Resumo Este estudo investigou os efeitos da inibição de oxigênio e dos procedimentos de acabamento/polimento nas propriedades das resinas compostas. Foram avaliadas uma resina composta bulk fill e duas resinas convencionais (nanoparticulada e microhíbrida). Os espécimes foram confeccionados, variando o tratamento de superfície: controle, sem tratamento; glicerina (inibidor de oxigênio); acabamento e polimento; glicerina + acabamento e polimento. O grau de conversão (GC) foi medido pela Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) imediatamente e após 15 dias da confecção dos espécimes (n=5). Os índices de alteração de cor ΔEab, ΔE00 e opacidade foram avaliados por meio de espectrofotômetro, após 15 dias de imersão no café, utilizando o sistema CIELAB (n=5). Os dados da alteração da cor foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA de dois fatores e Tukey (α=0,05) e a opacidade por ANOVA de medidas repetidas. O uso de glicerina aumentou significativamente o GC, no entanto, não teve influência sobre os valores ΔEab e ΔE00. O acabamento e o polimento reduziram os valores de ΔEab e ΔE00, independentemente da resina composta. A resina microhíbrida apresentou maior opacidade, seguida pela nanoparticula e bulk-fill, independentemente do tratamento de superfície. O acabamento e polimento resultou em menor grau de conversão das resinas compostas se comparado ao uso de um agente inibidor de oxigênio (glicerina), porém apresenta resultados similares para a pigmentação pelo café.

Abstract This study investigated the effects of oxygen inhibition and finishing/polishing procedures on the composite resin properties. One bulk-fill and two conventional composite resins (nanoparticle and microhybrid) were evaluated. Specimens were prepared using 4 surface treatments: control, no treatment; Gly, oxygen inhibition with glycerin; FP, finishing and polishing; Gly + FP, glycerin followed by finishing and polishing. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) immediately and after 15 days (n=5). Color stability (ΔEab, and ΔE00) and opacity were evaluated using a spectrophotometer after 15 days of immersion in coffee, using the CIELAB system (n=5). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and opacity by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Glycerin usage increased significantly the DC however had no influence on the ΔEab, ΔE00 and, opacity values. Finishing and polishing reduced ΔEab and ΔE00 values, regardless of composite resins. Microhybrid showed higher opacity, followed by the nanoparticle and bulk fill, regardless of surface treatment. Post-polymerization polishing procedures resulted in lower conversion than using an oxygen inhibitor agent (Gly condition), but similar staining caused by coffee.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize cases of interpersonal and self-directed violence through reports from a Regional Health Department in the interior of Paraná. Method: retrospective documentary research, with a quantitative approach, carried out between May and June 2018. The study analyzed the reports of interpersonal and self-harm that took place between 2013 and 2016. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis, presented by absolute and relative frequency distribution. Results: There was an increase in violence. A total of 766 cases were reported, with a predominance of female victims in 565 (73.8%) reports. Of these, 322 (42%) were adults and 277 (47.9%) had a partner. Regarding the aggressors, 548 (75.5%) were men and 393 (51.3%) adults. Conclusion: The research reinforces the importance of reporting and health care based on the responsibility of professionals. The increase in violence makes it essential to implement public policies and train professionals focused on reporting.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: caracterizar los casos de violencia interpersonal y autoinfligida por medio de notificaciones de una Regional de Salud de interior de Paraná. Método: investigación documental, retrospectiva, de abordaje cuantitativo, que se realizó entre mayo y junio de 2018. El estudio ha analizado las notificaciones de violencia interpersonal y autoinfligida que ocurrieron entre 2013 y 2016. Se sometieron los datos al análisis estadístico descriptivo, y se los presentaron por distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: Se constató aumento de violencia. Se registraron 766 casos, con mayoría de víctimas del sexo femenino en 565 (73,8%) notificaciones. De estas, 322 (42%) eran adultas y 277 (47,9%) tenían pareja. Acerca de los agresores, 548 (75,5%) eran hombres y 393 (51,3%) adultos. Conclusión: La investigación confirma la importancia de las notificaciones y de una asistencia a la salud pautada en la responsabilidad de los profesionales. El creciente aumento de la violencia hace esencial la implementación de políticas públicas y entrenamiento de los profesionales responsables por las notificaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar os casos de violência interpessoal e autoprovocada por meio de notificações de uma Regional de Saúde do interior do Paraná. Método: pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada entre maio e junho de 2018. O estudo analisou as notificações de violência interpessoal e autoprovocada ocorridas entre 2013 e 2016. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, apresentados por distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Evidenciou-se aumento da violência. Foram registrados 766 casos, com predomínio de vítimas do sexo feminino em 565 (73,8%) notificações. Destas, 322 (42%) eram adultas e 277 (47,9%) possuíam companheiro. Em relação aos agressores, 548 (75,5%) eram homens e 393 (51,3%) adultos. Conclusão: A pesquisa confirma a importância das notificações e de uma assistência à saúde pautada na responsabilidade dos profissionais. O crescente aumento da violência torna essencial a implementação de políticas públicas e treinamento dos profissionais responsáveis pelas notificações.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preheating and post-curing methods on diametral tensile strength (DTS), flexural strength (FS), knoop microhardness (KHN), and degree of conversion (DC) of an experimental fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). Specimens (30 wt% of 3-mm-short E-glass fiber, 22.5 wt% of methacrylated-based resin and 47.5 wt% of filler particles) were subjected to: P – photocuring at 1500 mW/cm2 for 40 s (control); P/M – photocuring and microwave post-curing (540W/5 minutes); P/A – photocuring and autoclave post-curing (120°C/15 minutes); PH-P – preheating (60°C) and photocuring; PH-P/M – preheating, photocuring and microwave post-curing; and PH-P/A – preheating, photocuring and autoclave post-curing. Specimens for DTS (Ø 3 x 6 mm) and FS (25 x 2 x 2 mm) were tested at Instron 5965. KHN employed a 50g load for 30s. DC was measured using FTIR spectroscopy. Statistical analysis employed: factorial analysis, normality test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test, independent T-test and the Dunnett test. Interaction between factors was not significant (P>0.05). Preheating promoted significantly higher values of FS and KHN (p = 0.0001). Post-curing promoted significantly higher values for KHN (p = 0.0001). For DTS (p = 0.066) and DC (p= 0.724) no statistical difference was found between groups. SEM images showed that preheating promoted better interaction between glass fibers and resin matrix. Preheating increased FS, KHN and DTS, and post-curing increased KHN. DC was not affected by both methods. Preheating and post-curing methods can be used to improve some mechanical properties of FRCs’ but degree of conversion remains unaffected.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed photoactivation of self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) on the retention of glass-fiber posts luted into root canals. Bovine incisors were endodontically treated, and post holes of 9 mm in depth were prepared. Fiber posts were luted using one of two SARCs, BisCem(r) (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, USA) or RelyX Unicem clicker (3M ESPE, Saint Paul, USA), or a regular (etch-and-rinse) resin cement (AllCem; FGM, Joinvile, Brazil). Photoactivation was performed immediately, or at 5 or 10 min after cementation. Root/post specimens were transversely sectioned 7 days after luting into 1-mm-thick slices, which were submitted to push-out testing in a mechanical testing machine. Bond strength data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls' method (α = 0.05). Immediate photoactivation resulted in the highest bond strength for Unicem. BisCem(r) demonstrated higher bond strength values when photoactivated after a 10-min delay. Immediate photoactivation yielded the lowest bond strengths for AllCem, although no differences in bond strength were observed between photoactivation delayed by 5 and 10 min. In conclusion, the moment of resin cement photoactivation may affect the intraradicular retention of fiber posts, depending upon the resin cement used for luting.