like disasters were discussed.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el estrés posdesastre (TCC-PD) en síntomas de estrés postraumático (TEPT) por primera vez fuera de los Estados Unidos. Diseño Cuasiexperimental con tres grupos. Al grupo de cuasicontrol se le aplicó la TCC-PD completa pese a que sus miembros no tenían diagnóstico de TEPT; el grupo cuasiexperimental recibió el tratamiento completo porque sus miembros tenían ese diagnóstico. En el tercer grupo, las personas con TEPT recibieron un tratamiento abreviado (sesiones dobles) por exigencias organizativas. Emplazamiento Trabajadores de atención primaria de salud de Constitución (Chile), ciudad expuesta al terremoto y tsunami; trabajadores de un servicio público de Talca (ciudad expuesta solo al terremoto) y profesores de escuela (Constitución). Participantes Participaron 13 de las 91 personas diagnosticadas de TEPT; además, 16 personas sin diagnóstico participaron voluntariamente. Finalizaron el tratamiento 29 personas. No se produjeron abandonos. Solo uno de los nueve participantes del grupo cuasiexperimental no respondió al tratamiento. Intervenciones La TCC-PD es una terapia grupal (10-12 sesiones) que incluye psicoeducación, reentrenamiento respiratorio, activación conductual y reestructuración cognitiva. Se aplicó TCC-PD (completa y abreviada) entre septiembre y diciembre de 2010. Mediciones principales Para medir síntomas de TEPT se utilizó la Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E), antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados Solo el grupo que recibió el tratamiento completo y fue diagnosticado de TEPT disminuyó significativamente sus síntomas por debajo de los niveles peligrosos (IGAAB: 31,556; p <0,01; IC95%: 0,21-2,01; η2= 0,709). Conclusiones Se comprueban la efectividad y los beneficios de incorporar la TCC-PD en la red de salud después de desastres.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar e comparar as concentrações de eletrólitos e minerais no leite humano em três grupos: amostras analisadas antes e após pasteurização de lactantes doadoras a termo e amostra de leite cru colhida à beira do leito de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Foram dosadas concentrações de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em amostras aleatórias de leite humano nos três grupos. As amostras foram analisadas por mineralização ácida assistida por radiação micro-ondas e posteriormente por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e expressas em mg/L, com cálculo de médias e desvio padrão. A comparação entre os grupos foi feita por análise de variância (ANOVA)/teste de Tukey. Nível de significância aceito de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se redução significante dos teores de Ca (259,4±96,8 vs. 217,0±54,9; p=0,003), P (139,1±51,7 vs. 116,8±33,3; p=0,004) e K (580,8±177,1 vs. 470,9±109,4; p<0,0001) após a pasteurização. As amostras de leite cru colhidas à beira do leito apresentaram teores estatisticamente mais elevados de Na (2 vezes) do que o leite a termo de doadora. Ca e P só atingiriam a ingestão recomendada pela European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition se o leite materno fosse ofertado em volume de 60 mL a cada 3 horas. Concentrações de Mg não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: Houve uma redução significativa de Ca, P e K nas amostras após pasteurização e os valores de Na no leite cru coletado à beira do leito foram superiores àqueles pré-pasteurização.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine and compare the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in three different types of maternal milk samples: term donor milk before pasteurization, term donor milk after pasteurization and raw milk of mothers of preterm newborns at bedside. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were measured in random samples of three human breast milk groups. Samples were analyzed using acid mineralization assisted by microwave radiation and further analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Concentrations were expressed in mg/L, described as mean and standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test were applied to determine the variability between the means of each group. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: There was a significant reduction in the content of Ca (259.4±96.8 vs. 217.0±54.9; p=0.003), P (139.1±51.7 vs. 116.8±33.3; p=0.004) and K (580.8±177.1 vs. 470.9±109.4; p<0.0001) in donor maternal milk before and after pasteurization. Samples of raw milk presented higher contents of Na than the donated milk (twice). The elements P and Ca would only reach the daily intake levels recommended by the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition if at least 60 mL of milk could be offered every 3 hours. Mg levels were not different between the three groups. Conclusions: There was a significant reduction in Ca, P and K levels in samples after pasteurization. The Na value in raw milk, collected at bedside, was higher than in the samples of donor’s milk before pasteurization.

ABSTRACT Objective This is the first time that the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-disaster stress (CBT-PD) in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been tested outside the United States of America. Design Quasi-experiment with three groups. In the quasi-control group, complete CBT-PD was applied even though its members did not have PTSD; in quasi-experimental conditions, participants received complete treatment because they had this diagnosis; and in the third group, participants with PTSD received an abbreviated treatment (double sessions) due to organisational requirements. Location Primary health care workers in Constitución (Chile), city exposed to earthquake and tsunami; public department workers in Talca (city exposed only to earthquake) and teachers from a school (Constitución). Participants A total of 13 of the 91 people diagnosed with PTSD participated. In addition, 16 people without diagnosis voluntarily participated. The treatment was completed by 29 participants. There were no dropouts. Only 1 of the 9 participants in the quasi-experimental group did not respond to treatment. Interventions CBT-PD is a group therapy (10-12 sessions) that includes psychoeducation, breathing retraining, behavioural activation and cognitive restructuring. CBT-PD (complete and abbreviated) was applied between September and December 2010. Measurements Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) was used to measure PTSD symptoms before and after treatment. Results The group that received the complete treatment and was diagnosed with PTSD showed a significant decrease in the total symptoms to below dangerous levels (IGAAB: 31.556; p <0.01; 95%CI: 0.21-2.01; η2 = 0.709). Discussion The effectiveness and benefits of incorporating CBT-PD in the health network after events like disasters were discussed.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el estrés posdesastre (TCC-PD) en síntomas de estrés postraumático (TEPT) por primera vez fuera de los Estados Unidos. Diseño Cuasiexperimental con tres grupos. Al grupo de cuasicontrol se le aplicó la TCC-PD completa pese a que sus miembros no tenían diagnóstico de TEPT; el grupo cuasiexperimental recibió el tratamiento completo porque sus miembros tenían ese diagnóstico. En el tercer grupo, las personas con TEPT recibieron un tratamiento abreviado (sesiones dobles) por exigencias organizativas. Emplazamiento Trabajadores de atención primaria de salud de Constitución (Chile), ciudad expuesta al terremoto y tsunami; trabajadores de un servicio público de Talca (ciudad expuesta solo al terremoto) y profesores de escuela (Constitución). Participantes Participaron 13 de las 91 personas diagnosticadas de TEPT; además, 16 personas sin diagnóstico participaron voluntariamente. Finalizaron el tratamiento 29 personas. No se produjeron abandonos. Solo uno de los nueve participantes del grupo cuasiexperimental no respondió al tratamiento. Intervenciones La TCC-PD es una terapia grupal (10-12 sesiones) que incluye psicoeducación, reentrenamiento respiratorio, activación conductual y reestructuración cognitiva. Se aplicó TCC-PD (completa y abreviada) entre septiembre y diciembre de 2010. Mediciones principales Para medir síntomas de TEPT se utilizó la Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E), antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados Solo el grupo que recibió el tratamiento completo y fue diagnosticado de TEPT disminuyó significativamente sus síntomas por debajo de los niveles peligrosos (IGAAB: 31,556; p <0,01; IC95%: 0,21-2,01; η2= 0,709). Conclusiones Se comprueban la efectividad y los beneficios de incorporar la TCC-PD en la red de salud después de desastres.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar por meio de ultrassom tridimensional (US-3D) a posição e o ângulo entre os braços da faixa, em diferentes técnicas de inserção de sling de uretra média, para tratamento de incontinência urinária de esforço, 3 anos após a cirurgia, correlacionando os achados ultrassonográficos aos resultados clínicos pós-operatórios. Métodos Este é umestudo de coorte transversal prospectivo de 170 pacientes que se submeteram a um procedimento de sling entremaio de 2009 e dezembro de 2011. Foi possível avaliar as imagens de US em 105 pacientes: 26 com tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), 42 com tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) e 37 com tension-free vaginal tape-Secur (TVT-S). As imagens (em repouso, em manobra de Valsalva e em contração perineal) foram analisadas por dois observadores diferentes, que desconheciam o tipo de sling utilizado na cirurgia, assimcomo as queixas da paciente. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis, e análise de variância com comparações múltiplas de Tukey. Resultados As médias dos ângulos entre os braços da faixa foram: TVT = 119,94°, TVT-O = 141,93°, TVT-S = 121,06° (p < 0,001). As médias das distâncias entre o colo vesical e a faixa, em repouso, foram: TVT = 1,65 cm, TVT-O = 1,93 cm, TVTS = 1,95 cm (p = 0,010). A taxa de cura objetiva dos slings foi de 87,8% (TVT = 88,5%, TVT-O = 90,5% e TVT-S = 83,8%; p = 0,701). A taxa de cura subjetiva foi de 83,8% (TVT = 88,5%, TVT-O = 88,5% e TVT-S = 78,4%; p = 0,514). Os slings estavam na uretra média em 85,7% (TVT = 100%, TVT-O = 73,8% e TVT-S = 89,2%; p = 0,001) dos pacientes, e a localização mais distal foi associada a obesidade (distal: 66,7% obesas; uretra média: 34% obesas; p = 0.003). Os sintomas de urgência foram observados em 23,8% das pacientes (TVT = 30,8%, TVT-O = 21,4%, TVT-S = 21,6%; p = 0,630). Não houve diferenças significativas quando se comparam os achados ultrassonográficos e os grupos de pacientes com sintomas de urgência, cura subjetiva e objetiva. Conclusão O ângulo formado pelos braços da faixa foi mais obtuso noTVT-Oquando comparado com o TVT ou o TVT-S. Os TVTs foram localizados mais frequentemente na uretra média quando comparados com os outros dois grupos, mesmo em pacientes obesas. Entretanto, as medidas ultrassonográficas não tiveram correlação com os sintomas urinários três anos após a cirurgia.

Abstract Objective Using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US), we aimed to compare the tape position and the angle formed by the sling arms in different techniques of midurethral sling insertion for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence, three years after surgery. In addition, we examined the correlations between the US findings and the clinical late postoperative results. Methods A prospective cross-sectional cohort study of 170 patients who underwent a sling procedure between May 2009 and December 2011 was performed. The final sample, with US images of sufficient quality, included 26 retropubic slings (tension-free vaginal tape, TVT), 42 transobturator slings (tension-free vaginal tape-obturator, TVTO), and 37 single-incision slings (tension-free vaginal tape-Secur, TVT-S). The images (at rest, during the Valsalva maneuver, and during pelvic floor contraction) were analyzed offline by 2 different observers blinded against the surgical and urinary continence status. Group comparisons were performed using the Student t-test, the chi-squared and the Kruskal-Wallis tests, and analyses of variance with Tukey multiple comparisons. Results Differences among the groups were found in themean angle of the tape arms (TVT = 119.94°, TVT-O = 141.93°, TVT-S = 121.06°; p < 0.001) and in the distance between the bladder neck and the tape at rest (TVT = 1.65 cm, TVT-O = 1.93 cm, TVTS = 1.95 cm; p = 0.010). The global objective cure rate was of 87.8% (TVT = 88.5%, TVT-O = 90.5%, TVT-S = 83.8%; p = 0.701). The overall subjective cure rate was of 83.8% (TVT = 88.5%, TVT-O = 88.5% and TVT-S = 78.4%; p = 0.514). The slings were located in the mid-urethra in 85.7% of the patients (TVT = 100%, TVT-O = 73.8%, TVTS = 89.2%; p = 0.001), with a more distal location associated with obesity (distal: 66.7% obese; mid-urethra: 34% obese; p = 0.003). Urgency-related symptoms were observed in 23.8% of the patients (TVT = 30.8%, TVT-O = 21.4%, TVT-S = 21.6%; p = 0.630). Conclusions The angle formed by the arms of the sling tape was more obtuse for the transobturator slings compared with the angles for the retropubic or single-incision slings. Retropubic slings were more frequently located in the mid-urethra compared with the other slings, regardless of obesity. However, the analyzed sonographic measures did not correlate with the urinary symptoms three years after the surgery.

Background: Traumatic experiences during childhood may influence the development of mental disorders during adulthood. Aim: To determine clinical and psychosocial variables that are associated with a higher frequency of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in patients who consult for depression in Primary Health Care clinics in Chile. Material and Methods: A socio-demographic interview, the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), a screening for ACE, a questionnaire for partner violence (PV), the Life Experiences Survey (LES) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRDS) were applied to 394 patients with major depression (87% women). Results: Eighty two percent of patients had experienced at least one ACE and 43% of them reported three or more. Positive correlations were observed between the number of ACE and severity of depressive symptoms (r = 0.19; p < 0.01), psychiatric comorbidities (r = 0.23; p < 0.01), partner violence events (r = 0.31; p < 0.01), vital stressful events (r = 0.12; p < 0.01), number of depressive episodes (r = 0.16; p < 0.01), duration of the longer depressive episode (r = 0.12; p < 0.05) and suicidal tendency according to HDRS (r = 0.16; p < 0.01). An inverse correlation was observed between frequency of ACE and age at the first depressive episode (r = -0.12; p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that early trauma is associated with more severe and complex depressive episodes during adulthood.

Abstract: This study identifies the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its relationship with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people affected by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred in Chile on February 27th 2010. Davidson Trauma Scale and an item from SPRINT-E that measures suicidal ideation were applied to 247 participants. An 8.9% prevalence of suicidal ideation was found, while 4,9% presents suicidal ideation and PTSD with an important pattern of association (rtc = 4.4; CC = .267) and a significant correlation between these factors (r = ,277; p < ,01). In addition, performing as a housewife, having a family member affected by the disaster, and have PTSD are major risk factors for suicidal ideation. It is recommended that the health network begin considering these factors when assessing and intervening populations affected by disasters.

Resumen: Este estudio identifica la prevalencia de ideación suicida y su relación con el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en personas afectadas por el terremoto y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010 en Chile. Se aplicó a 247 participantes la Escala de Trauma de Davidson y un ítem del instrumento SPRINT-E que mide ideación suicida. Se encontró un 8,9% de prevalencia de ideación suicida, mientras que el 4,9% presenta ideación suicida y TEPT con una pauta de asociación importante (rtc = 4,4; CC = ,267) y una correlación significativa entre estos factores (r = ,277; p < ,05). Además, desempeñarse como ama de casa, tener un familiar afectado por el desastre, y tener TEPT son los principales factores de riesgo para la ideación suicida. Se recomienda a la red de salud tenerlos presentes a la hora de evaluar e intervenir poblaciones afectadas por desastres.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação do risco de desnutrição e dos itens isolados da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MNA®) com a ocorrência de internação hospitalar nos últimos 12 meses em idosos atendidos na atenção básica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual foram avaliados 1229 idosos atendidos em Estratégias Saúde da Família de sete municípios da região Sul do Brasil. O risco de desnutrição foi avaliado através da MNA® e a ocorrência de hospitalização foi determinada por uma questão do instrumento Probability of Repeated Admission (PRA). Os idosos eram, em sua maioria, mulheres (61,7%), com média de idade de 71,7 ± 7,7 anos. A frequência de risco de desnutrição foi de 23,3% e de hospitalização foi de 32,9%. A frequência de desnutrição e de risco de desnutrição foi duas vezes maior entre os idosos que internaram (36,8% versus 18,6% - P < 0,001). Houve associação significativa entre hospitalização e 11 (64,7%) dos 17 itens da MNA® avaliados (P < 0,05). Destes, sete itens estavam independentemente associados com a ocorrência de hospitalização na análise multivariada. Observou-se associação do risco de desnutrição, bem como da maioria dos itens isolados da MNA®, com a ocorrência de internação hospitalar em idosos da atenção básica.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association of malnutrition risk and single items of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) with hospitalization in the last 12 months in the elderly assisted in primary care. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the evaluation of 1229 elderly persons assisted in Family Health Strategies in seven cities of South Brazil. Malnutrition risk was evaluated using the MNA®, and hospitalization was determined by one question of the Probability of Repeated Admission (PRA) instrument. Most of the elderly were women (61.7%), with a mean age of 71.7 ± 7.7 years. The malnutrition risk rate was 23.3% and hospitalization was 32.9%. The frequency of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was two times greater among the elderly who were hospitalized (36.8 versus 18.6% - P < 0.001). There was a significant association between hospitalization and 11 (64.7%) of the 17 items on the MNA® evaluated (P < 0.05). Of these, seven items were independently associated with hospitalization by multivariate analysis. We observed an association of malnutrition risk and most of the single MNA® items as well, with hospitalization in the elderly assisted in primary care.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação do risco de desnutrição e dos itens isolados da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MNA®) com a ocorrência de internação hospitalar nos últimos 12 meses em idosos atendidos na atenção básica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual foram avaliados 1229 idosos atendidos em Estratégias Saúde da Família de sete municípios da região Sul do Brasil. O risco de desnutrição foi avaliado através da MNA® e a ocorrência de hospitalização foi determinada por uma questão do instrumento Probability of Repeated Admission (PRA). Os idosos eram, em sua maioria, mulheres (61,7%), com média de idade de 71,7 ± 7,7 anos. A frequência de risco de desnutrição foi de 23,3% e de hospitalização foi de 32,9%. A frequência de desnutrição e de risco de desnutrição foi duas vezes maior entre os idosos que internaram (36,8% versus 18,6% - P < 0,001). Houve associação significativa entre hospitalização e 11 (64,7%) dos 17 itens da MNA® avaliados (P < 0,05). Destes, sete itens estavam independentemente associados com a ocorrência de hospitalização na análise multivariada. Observou-se associação do risco de desnutrição, bem como da maioria dos itens isolados da MNA®, com a ocorrência de internação hospitalar em idosos da atenção básica.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association of malnutrition risk and single items of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®) with hospitalization in the last 12 months in the elderly assisted in primary care. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the evaluation of 1229 elderly persons assisted in Family Health Strategies in seven cities of South Brazil. Malnutrition risk was evaluated using the MNA®, and hospitalization was determined by one question of the Probability of Repeated Admission (PRA) instrument. Most of the elderly were women (61.7%), with a mean age of 71.7 ± 7.7 years. The malnutrition risk rate was 23.3% and hospitalization was 32.9%. The frequency of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was two times greater among the elderly who were hospitalized (36.8 versus 18.6% - P < 0.001). There was a significant association between hospitalization and 11 (64.7%) of the 17 items on the MNA® evaluated (P < 0.05). Of these, seven items were independently associated with hospitalization by multivariate analysis. We observed an association of malnutrition risk and most of the single MNA® items as well, with hospitalization in the elderly assisted in primary care.