Resumen Se presenta reporte de caso de una paciente de 27 años de edad, atendida en el Estado de Puebla, México; diagnosticada con teratoma inmaduro posterior a una salpingooforectomía izquierda realizada por un médico no oncólogo sin recibir terapia adyuvante ni seguimiento de ningún tipo. Meses después acude a nuestro centro de salud debido a sintomatología difusa de predominio abdominal, se procede a realizar una evaluación integral a la paciente para descubrir que es causada por implantes peritoneales, a lo que el médico tratante solicita terapia adyuvante con BEP (bleomicina etopósido y paclitaxel). Continuó con tratamiento conservador.

Abstract We present a case report of a 27-year-old female patient treated in the state of Puebla, Mexico; diagnosed with immature teratoma after a left salpingo-oophorectomy performed by a non-oncologist without receiving adjuvant therapy or follow-up of any kind; months later, she comes to our health center due to diffuse symptoms of abdominal predominance. A comprehensive evaluation of the patient is carried out to discover that it is caused by peritoneal implants, to which the treating physician requests adjuvant therapy with BEP: bleomycin, etoposide, and paclitaxel continued with conservative treatment.

Background: Endocervical infection by Chlamydia trachomatis is considered one of the leading causes of infertility worldwide. During pregnancy, it can lead to serious complications such as premature rupture of membranes and premature births. Aim: To determine the prevalence of genital infection by C. trachomatis in pregnancy and infertile women from Mexico City. Methods: The detection of C. trachomatis was performed by real-time PCR with the commercial kit COBAS® TaqMan CT Test v2.0 (Roche Molecular System). Results: We analyzed 2,352 endocervical swabs; 102 were positive (4.3%). Age prevalence showed that pregnant adolescents (15 to 19 years of age) had the highest risk of infection (10.9%, RR = 3.23 [95% IC: 1.79-5.84]), followed by young women aged 20 to 24 years, with a prevalence of 5.6% (RR = 1.65 [95% IC: 0.82-3.34]). Discussion: The results indicate that the prevalence is within the range reported worldwide. However, pregnant adolescents were those with a higher prevalence than infertile women were. Conclusion: A systematic screening of C. trachomatis infection in women younger than 24 years of age, and in pregnant women is necessary to reduce the incidence of infertility and perinatal complications.

Resumen Introducción: La infección endocervical por Chlamydia trachomatis es considerada una de las principales causas de infertilidad en todo el mundo. Durante el embarazo puede conducir a complicaciones graves como la ruptura prematura de membranas y los partos prematuros. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección genital por C. trachomatis en mujeres embarazadas e infértiles de la Ciudad de México. Métodos: La detección de C. trachomatis fue mediante reacción de polimerasa en cadena tiempo real (RPC-TR) con el kit comercial COBAS® TaqMan CT Test v2,0 (Roche Molecular System). Resultados: Se analizaron 2.352 muestras; 102 fueron positivas (4,3%). La prevalencia por edad mostró que las adolescentes embarazadas (15 a 19 años) fueron las de mayor riesgo de infección (10,9%, RR = 3,23 [IC 95%: 1,79-5,84]), seguido de mujeres jóvenes de 20 a 24 años, con prevalencia de 5,6% (RR = 1,65 [IC 95%: 0,82-3,34]). Discusión: Los resultados indican que la prevalencia está dentro del rango reportado en el concierto mundial. Sin embargo, las adolescentes embarazadas tuvieron mayor prevalencia que las mujeres infértiles. Conclusión: Es imperioso realizar un rastreo sistemático de infección por C. trachomatis en mujeres bajo 24 años de edad, y en mujeres embarazadas para disminuir los casos de infertilidad y las complicaciones perinatales.

In October-November 2009, an oceanographic survey was carried out between 50 and 53°S off southern Chile, near the Southern Ice Field. The stations near the glacier showed low temperatures (1-3°C) and salinity (< 25), and high stability (Brunt-Väisälä frequency N > 0.1 cycles s-1). Main ichthyoplankton taxa were eggs and larvae of southern sprat Sprattus fuegensis, lightfish Maurolicus parvipinnis, Macrouridae, and southern hake Merluccius australis. The main spawning area of S. fuegensis (~8000 eggs 10 m-2) occurred in mixed zones of the adjacent continental shelf, whereas the spawning of M. parvipinnis occurred in intermediate channels associated with medium stability values (N~0.06 cycles s-1). Fish egg and larval abundances were null or scarce near the glacier, and the abundance of M. parvipinnis eggs was positively related to the temperature and salinity of the water column, and negatively related to water column stability. Moreover, a negative relationship was observed between seawater density and the diameter of S. fuegensis eggs. The relation between ice melting and ichthyoplankton may have consequences for advective transport and mass mortality of fish eggs and larvae, as well as pelagic-benthic coupling in the Chilean South Patagonia. Global climate change has increased glacier ice melting at high latitudes, and the increased entry of colder, less saline waters in coastal areas may have consequences for the ichthyoplankton in the Chilean Patagonia.

Durante octubre-noviembre de 2009 se realizó un crucero oceanográfico entre 50 y 53°S de Chile austral, en las cercanías del glaciar Campos de Hielo Sur. Las estaciones cercanas al glaciar presentaron baja temperatura (1-3°C) y salinidad (< 25), y alta estabilidad (frecuencia de Brunt-Väisälä N > 0,1 ciclos s-1). Los principales taxa del ictioplancton fueron huevos y larvas de sardina fueguina Sprattus fuegensis, pez hacha Maurolicus parvipinnis, Macrouridae y merluza austral Merluccius australis. El desove principal de S. fuegensis (~ 8000 huevos 10 m-2) ocurrió en zonas mezcladas de la plataforma continental adyacente, mientras que el desove de M. parvipinnis ocurrió en canales intermedios asociado a valores intermedios de estabilidad (N~0,06 ciclos s-1). Se observó una nula o baja abundancia de huevos y larvas de peces en las cercanías del glaciar, y la abundancia de huevos de M. parvipinnis estuvo relacionada positivamente con la temperatura y salinidad de la columna de agua y negativamente con la estabilidad de la columna de agua. Además, hubo una relación negativa entre la densidad del agua de mar y el diámetro de los huevos de S. fuegensis. La relación entre deshielo e ictioplancton podría tener consecuencias en el transporte advectivo y mortalidad masiva de huevos y larvas de peces y el acople pelágico-bentónico en la Patagonia austral de Chile. Como el cambio climático global ha incrementado los deshielos de glaciares en latitudes altas, y el aumento del ingreso de aguas de baja temperatura y salinidad podría tener consecuencias en el ictioplancton de la Patagonia chilena.

Between January 1997 and December 2000 daily data of sea surface temperature, sea level height and Ekman transport were taken, together with biweekly and monthly sampling of ichthyoplankton in a coastal station located in Valparaíso Bay. Samples were collected through vertical tows from 50 m depth to surface with a conical net. From a total of 103 zooplankton samples, 71 samples had positive presence of ichthyoplankton; a total of 10,646 eggs and 1,189 larval fish were separated, corresponding to 6 and 20 taxa, respectively. Eggs specific composition was dominated by Engraulis ringens (35.5%), Merluccius gayi (32.7%) and Sardinops sagax (23.3%). For larvae, dominant species were M. gayi (53.5%), S. sagax (16.1%), E. ringens (13.7%), Hygophum bruuni (3.0%) and Prolatilus jugularis (2.9%). Specific taxa of both eggs and larvae showed fluctuations of their abundance at seasonal scale and according to the warm and cold phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), similar to those observed in the physical time series data. Despite the strong differences in egg abundance in the period, only M. gayi eggs showed a significant increase during La Niña phase. In the ENSO 1997-2000 cycle, sea level height and Ekman transport showed strong differences between ENSO phases, but the whole diversity of the larval fish community was not affected. No significant differences in the diversity indices were detected, for Shannon index or for Simpson index. However, multivariate analyses showed that larval assemblages were significantly stratified according to the warm and cold phase of ENSO. Therefore, composition of ichthyoplankton was significantly affected by the ENSO cycle in the coastal area of Valparaíso between 1997 and 2000.

Entre enero de 1997 y diciembre de 2000 se tomaron datos diarios de temperatura superficial del mar (TSM), altura del nivel del mar y transporte de Ekman, junto con muestreos quincenales y mensuales de ictioplancton en una estación costera ubicada en la bahía Valparaíso. Las muestras se recolectaron mediante lances verticales desde 50 m de profundidad hasta la superficie con una red cónica. De un total de 103 muestras, 71 tuvieron presencia de ictioplancton; se separó un total de 10.646 huevos y 1.189 larvas de peces, correspondiendo a 6 y 20 taxa, respectivamente. Las especies dominantes en los huevos fueron Engraulis ringens (35,5%), Merluccius gayi (32,7%) y Sardinops sagax (23,3%). En las larvas dominaron M. gayi (53,5%), S. sagax (16,1%), E. ringens (13,7%), Hygophum bruuni (3,0%) y Prolatilus jugularis (2,9%). Taxa específicos de huevos y larvas mostraron fluctuaciones en su abundancia a escala estacional y de acuerdo a las fases cálida y fría de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS), similar a las observadas en las variables físicas. Aunque se encontraron fuertes diferencias en la abundancia de huevos durante el periodo, sólo los de M. gayi mostraron un incremento significativo durante La Niña. En el ciclo ENOS 1997-2000, la altura del nivel del mar y el transporte de Ekman mostraron fuertes diferencias entre las fases del ENOS, pero la diversidad total de la comunidad ictioplanctónica no fue afectada. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en los índices de diversidad, tanto en el índice de Shannon como en el de Simpson. Sin embargo, los análisis multivariados demostraron que las asociaciones de larvas estuvieron separadas significativamente de acuerdo a las fases cálida y fría del ENOS. Por lo tanto, la composición del ictioplancton fue afectada significativamente por el ciclo ENOS en la zona costera de Valparaíso entre 1997 y 2000.

En 1997 se registró por primera vez el aislamiento de un hongo Hyphomycete de suelos de Chinchiná (Caldas, Colombia) atacando huevos y otros estadios biológicos de las especies de nematodos fitoparásitos Meloidogyne incognita y M. javanica provenientes de lotes comerciales con café. Debido a la imposibilidad de clasificarlo taxonómicamente en los géneros actuales, este aislamiento se ha denominado temporalmente como CENICAFE 9501. Dado su potencial como biocontrolador, se propuso identificar genes candidatos involucrados en el proceso de patogenicidad de huevos de Meloidogyne. Con este fin se construyeron librerías diferenciales mediante el método de hibridación sustractiva. La secuenciación de 188 clones obtenidos permitió identificar 80 unigenes, de los cuales el mayor porcentaje correspondió a secuencias sin homología (32%), seguidas por genes candidatos a funciones de patogénesis (22%), transporte celular (17%), síntesis de proteínas (11%) y en menor proporción aquellos involucrados con transcripción y metabolismo primario (18%). Dentro de aquellos genes que contienen marcos de lectura con homología a proteínas que intervienen en la patogenicidad se encuentran una peptidasa, un receptor para sitios de ubiquitinación, una deubiquinasa, una ubiquinona oxidoreductasa, proteína relacionada con la degradación de pared celular, glicosil hidrolasa e hidroxilasa de ácidos grasos, asi como una serin proteasa. Se hace necesaria la validación de las funciones putativas de estos genes candidatos con el fin de incrementar el conocimiento básico de la fisiología de este hongo con potencial biorregulador.

In 1997 it was reported for the first time from soil isolation of a Hyphomycete fungus from Chinchiná ( Caldas, Colombia ), attacking eggs and other biological stages of the plant parasite nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, from commercial coffee plots. Due to the impossibility to classify it taxonomically under current genera, this isolate has been labeled in the mean time as CENICAFE 9501. Given its potential as biological control agent, the identification of canditate genes involved in pathogenicity processes on Meloidogyne eggs was proposed. With this purpose, differential libraries were constructed using the subtractive hybridization method. Sequencing of 188 clones allowed the identification of 80 unigenes, with the highest percentage corresponding to sequences without homology (32%), followed by candidate genes for pathogenesis (22%), cellular transport (17%), protein synthesis (11%) and in lesser degree those involved with transcription and primary metabolism (18%). Among those genes with reading frames showing homology to proteins involved in pathogenicity can be found a peptidase, a ubiquitination receptor, a deubiquitinase, a ubiquinone oxydoreductase, a protein related to the degradation of the cell wall, a glycosyl hydrolase and fatty acid hydrolase, as well as a serine protease. A validation of the putative function of these genes is neccesary in order to increase the basic knowledge of the physiology of this fungus with bioregulation potential.

Considering that electropolymerization process occurs via radical intermediates, it was used a stable nitroxide radical such as TEMPO, with the aim to stabilize the species generated in the electrode/solution interface. The obtained results show that TEMPO really acts as a "radical trapping". Therefore, applying an adequate electrochemical perturbation it should be possible the progressive elongation of polymeric chains, and with that, the control over the structure and polydispersity of the deposit

Farinhas de arroz e de aveia e amido de trigo foram adicionados de vital glúten e avaliados pelo Teste de Panificação. Usou-se como padrão uma amostra de farinha de trigo com características adequadas para produção de pão. Os níveis de adição de vital glúten foram de 10, 15, 17,5, 20 e 30% para a farinha de arroz e de 10, 20 e 30% para a farinha de aveia. Ao amido de trigo, extraído da farinha de trigo utilizada como padrão, foi adicionado vital glúten de forma a reconstituir o teor de glúten original da farinha. Os melhores resultados do teste de panificação foram obtidos com 17,5% de vital glúten na farinha de arroz e 20% de vital glúten na farinha de aveia. Foram obtidos pães com volumes específicos inferiores aos de trigo (2,67cm³/g para vital glúten + farinha de arroz, 3,07cm³/g para vital glúten + farinha de aveia e 4,14cm³/g para vital glúten + amido de trigo contra 5,15cm³/g para os de farinha de trigo). As melhores misturas foram analisadas quanto às suas características reológicas e comparadas com a farinha de trigo original. A mistura de amido de trigo e vital glúten apresentou características farinográficas extensográficas inferiores à farinha de trigo e deu origem a pães de menor volume e com estrutura compacta. No geral, a adição de vital glúten propiciou a obtenção de pães com características aceitáveis, embora inferiores às do pão de farinha de trigo. As características dos pães contendo vital glúten foram: pouca simetria e quebra praticamente inexistente. São necessários novos estudos sobre a interação do vital glúten com os demais componentes da farinha de trigo e sua influência na qualidade do produto final.

Breadmaking Test was used to evaluate the quality of breads made of rice flour, oat flour and wheat starch with added vital gluten. A flour sample adequate for breadmaking was used as standard. The blends of rice flour had 10, 15, 17.5, 20 and 30% of vital gluten and the blends of oat flour had 10, 20 and 30% of vital gluten. Vital gluten was also added to the starch extracted from the standard wheat flour in order to reconstitute the original flour wheat content. The best results from the Breadmaking Test were obtained with the blends of 17.5% of vital gluten to the rice flour and 20% of vital gluten to the oat flour. The breads obtained showed lower volume values than those made of wheat flour (2.67cm³/g for vital gluten+rice flour, 3.07cm³/g for vital gluten+oat flour and 4.14 cm³/g for vital gluten+wheat starch and 5.15cm³/g for standard wheat flour). The rheological characteristics of the best blends were analyzed and compared to the standard wheat flour. The blend of vital gluten and flour starch showed inferior rheological characteristics than the original wheat flour. Also, their breads showed lower volume and compact structure. In general, breads with acceptable characteristics were obtained with the addition of vital gluten to rice flour, oat flour and wheat starch although these characteristics were inferior to those from the breads produced with the original wheat flour. Breads with vital gluten showed little symmetry and almost no breaking. New studies are necessary to investigate the interaction of vital gluten with the other components of wheat flour and its influence in the quality of the final product.