ABSTRACT The cement industry is the second-largest single industrial emitter in the world and therefore has an important role to play in reducing the intensity of its carbon emissions: participation of the sector is important to contribute to the goal of the Paris Climate Change Agreement to limit global warming. One of the strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of the cement industry is substitution of Portland cement, which is a component of the concrete mix widely used as a construction material worldwide. Geopolymer cement has emerged as an alternative for Portland cement, with several advantages. This study applied the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to quantify the carbon emissions associated with 1m3 of two types of concrete (concrete PC-II cement-based Portland cement vs. geopolymer concrete). Geopolymer concrete presented almost 43% less carbon emissions, while also presenting high physic-chemical performance. It was verified that geopolymer concrete has the potential to help mitigate climate change, and can be employed as part of the plan to minimize the emissions associated with the construction sector.

Objetivo: Descrever os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica, angiofluoresceinografia e indocianinografia na vasculopatia polipoidal idiopática da coróide. Métodos: Realizou-se análise criteriosa dos exames complementares de angiofluoresceinografia e indocianinografia, comumente utilizados para o diagnóstico, assim como da tomografia de coerência óptica, em quatro olhos de uma série de três pacientes com vasculopatia polipoidal idiopática da coróide. Resultados: Os quatro olhos mostraram lesões sub-retinianas vermelho-alaranjadas, sendo que dois casos apresentaram descolamento hemorrágico do epitélio pigmentado da retina, além de manifestações exsudativas e hemorrágicas associadas. A angiofluoresceinografia revelou dilatações aneurismáticas em ramificações anormais de vasos da coróide em apenas 1 caso, ao contrário da indocianinografia que claramente demonstrou as lesões em todos os casos. A tomografia de coerência óptica confirmou descolamento hemorrágico espontâneo do epitélio pigmentado da retina em 2 casos. Conclusão: A indocianinografia é o exame de escolha no diagnóstico da vasculopatia polipoidal da coróide, mas em alguns casos a associação com a tomografia de coerência óptica e angiofluoresceinografia pode ser útil no diagnóstico e seguimento.

Purpose: To describe the role of the optical coherence tomography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography findings in the diagnosis of idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV). Methods: A series of four eyes of three patients thought to have IPCV were examined and evaluated by optical coherence tomography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies. Results: Fluorescein angiography was highly important for the diagnosis only in case 1. Indocyanine green angiography showed a branching network of the vessels with marginal vascular dilatations in all cases. Optical coherence tomography showed hemorrhagic detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium contiguous with the anterior delimitation of the polypoidal elements in two cases. Conclusion: The association of clinical manifestations with fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies and optical coherence tomography can be useful in the differential diagnosis of exudative maculopathies, particularly IPCV with serohemorrhagic manifestations.