Polymorphisms of hormone receptor genes have been linked to modifications in reproductive factors and to an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we have determined the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the ERα-397 PvuII C/T, ERα-351 XbaI A/G and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms and investigated their relationship with mammographic density, body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for BC. A consecutive and unselected sample of 750 Brazilian BC-unaffected women enrolled in a mammography screening program was recruited. The distribution of PGR PROGINS genotypic frequencies was 72.5, 25.5 and 2.0% for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2, respectively, which was equivalent to that encountered in other studies with healthy women. The distribution of ERα genotypes was: ERα-397 PvuII C/T: 32.3% TT, 47.5% TC, and 20.2% CC; ERα-351 XbaI A/G: 46.3% AA, 41.7% AG and 12.0% GG. ERα haplotypes were 53.5% PX, 14.3% Px, 0.3% pX, and 32.0% px. These were significantly different from most previously published reports worldwide (P < 0.05). Overall, the PGR PROGINS genotypes A2A2 and A1A2 were associated with fatty and moderately fatty breast tissue. The same genotypes were also associated with a high BMI in postmenopausal women. In addition, the ERα-351 XbaI GG genotype was associated with menarche ≥12 years (P = 0.02). ERα and PGR polymorphisms have a phenotypic effect and may play an important role in BC risk determination. Finally, if confirmed in BC patients, these associations could have important implications for mammographic screening and strategies and may be helpful to identify women at higher risk for the disease.

Este trabajo procura, a través de la revisión integrativa de la literatura, identificar la producción científica brasileña en salud mental en la atención primaria, divulgada en las bases de datos Latinoamericanas. El levantamiento bibliográfico incluyó las publicaciones nacionales de 2001 a 2008, por medio de la búsqueda en la BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Salud), en las bases de datos de LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud) y BDENF (Base de Datos Bibliográficos Especializada en el Área de la Enfermería en Brasil), consideradas como siendo las principales bases de datos de las ciencias de la salud en general y en la enfermería brasileña. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 42 artículos, sometidos a un análisis descriptivo. Los resultados señalan la región Sudeste con mayor ocurrencia de producción en contraste con la región Norte, que no registró ningún estudio divulgado en las bases investigadas. Las revistas de salud en general y salud pública en particular divulgaron un mayor número de estudios en salud mental en la atención primaria, seguidas por revistas especializadas. Un 48% de los estudios eran investigaciones originales, presentando resultados de tesis y memorias. Reflexionamos sobre la necesidad de que las producciones presenten, de forma más explícita y detallada, el delineamiento de los estudios, principalmente, en la descripción de los objetivos y etapas metodológicas.

Este trabalho busca, através da revisão integrativa da literatura, identificar a produção científica brasileira em saúde mental na atenção básica, divulgada nas bases de dados Latino-Americanas. O levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu as publicações nacionais de 2001 a 2008, por meio da busca na BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e BDENF (Base de Dados Bibliográficos Especializada na Área de Enfermagem do Brasil), consideradas como as principais bases de dados das ciências da saúde em geral e enfermagem brasileira. A amostra foi composta por 42 artigos, submetidos a análise descritiva. Os resultados apontam a região Sudeste com maior ocorrência de produção em contraste com a região Norte, na qual não foi registado nenhum estudo divulgado nas bases investigadas. As revistas de saúde em geral e saúde pública em particular, divulgaram maior número de estudos em saúde mental na atenção básica, seguidas das revistas especializadas. Dos estudos, 48% eram pesquisas originais, apresentando resultados de teses e dissertações. Refletimos sobre a necessidade de que as produções apresentem, de forma mais explícita e detalhada, o delineamento dos estudos, principalmente, na descrição dos objetivos e etapas metodológicas.

This study seeks, through integrative review of the literature, to identify Brazillian scientific production in the area of mental health in primary care, using Latin-American databases. The bibliographical research covered national publications from 2001 to 2008 carried out by searching the VHL (Virtual Library of Health), and the LILACS (Latin America and Carribean Health Sciences) and BDENF (Bibliographic Database Specialist in Nursing in Brazil) databases; the main databases for general health sciences and nursing in Brazil. The sample was composed of 42 articles, submitted to descriptive analysis. The result shows the South-east region as having the higher level of production in contrast with the North region, which did not have any published study in the bases investigated. Health journals in general and public health journals in particular publish higher numbers of studies of mental health in primary care, followed by specialist magazines. Forty-eight percent of the studies were original research, presenting the results of theses and dissertations. We reflect on the need for articles to present, in a more explicit and detailed way, the design of the research, mainly the description of objectives and methodological stages.

Several studies have identified the single nucleotide polymorphism STK15 F31I as a low-penetrance risk allele for breast cancer, but its prevalence and risk association in the Brazilian population have not been determined. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of this polymorphism in the Brazilian setting. Considering the high degree of admixture of our population, it is of fundamental importance to validate the results already reported in the literature and also to verify the relationship between this variant and breast cancer risk. A total of 750 women without breast cancer were genotyped using the TaqMan PCR assay for STK15 F31I polymorphism. Clinical information was obtained from review of the medical records and mammographic density from the images obtained using the BI-RADS System. The estimated risk of developing cancer was calculated according to the Gail model. The genotypic frequencies observed in this study were 4.5, 38.7, and 56.6%, respectively, for the STK15 F31I AA, AT and TT genotypes. The AT and AA genotypes were encountered significantly more often in premenopausal women with moderately dense, dense and heterogeneously dense breast tissue (P = 0.023). In addition, the presence of the TT genotype was significantly associated with age at menarche ≥12 years (P = 0.023). High mammographic density, associated with increased breast cancer risk, was encountered more frequently in premenopausal women with the risk genotypes STK15 F31I AA and AT. The genotypic frequencies observed in our Brazilian sample were similar to those described in other predominantly European populations.