Laser powder bed fusion of bulk metallic glasses offers great potential to overcome the existing restrictions of the geometrical size and complexity of bulk metallic glasses in conventional manufacturing routes due to high cooling rates during laser powder bed fusion. Bulk metallic glasses exhibit extraordinary strength, paired with high elasticity. Yet insights into additive manufactured bulk metallic glasses, especially of complex structures, are limited. The present article investigates the mechanical behaviour of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses, fabricated into honeycomb structures through laser powder bed fusion, by performing three-point bending tests. The results reveal a significant increase in specific strength, quasi-plasticity, and high elastic elongation. These structures thus offer great potential for light-weight applications and compliant mechanisms.

Laser poeierbedfusie van grootmaat glasagtige metale bied die potensiaal om die bestaande beperkings (verwant aan geometriese grootte en kompleksiteit) van glasagtige metale in konvensionele vervaardigingstegnieke te oorkom. Dit is as gevolg van die hoë afkoeltempo's tydens laser poeierbedfusie. Grootmaat glasagtige metale bied buitengewone sterkte saam met hoë elastisiteit. Insig in toevoegingsvervaardiging vir glasagtige metale is beperk, veral in die geval van ingewikkelde vorms. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die meganiese eienskappe van Zr-gebaseerde glasagtige metale (wat in heuningkoekvorms vervaardig is deur laser poeierbedfusie) deur middel van drie-punt buigtoetse. Die resultate toon 'n noemenswaardige toename in spesifieke sterkte, quasi-plastisiteit, en hoë vlakke van elastiese verlenging. Die vorms bied hou dus potensiaal vir ligte toepassings en elastiese meganismes in.

This article deals with the nodes of significance that refer to tensions and difficulties in the current intercultural education. These have been extracted from fragments that traditional educators selected from their own stories recorded in interviews by a "textual transmutation" technique which implies the re-elaboration of short textualities with highlighted contents from the narrations in the interviews. Results show that for Mapuche educators, the school institution, despite being open to the intercultural curriculum, maintains symbolic limits with the communities and bodies of Mapuche children. It's also shown that the school's territory is maintained colonially active, and it exerts control through texts, planning and curriculum constrained by standardized tests. It's also recognized that educators perform symbolic and strategic acts to counterbalance the inequalities of this interculturality which appears to be more transformative than it actually is.

Este artículo aborda los nudos de significación que remiten a tensiones y dificultades en la actual educación intercultural, los que se extraen de fragmentos que las educadoras tradicionales seleccionan a partir de sus propios relatos registrados en entrevistas, mediante la técnica de "transmutación textual" que consiste en reelaborar textualidades breves cuyos contenidos resultan salientes respecto del fondo de la narración que forma parte de las entrevistas. Los resultados relevan que para las educadoras mapuches la institución escolar, pese a mostrarse abierta al currículum intercultural, mantiene límites simbólicos con las comunidades y los cuerpos de los niños mapuches, que el territorio de la escuela se mantiene coloidalmente activo, ejerce control a través de textos, planificaciones y de un curriculum constreñido por pruebas estandarizadas y que las educadoras realizan actos simbólicos y estratégicos para contrarrestar los desequilibrios de esta interculturalidad que aparenta más transformaciones de las que en verdad realiza.

To assess the use of conspecific's odors for controlling commensal Mus musculus, we studied the effect of overcrowding on the reproductive success of females in laboratory conditions. While pregnancy rates, litter size, the weight at birth and survival until weaning did not differ between overcrowding and control groups, the time elapsed until pregnancy was lower for the control group, while the mean weight and the total number of offspring surviving at weaning were higher in the control group. Control females produced a mean of 1.25 offspring, while overcrowded females produced 0.6. A lower weight of the offspring of crowded females may affect their future chances of survival and reproduction.

Para evaluar el uso de olores de conespecíficos para el control de M. musculus comensales, estudiamos el efecto del hacinamiento sobre el éxito reproductivo de hembras en condiciones de laboratorio. La tasa de preñez, el tamaño de camada, el peso al nacer y la supervivencia al destete no difirieron significativamente entre hembras hacinadas y controles. El tiempo transcurrido hasta la preñez fue menor en el grupo control, mientras que el peso promedio y el número de crías sobrevivientes al destete fueron mayores. Las hembras control produjeron un promedio de 1,25 crías y las hacinadas 0,6. El menor peso de las crías de las hembras hacinadas podría afectar su supervivencia y futura reproducción.

The aim of this work was to study the range of movements of Norway rats in two poultry farms in Exaltación de la Cruz, Buenos Aires Province. Three female and three male rats were followed by radio-telemetry. The mean home range was 0.024 ha (0.0024 to 0.0525 ha) and the mean maximum distance between localization points was 33.70 m (10 m to 66 m). The maximum daily movement registered was 65 m. Individuals captured near sheds or pigpens did shorter displacements than those captured on the perimeter of each farm. Our results indicate that Norway rats moved only short distances in poultry farms.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de estudiar el área mínima de movimientos de la rata noruega en dos granjas avícolas de Exaltación de la Cruz, provincia de Buenos Aires, para lo cual se siguieron los movimientos de seis ratas (tres hembras y tres machos) mediante radio-telemetría. El radio de acción promedio fue de 0.024 ha (0.0024 a 0.0525 ha) y la máxima distancia promedio entre puntos de localización fue de 33.70 m (10 m a 66 m.). El movimiento diario máximo registrado fue de 65 m. Los individuos capturados cerca de los galpones o chiqueros realizaron menores desplazamientos que aquellos capturados en el perímetro de cada granja. Los resultados indican que la rata noruega en las granjas avícolas solo se mueve distancias cortas.

Distribuição de tamanho, razão sexual operacional, e uso de covas do sapo Rhinella fernandezae foram estudados na província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, em dois sítios afastados 300 m. Um deles é uma trilha próxima a um pântano, o outro, um jardim de uma casa rural, mais afastado do pântano. Identificamos as covas dos sapos, e os indivíduos dentro delas foram sexados, medidos e marcados individualmente. As covas foram monitoradas mensalmente, depois da primeira amostragem para avaliar a presença dos sapos. Achamos diferenças na distribuição de tamanhos entres os sítios, sendo a proporção de juvenis maior naquele próximo ao pântano, onde a reprodução da espécie foi observada. O resultado sugere que o sítio próximo ao pântano funciona como um habitat fonte de indivíduos que migram para aquele mais afastado, onde o recrutamento seria escasso. A taxa entre os sexos dos adultos não foi diferente de 1:1 em nenhum dos sítios amostrados, nem na população total, sugerindo que não existe mortalidade diferencial entre machos e fêmeas. Alguns sapos mudaram de cova durante o período do estudo, mas não houve diferenças na freqüência de mudança entre juvenis e adultos.

Size distribution, sex ratio and use of burrows of the burrowing toad Rhinella fernandezae were studied in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Two sites separated by approximately 300 m were studied: one was a road next to a swamp, and the other a garden of a country house located further from the swamp. We identified toad burrows, and individuals were sexed, measured and given an individual mark. Burrows were examined in subsequent months after the first sampling to assess the presence of toads. We found significant differences in the size distribution between areas, being the proportion of juveniles greater at the site next to the swamp where the reproduction of the species was observed. This result may suggest that the site located near to the swamp functions as a source habitat of individuals that migrate to the other site, where recruitment would be very scarce. Sex proportion of adults did not differ from 1:1 in neither the total population nor in each site, suggesting that there was not differential mortality by sex. Some toads changed burrows throughout the study period, but there were not differences in the frequency of change between adults and juveniles.

The aim of this paper was to assess the effects of the internal and spatial (external) variables on the abundance of Mus musculus in poultry farms. The internal variables were the maintenance conditions of the farms and the number of sheds, while the external variables were related to the spatial location of each farm with respect to other farms and thus, to the probability of invasion from surrounding areas. This work was conducted on December 2004, January, September, October and December 2005 at poultry farms located at Exaltación de la Cruz, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. If the abundance is mainly determined by the re-colonization through the displacement of the individuals, we expected the abundance of M. musculus to show an inverted relationship with the distance between farms; the abundance of M. musculus to show a positive relationship with the number of neighboring farms; as well as a correlation among the differences in abundance and the geographical distances between farms. We also expected the abundance of M. musculus to show a negative relationship with the farm maintenance condition, and a positive relationship with the number of sheds present in the farm. The only variable related to the variation in the abundance of M. musculus among farms was the maintenance condition, suggesting that the dynamics of this species in each farm is independent of the abundance in other farms, and does not depend on movements from their neighborhoods. The persistence of the population could be due to its recovery starting from the individuals who survived to the treatment that is permanently done in the farms, favored perhaps by a dense-dependent response of the reproduction or to the passive re-colonization through men.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de las variables internas y externas sobre la abundancia de Mus musculus en granjas avícolas. Consideramos como variables "internas" a aquellas características asociadas al estado de mantenimiento de la granja y a su infraestructura, y como "externas" o "espaciales" a aquellas que dependieron de la ubicación de la granja respecto a otras granjas y, por lo tanto, relacionadas a la probabilidad de invasión por roedores. El trabajo se desarrolló en diciembre 2004, enero, septiembre, octubre y diciembre de 2005 en granjas avícolas del Partido de Exaltación de la Cruz (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). El "estado de la granja" mostró una relación negativa con la abundancia de M. musculus, mientras que las otras variables fueron no significativas. No se observó concordancia entre el agrupamiento de granjas teniendo en cuenta distancias geográficas y esfuerzo de captura, ni autocorrelación espacial de la abundancia. La abundancia de M. musculus en las granjas avícolas estudiadas dependería de los efectos internos y no de los externos, por lo que el mantenimiento de las poblaciones dependería de una dinámica "in situ" y no del ingreso de individuos desde sitios vecinos, aunque también podría haber transporte pasivo por el hombre.

Descreve-se investigação epidemiológica conduzida a partir da notificação de três casos suspeitos de febre amarela em moradores da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde se identificou a presença de Aedes aegypti. Concluiu-se que se tratavam de casos de febre amarela silvestre adquirida em área endêmica do Estado vizinho de Mato Grosso. Apesar da presença de focos de Aedes aegypti nos locais de residência dos doentes, não foram encontradas evidências de transmissão do vírus amarílico nesses locais. O teste MAC ELISA mostrou-se de grande utilidade no rápido esclarecimento diagnóstico dos casos suspeitos da moléstia, ao lado das técnicas tradicionais, e no inquérito sorológico conduzido entre familiares, vizinhos e colegas de trabalho dos doentes.

An epidemiological investigation was carried out in the North-west region of the State of S. Paulo of Brazil with the purpose of clarifying three suspected cases of yellow fever that occurred in people resident in the area. In this region the presence of Aedes aegypti had been verified. It was concluded that the patients had contrated yellow fever during a trip to the forested region of the Mato Grosso State, where there are enzootic cycles of the virus. Despite of the presence of Ae. aegypti, no evidence of yellow fever transmission in the local population was detected. MAC ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with capture of IgM antibodies) proved very useful in the rapid diagnosis of suspected cases and in the serological investigation among the relatives, neighbors and schoolmates of the patients, providing additional support for the traditional techniques.

Descreve-se investigação epidemiológica conduzida a partir da notificação de três casos suspeitos de febre amarela em moradores da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, onde se identificou a presença de Aedes aegypti. Concluiu-se que se tratavam de casos de febre amarela silvestre adquirida em área endêmica do Estado vizinho de Mato Grosso. Apesar da presença de focos de Aedes aegypti nos locais de residência dos doentes, não foram encontradas evidências de transmissão do vírus amarílico nesses locais. O teste MAC ELISA mostrou-se de grande utilidade no rápido esclarecimento diagnóstico dos casos suspeitos da moléstia, ao lado das técnicas tradicionais, e no inquérito sorológico conduzido entre familiares, vizinhos e colegas de trabalho dos doentes.

An epidemiological investigation was carried out in the North-west region of the State of S. Paulo of Brazil with the purpose of clarifying three suspected cases of yellow fever that occurred in people resident in the area. In this region the presence of Aedes aegypti had been verified. It was concluded that the patients had contrated yellow fever during a trip to the forested region of the Mato Grosso State, where there are enzootic cycles of the virus. Despite of the presence of Ae. aegypti, no evidence of yellow fever transmission in the local population was detected. MAC ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with capture of IgM antibodies) proved very useful in the rapid diagnosis of suspected cases and in the serological investigation among the relatives, neighbors and schoolmates of the patients, providing additional support for the traditional techniques.

Relatam-se os dados clínicos e laboratoriais de um caso de moléstia humana causada por vírus idêntico ou antigenicamente muito relacionado ao arbovirus do Grupo C Caraparu, em um morador da região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. O fato apresenta interesse médico sanitário pois embora existam evidências da presença de inúmeros arbovirus na área, os únicos casos comprovados de doença por esses agentes foram os de encefalite pelo vírus Rocio durante a epidemia ocorrida em 1975-1977. Os resultados dos testes sorológicos sugerem diferença antigênica entre as cepas de vírus Caraparu isoladas nos Estados de São Paulo e Pará e proximidade antigênica entre a cepa de Caraparu de São Paulo e o vírus Bruconha.

The clinical and laboratory data of a disease in a resident of Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, caused by an agent close or identical to Caraparu, a Group C arbovirus, was described. Although there is evidence of an intensive circulation of several arboviruses in the area, no diagnosis of human disease by these agents has been made, except the encephalitis cases caused by Rocio virus during an epidemic in 1975-1977. An antigenic difference between Caraparu strains isolated in São Paulo and in Pará States and a close antigenic relationship between Caraparu strain from São Paulo and Bruconha virus were suggested by the serological tests.