This work investigated the effects of co-occurring aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and microcystin (MC) in aquaculture, using immunohistochemistry and genotoxicity methods. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to AFB1 by intraperitoneal and MC (cell extract of Microcystis aeruginosa) by intraperitoneal and immersion routes. The interaction of MC-AFB1 was evaluated co-exposing the intraperitoneal doses. Blood samples were collected after 8, 24, and 48h to analyze the micronucleus frequency and comet score. The interaction of MC-AFB1 showed a synergic mutagenic response by higher micronucleus frequency of co-exposed group. A slight genotoxic synergism was also observed in the comet score. Immunohistochemistry detected MC in al lthe fish liver tissues exposed to MC by intraperitoneal route, and only the immersed group with the highest dose of MC showed a positive response. Although MC was non-detectable in the edible muscle, the combination of immunohistochemistry with genotoxicity assay was an attractive biomonitoring tool in aquaculture, where the animals were frequently exposed to co-occurring synergic hazards.

Foi determinado o grau de incapacidades em 189 pacientes hansenianos virgens de tratamento, sendo 39 Tuberculóides, 16 Indeterminados, 91 Dimorfos e 43 Virchowianos. Apenas 62 (32,8%) dos pacientes apresentaram grau 0, nos 127 (67,2%) restantes, os graus I, II e III determinados indicam a necessidade de educação sanitária e técnicas simples de fisioterapia, para evitar a instalação de seqüelas irreversíveis.

The authors reported the physical disability rate in 189 patients with leprosy before treatment. The lepromatous and dimorphous groups showed higher degree of disability than the others clinical forms. This finding was also predominant in the young adult s in all clinical forms.

Foi determinado o grau de incapacidades em 189 pacientes hansenianos virgens de tratamento, sendo 39 Tuberculóides, 16 Indeterminados, 91 Dimorfos e 43 Virchowianos. Apenas 62 (32,8%) dos pacientes apresentaram grau 0, nos 127 (67,2%) restantes, os graus I, II e III determinados indicam a necessidade de educação sanitária e técnicas simples de fisioterapia, para evitar a instalação de seqüelas irreversíveis.

The authors reported the physical disability rate in 189 patients with leprosy before treatment. The lepromatous and dimorphous groups showed higher degree of disability than the others clinical forms. This finding was also predominant in the young adult s in all clinical forms.