ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the degree of severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) on the distribution of plantar load on the feet during gait. Material and Methods: 40 patients with AIS were evaluated and divided into severity groups: 13 with mild AIS; 13 with moderate AIS; and 14 with severe AIS. Cobb angles (degrees) were evaluated by radiography. Gait was assessed using the pressure platform at a frequency of 100 Hz. The adolescents walked on a 20-meter track, with their feet resting on the platform, totaling an average of 12 steps. The following were evaluated: contact area, peak pressure, and maximum force on the 4 regions of the feet: hindfoot (medial and lateral), midfoot, and forefoot. Results: Adolescents with moderate and severe AIS showed an increase in peak pressure and maximum force on the medial (p=0.014; p=0.045, respectively) and lateral (p=0.035; p=0.039, respectively) hindfoot and a reduction on the midfoot (p=0.024) when compared to mild AIS. The contact area showed no differences between groups. Conclusion: The moderate and severe degree of AIS severity promoted increased plantar load on the medial and lateral hindfoot (heel) during gait compared to adolescents with a mild degree of scoliotic curvature. In this way, gait training in the milder stages of disease severity can minimize the overload and the increase in force vectors on the spine, preventing the progression of severe scoliotic curvature. Level of Evidence II; Cross-sectional study.

Resumen: Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia del grado de severidad de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente (EIA) sobre la distribución de la carga plantar en los pies durante la marcha. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 40 pacientes con EIA y se dividieron en grupos de gravedad: 13 con EIA leve; 13 con EIA moderada; y 14 con EIA grave. Los ángulos de Cobb (grados) se evaluaron mediante radiografía. La marcha se evaluó utilizando la plataforma de presión a una frecuencia de 100 Hz. Los adolescentes caminaron sobre una pista de 20 metros, con los pies apoyados en la plataforma, totalizando un promedio de 12 pasos. Se evaluaron: área de contacto, presión pico y fuerza máxima en las 4 regiones de los pies: retropié (medial y lateral), mediopié y antepié. Resultados: Los adolescentes con EIA moderado y severo mostraron un aumento en la presión pico y la fuerza máxima en el retropié medial (p=0,014; p=0,045, respectivamente) y lateral (p=0,035; p=0,039, respectivamente) y una reducción en el mediopié (p=0,024) en comparación con EIA leve. El área de contacto no mostró diferencias entre los grupos. Conclusión: El grado moderado y severo de severidad de la EIA promovió un aumento de la carga plantar en el retropié medial y lateral (talón) durante la marcha en comparación con adolescentes con un grado leve de curvatura escoliótica. De esta manera, el entrenamiento de la marcha en las etapas más leves de la gravedad de la enfermedad puede minimizar el aumento de la sobrecarga y el aumento de los vectores de fuerza en la columna, evitando la progresión de la curvatura escoliótica severa. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio transversal.

Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar a influência do grau de severidade da escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) sobre a distribuição da carga plantar dos pés durante a marcha. Material e Métodos: 40 pacientes com EIA foram avaliados e divididos em grupos de severidade: 13 com EIA leve; 13 com EIA moderada; e 14 com EIA grave. Os ângulos de Cobb (graus) foram avaliados pela radiografia. A marcha foi avaliada pela plataforma de pressão, a uma frequência de 100 Hz. Os adolescentes caminhavam sobre uma pista de 20 metros, com o registo do apoio dos pés sobre a plataforma, totalizando em média 12 passos. Foram avaliadas área de contato, pico de pressão e força máxima sobre as 4 regiões dos pés – retropé (medial e lateral), mediopé e antepé. Resultados: Os adolescentes com EIA moderada e grave mostraram um aumento do pico de pressão e força máxima sobre o retropé medial (p=0,014; p=0,045, respectivamente) e lateral (p=0,035; p=0,039, respectivamente) e uma redução sobre o mediopé (p=0,024) quando comparados a EIA leve. Não houve diferenças quanto a área de contato entre os grupos. Conclusão: O grau de severidade moderada e grave da EIA promoveu um aumento da carga plantar sobre retropé medial e lateral (calcanhar) durante a marcha em comparação aos adolescentes com grau leve da curvatura escoliótica. Desta forma, o treino de marcha nos estágios mais leve de severidade da doença pode minimizar a sobrecarga e o aumento dos vetores de força sobre a coluna, evitando a progressão da curvatura escoliótica grave. Nível de evidência II; Estudo transversal.

ABSTRACT Human Resource Allocation (HRA) can be defined as the way professionals are distributed across the organization’s tasks, given that each individual has his/her own set of characteristics, and that each task has specific needs. Thus, this paper puts forward a mathematical programming model for allocating human resources that considers employees’ formal qualifications and experience and the possibility of employees sharing tasks in each project. The proposed mathematical model was designed and implemented according to a set of heuristics based on a Greedy Search (GS), a Genetic Algorithm, a Cosine Pigeon- Inspired Optimizer and an Iterated Local Search (ILS), to solve small, medium and large random instances. Thus, it was verified which of the heuristics had the best performance according to certain indicators, such as resolution time and average quality of the solutions found. Finally, they were also compared with the optimal solution obtained for small and medium-sized instances, with the best average results to ILS, although these are not too far from those of the GS.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). A total of 24 adolescents with jSLE (15.92 ± 2.06 years) and 12 systemically healthy controls (15.25 ± 2.7 years) were included in the study. Participants underwent rheumatologic testing and periodontal examination, with the recording of plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing index (BPI). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from both groups and stored at -80 ºC. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a spectrometer operating at 500 MHz. Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) were used for statistical analysis. Mean CAL and PI were significantly increased in the group with jSLE (p < 0.01). Patients with jSLE presented a significantly different salivary metabolic profile (accuracy = 0.54; R2 = 0.86; Q2 = -0.293), significantly higher salivary levels of N-acetyl sugars, and significantly reduced levels of phenylalanine, glycine, taurine, hydroxybutyrate, and valerate compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). It is suggested that the salivary metabolomic profile analyzed by 1H NMR in patients with jSLE presents a different fingerprint that the systemically healthy subjects. Integrating the variation of metabolites with the identification of the metabolic pathways involved seems to provide a better understanding of the influence of systemic disease on salivary metabolites.

ABSTRACT Global agricultural production is expected to double by 2050 due to both global population increase and changes in diets as a consequence of growing incomes. This also means more pressure on water resources, as agriculture accounts for 70 % of global water withdrawal and for energy production as the entire food supply chain accounts for about 30 % of total global energy consumption. Although there are ongoing discussions related to the sustainability of food, water, and energy sectors, integrating these sectors is still rare and challenging. We investigated the effects of agricultural practices on the Food, Water and Energy (F-W-E) nexus security systems by evaluating the results reported in scientific literature. Focusing on the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome as a study case, our main goals were 1) to elucidate the impacts of rural conservation practices on food, water, and energy production based on literature analysis, 2) to propose F-W-E attributes and evaluate how they are addressed by rural practices. Our findings demonstrated, in general, a positive impact of agricultural conservation practices on F-W-E security attributes. Indeed, 76 % of the combination between a conservational practice with a F-W-E attribute was positive. Some agricultural practices, such as no tillage are very well documented (45 % of all combinations), especially regarding their effects on soil quality parameters. We found few results connecting agricultural practice and energy aspects. These results are key elements that corroborate with the agriculture multifunctionality approach, and the results can better guide the planning of strategies in the agricultural sector and subsidize decision making.

INTRODUÇÃO: Dados de desfechos em câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas (CPCNP) são escassos no contexto da saúde suplementar no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características, tratamentos realizados e a sobrevida desses pacientes em uma instituição oncológica privada brasileira. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre 1998 e 2010 com diagnóstico de CPCNP. Os dados foram transferidos para uma ficha clínica individual e posteriormente analisados. Pacientes ou familiares foram contatados a fim de otimizar o seguimento e a estimativa da sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 566 pacientes, com idade mediana de 65 anos. Predominaram os diagnósticos em estádios avançados (79,6% III/IV). A sobrevida mediana foi de 19,0 meses (IC95% 16,2 - 21,8), sendo de 99,7, 32,5, 20,2 e de 13,3 meses nos estádios I, II, III e IV, respectivamente (p < 0,0001). Entre os pacientes que receberam quimioterapia paliativa, a sobrevida mediana foi de 12,2 meses (IC95% 10,0 - 14.4). CONCLUSÕES: Os desfechos encontrados se assemelham aos de países desenvolvidos. Apesar do maior acesso médico em pacientes com cobertura de planos de saúde, a maioria dos diagnósticos ocorre tardiamente.

INTRODUCTION: Outcomes data on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) are scarce with regard to the private health care in Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, treatments performed, and the survival of patients with NSCLC in a Brazilian private oncologic institution. METHODS: Medical charts from patients treated between 1998 and 2010 were reviewed, and data were transferred to a clinical research form. Long-term follow-up and survival estimates were enabled through active surveillance. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-six patients were included, and median age was 65 years. Most patients were diagnosed in advanced stages (79.6% III/IV). The overall survival was 19.0 months (95%CI 16.2 - 21.8). The median survival was 99.7, 32.5, 20.2, and 13.3 months for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively (p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving palliative chemotherapy, the median survival was 12.2 months (95%CI 10.0 - 14.4). CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes described are favorably similar to the current literature from developed countries. Besides the better access to health care in the private insurance scenario, most patients are still diagnosed in late stages.

INTRODUÇÃO: Dados de desfechos em câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas (CPCNP) são escassos no contexto da saúde suplementar no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características, tratamentos realizados e a sobrevida desses pacientes em uma instituição oncológica privada brasileira. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre 1998 e 2010 com diagnóstico de CPCNP. Os dados foram transferidos para uma ficha clínica individual e posteriormente analisados. Pacientes ou familiares foram contatados a fim de otimizar o seguimento e a estimativa da sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 566 pacientes, com idade mediana de 65 anos. Predominaram os diagnósticos em estádios avançados (79,6% III/IV). A sobrevida mediana foi de 19,0 meses (IC95% 16,2 - 21,8), sendo de 99,7, 32,5, 20,2 e de 13,3 meses nos estádios I, II, III e IV, respectivamente (p < 0,0001). Entre os pacientes que receberam quimioterapia paliativa, a sobrevida mediana foi de 12,2 meses (IC95% 10,0 - 14.4). CONCLUSÕES: Os desfechos encontrados se assemelham aos de países desenvolvidos. Apesar do maior acesso médico em pacientes com cobertura de planos de saúde, a maioria dos diagnósticos ocorre tardiamente.

INTRODUCTION: Outcomes data on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) are scarce with regard to the private health care in Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, treatments performed, and the survival of patients with NSCLC in a Brazilian private oncologic institution. METHODS: Medical charts from patients treated between 1998 and 2010 were reviewed, and data were transferred to a clinical research form. Long-term follow-up and survival estimates were enabled through active surveillance. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-six patients were included, and median age was 65 years. Most patients were diagnosed in advanced stages (79.6% III/IV). The overall survival was 19.0 months (95%CI 16.2 - 21.8). The median survival was 99.7, 32.5, 20.2, and 13.3 months for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively (p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving palliative chemotherapy, the median survival was 12.2 months (95%CI 10.0 - 14.4). CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes described are favorably similar to the current literature from developed countries. Besides the better access to health care in the private insurance scenario, most patients are still diagnosed in late stages.

Bombacopsis glabra é uma espécie ornamental arbórea utilizada em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas e composição paisagística. o conhecimento sintomatológico da deficiência nutricional apresentados por essa espécie possibilita a identificação e a correção em exemplares plantados. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se identificar sintomas visuais de deficiência nutricional em mudas de Bombacopsis glabra. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e nove tratamentos, sendo um completo e com omissão individual de N, P, K, Mg, S, Fe, B e Zn. Com exceção ao tratamento de omissão de K, em todos os outros tratamentos foram evidenciados sintomas de deficiência nutricional. Dentre os sintomas diagnosticados, a clorose foi um sintoma característico nos tratamentos com omissão de N, Mg, S e Zn, alternando apenas a intensidade e órgãos afetados. A omissão de boro foi caracterizada por folhas necrosadas e crestamento. A omissão de K provocou diminuição na massa seca das mudas, contudo as mesmas não manifestaram sintomas visuais, o que pode estar associado a um estoque de K na semente suficiente para o desenvolvimento inicial das mudas.

Bombacopsis glabra is an ornamental tree used to restore degraded areas and landscape composition. The nutritional deficiency symptoms presented by this species allows the identification and correction in growing plants. The objective of this study was to identify the visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency in seedlings of Bombacopsis glabra. The research was in completely randomized design with four repetitions and nine treatments, being a complete treatment (without omission of nutrients) and the other with the omission of N, P, K, Mg, S, Fe, B and Zn. Excepting omission of the treatment with K, in all others, it was observed symptoms. Among the diagnosed symptoms, chlorosis appeared as a characteristic symptom in the treatment of N, Mg, S and Zn, only alternating the intensity and the affected organs. The omission of boron induced necrosis and blight on the leaves. The omission of K resulted in lower seedling dry mass; however they did not show visual symptoms, which may be associated with a stock of K in the seed sufficient for early development of seedlings.

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama é um dos principais problemas de saúde do mundo e sua incidência vem aumentando gradativamente. A mastectomia e as terapias adjuvantes contribuem para o desenvolvimento de complicações físicas e transtornos psicológicos. Na tentativa de reduzir os sentimentos negativos, melhorar a autoestima e suprir a falta da mama, pode-se optar pela reconstrução cirúrgica. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os casos de reconstrução mamária pós-mastectomia por câncer de mama, realizados em um período de 10 anos, na clínica privada do autor principal. MÉTODO: Foi realizada revisão dos prontuários de pacientes submetidas a reconstrução mamária, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2011. RESULTADOS: No período analisado, foram realizadas 428 reconstruções mamárias em pacientes mastectomizadas por câncer de mama. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 52,77 anos. Quanto ao tipo de reconstrução, 134 procedimentos foram realizados com retalho do músculo reto abdominal (TRAM), 105 com técnicas conservadoras, 87 com retalho do músculo grande dorsal (RGD), 76 com próteses e 26 secundárias. Previamente a outubro de 2007, a porcentagem de cirurgias bilaterais, somando-se TRAM e RGD, era de 30%; a partir desse período, a porcentagem passou para 84%. A taxa de complicações foi de 33,41%. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de reconstrução mamária são alternativas seguras, com taxas de complicação aceitáveis. A presença de fatores de risco resultou em maior taxa de complicações e evidenciou-se aumento da incidência de cirurgias bilaterais nos últimos anos, fato atribuído ao aumento das mastectomias profiláticas na mama contralateral ao tumor, o que pode reduzir o risco da neoplasia e facilitar a simetrização mamária.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a major global health problem with a gradually increasing incidence. Mastectomy and adjuvant therapies may result in physical complications and psychological disorders that lead several women to consider surgical reconstruction in order to reduce negative feelings, improve self-esteem, and be provided with a new breast. The aim of this study is to analyze a series of breast reconstruction procedures performed over a period of 10 years in the first author's private clinic in patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer removal. METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction between January 2002 and December 2011. RESULTS: In the period considered, 428 breast reconstruction procedures were performed in patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer removal. The average patient age was 52.77 years. With regard to the type of reconstruction, 134 procedures were performed using the rectus abdominis muscle flap (TRAM); 105, using conservative techniques; 87, using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF); 76, using prostheses; and 26, in secondary procedures. Before October 2007, the percentage of bilateral surgeries, including the use of TRAM and LDMF, was 30%. After October 2007, this percentage increased to 84%. The complication rate was 33.41%. CONCLUSIONS: Breast reconstruction procedures are safe with limited complications that increase according to the presence of risk factors. The increased incidence of bilateral surgeries performed during recent years was attributed to the increased incidence of prophylactic mastectomy performed on the contralateral breast to reduce the risk of cancer and facilitate mammary symmetrization.

In this paper we present a brief introduction to the area of Forensic Science and Criminal Investigation, as well as its importance in elucidating crimes. Furthermore, we propose as examples four didactic modules of experimental character (fingerprints, footprints, blood and ballistic), which may promote understanding of phenomena/concepts involved in areas of chemistry, physics and mathematics, and/or can be used in the development of a teaching proposal in the attempt to unravel a fictitious crime in a contextualized and interdisciplinary form. The teacher or responsible for the activity will fit the role of seeking the best way to use these materials within the context of their classes, and the opportunity to discuss with other teachers in order to exchange experiences and thus perceive other forms of application.

En este artículo se presenta una breve introducción al área de la Ciencia Forense e Investigación Criminal, así como su importancia en la elucidación de crímenes. Más aún, se proponen ejemplos de cuatro módulos didácticos de carácter experimental (impresiones digitales, pisadas, sangre y balística), con los cuales puede promoverse la comprensión de fenómenos/conceptos involucrados en estas áreas de la química, la física y las matemáticas, y que pueden ser utilizados para el desarrollo de una propuesta de enseñanza, bajo la misión de resolver un crimen supuesto en una manera contextualizada e interdisciplinaria. El profesor que sea responsable de la actividad deberá jugar el papel de buscar la mejor manera de emplear estos materiales en el contexto del aula y de discutir con otros profesores para intercambiar experiencias y otras formas de aplicación.

Considerando as ideias dos alunos componente importante na formação de futuros professo-res, apresenta-se uma revisão de pesquisas que implementaram estratégias curriculares inovadoras para promoção da evolução do conhecimento profissional. A análise centrou-se na consideração da existência e do uso didático das ideias dos alunos em 18 artigos publicados, entre 1995 e 2005, nas principais revistas internacionais (em língua inglesa) da área. São apresentadas as características destas pesquisas em termos da metodologia, contexto e perspectiva teórico-prática das abordagens curriculares formativas implementadas. O desenvolvimento profissional alcançado pelos futuros docentes envolvidos foi comparado para identificação de obstáculos e avanços nesse processo. Questões de ordem epistemológica e de coerência entre a intervenção formativa e o modelo didático tomado como referência, pelos pesquisadores/formadores, para avaliar o desenvolvimento profissional inicial destes docentes são elencadas na tentativa de se entender por que, de modo geral, a mudança alcançada é pequena.

Considering students' ideas as an important component in pre-service teacher education, we conducted a review of research that implemented curriculum advanced strategies to promote the evolution of professional knowledge. Our analysis has focused particularly on accounts of the existence and didactic use of students' ideas in 18 articles published between 1995 and 2005 in major international journals (English) in the area. The characteristics of these researches in terms of methodology, context and theoretical-practice perspective of implemented formative curriculum approaches are presented. The professional evolution of pre-service teachers was compared to determine the obstacles and progress points within this process. Finally, issues of epistemological order and of coherence were determined to assess the initial professional development of these pre-service teachers. The framework of the formative intervention and the didactic models allows issues to be listed in trying to understand why, in general, the change is small.

The etiology of a range of diseases is associated with an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exacerbated ROS production leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular damage and apoptosis. Nowadays, many strategies are being developed for the targeted delivery of antioxidants compounds to mitochondria, trying to minimize the damages. Production of ROS was investigated by the molecular probes CM-H2DCFDA and Amplex Red. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of verbascoside, martinoside, betulinic acid from the Stachytarpheta cayennensis and quercetin by an in vitro assay with isolated mitochondria from mice's brain The results showed that all compounds tested exhibited a scavenger effect on the ROS generated by the isolated mitochondria, which displayed a dependent dose increase.