The assay was carried out to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on performance of broilers from 1 to 21 and 1 to 40 days of age. Twelve hundred and fifty male broilers (Ross) were distributed in a randomized experimental design, with five treatments, 10 repetitions and 25 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of evaluating the phytase supplementation in diets with reductions in nutritional levels, compared with the positive control. The nutrient contents in negative controls one and two were reduced progressively and these diets were supplemented with phytase levels of 250 and 500 ftu/kg of the diet, respectively. Two diets were formulated: pre-starter/starter, 1-21 days, and growth/finishing, from 21 to 40 days). In both phases, with the phytase supplementation in diets that had their nutritional levels reduced (negative control one + 250 ftu and negative control two + 500 ftu), feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion of the birds were similar to the positive control. In the period from 1 to 40 days of age, with the diets supplemented with phytase, the productive efficiency index of the birds was similar to that of the positive control group. Supplementation with 250 ftu/kg and 500 ftu/kg phytase in diets with reduced nutritional levels improved broiler performance, resulting in parameters similar to those shown by broilers fed with the diet with normal levels of nutrients.

The objective of this study was to estimate the values of apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and determine the chemical composition of the following feedstuffs: babassu meal, sunflower meal, corn gluten meal, babassu starch flour, meat and bones meal, beans, millet, cookies residue, pasta residue and bread-making residue. The traditional method of excreta collection was used with broilers in the period of 14 to 24 days of age, which were distributed in a completely randomized design with eleven treatments and six replicates of six birds each. Each feedstuff replaced the reference diet at levels of 30 or 40% depending on the type of feedstuff. Chicks were housed in cages fitted with trays to collect the excreta. The apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (kcal/kg) on the natural matter of feedstuffs were: babassu meal, 1,116; sunflower meal, 1,607; corn gluten meal, 3,826; babassu flour starch, 1,731; meat and bone flour, 2,524; common beans, 693; millet, 3,046; cookies residue, 3,351; pasta residue, 3,543 and bread-making residue, 3,494.

Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de determinar as relações adequadas de arginina:lisina, isoleucina:lisina, valina:lisina e triptofano:lisina digestíveis para frangos machos nas fases inicial (7 a 21 dias) e de crescimento (28 a 40 dias de idade). Um total de 1.800 frangos no período inicial e de 1.440 no período de crescimento foi distribuído em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 9 tratamentos e oito repetições de 25 e 20 aves por unidade experimental nos períodos inicial e de crescimento, respectivamente. As relações utilizadas no período inicial foram: 100, 105 e 110 arginina:lisina; 60, 65 e 70 isoleucina:lisina; 70, 75 e 80 valina:lisina; 15, 16 e 17 triptofano:lisina; e, no período de crescimento: 95, 105 e 115 arginina:lisina; 58, 67 e 76 isoleucina:lisina; 71,5, 77 e 82,5 valina:lisina; 14, 17 e 20 triptofano:lisina. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas atendendo às exigências mínimas de nutrientes, exceto lisina digestível (1.08% para o período inicial e 0.98% para o crescimento). No final dos experimentos, foram determinados o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, o peso e os rendimentos de peito e de filé de peito. No período inicial, não houve efeito das relações arginina:lisina e triptofano:lisina sobre os parâmetros avaliados, entretanto houve efeito linear das relações isoleucina:lisina e valina:lisina sobre o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar das aves. No período de crescimento, as relações arginina:lisina influenciaram linearmente o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Houve efeito quadrático das relações isoleucina:lisina, valina:lisina e triptofano:lisina sobre o ganho de peso. O aumento das relações isoleucina:lisina e valina:lisina resulta em melhor desempenho das aves no período de 7 a 21 dias de idade. As relações isoleucina:lisina, valina:lisina e triptofano:lisina indicadas para frangos de corte de 28 a 40 dias de idade são de 69, 76 e 18%, respectivamente.

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate digestible arginine:lysine, isoleucine:lysine, valine:lysine and tryptophan:lysine ratios for male broilers in two periods: 7 - 21 (starter) and 28 - 40 (finisher) days of age. A total of 1800 starter and 1440 finisher broilers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 9 treatments, eight replicates of 25 and 20 birds per experimental unit in the starter and the finisher periods, respectively. The ratios used in the starter period were: 100, 105 and 110 arginine:lysine; 60, 65 and 70 isoleucine:lysine; 70, 75 and 80 valine:lysine; 15, 16 and 17 tryptophan:lysine, and in the finisher: 95, 105 and 115 arginine:lysine; 58, 67 and 76 isoleucine:lysine; 71,5, 77 and 82,5 valine:lysine; 14, 17 and 20 tryptophan:lysine. Diets were formulated to meet or exceed the nutritional requirements in both periods, except for digestible lysine (1.08% for the starter period and 0.98% for the finisher). At the end of each experiment, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and breast and breast fillet weight and yield were determined. In the starter period, the arginine:lysine and tryptophan:lysine ratios did not affect the evaluated parameters, but there were linear effects of isoleucine:lysine and valine:lysine ratios on birds weight gain and feed conversion. In the finisher period, the arginine:lysine ratios influenced linearlly weight gain and feed conversion. There was a quadratic effect of isoleucine:lysine, valine:lysine, and tryptophan:lysine on weight gain. The increase in the isoleucine:lysine and valine:lysine ratios results in better performance of the broilers from 7 to 21 days of age. The recommended isoleucine:lysine, valine:lysine and tryptophan:lysine ratios for broilers from 28 to 40 days of age are 69, 76 and 18%, respectively.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da inoculação de soluções nutritivas in ovo sobre a eclodibilidade e o desempenho de frangos de corte aos 21 dias de idade. Foram incubados 2.400 ovos, oriundos de matrizes Cobb com 40 semanas de idade, em 4 datas diferentes. Aos 17,5 dias de incubação, os ovos foram inoculados com 0,5 mL de uma das seguintes soluções nutritivas: solução salina 0,5%; solução de 2,0% de glicose + 2,0% de sacarose; solução de 2,5% de glicose + 3,0% de sacarose; solução de vitaminas ou solução de minerais quelatados. Todas as soluções foram avaliadas em comparação a um tratamento controle, constituído por ovos não inoculados. Para determinação da eclodibilidade, os pintos foram selecionados pelo sexo e distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 × 6 (dois sexos e seis soluções), com 8 repetições de 12 a 16 aves por unidade experimental. Aos 7 e 21 dias, foram determinados o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar. Os rendimentos de peito, filé de peito e perna foram determinados no fim do experimento. A inoculação das soluções in ovo diminuiu a eclodibilidade, aumentando o número de ovos bicados e não-nascidos. O ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar das aves aos 7 dias de idade não foram afetados pela inoculação in ovo. Aos 21 dias, as soluções de 2,0% de glicose + 2,0% de sacarose, de vitaminas e de minerais não afetaram o desempenho, entretanto, a inoculação de 2,5% de glicose + 3,0% de sacarose proporcionou melhor conversão alimentar e aumento de 4,07% no ganho de peso, 5,07% no peso de peito com osso e 5,47% no peso de filé de peito. A inoculação de solução nutritiva contendo 2,5% de glicose + 3,0% de sacarose proporciona maior ganho de peso, melhor conversão alimentar, maior rendimento de peito com osso e rendimento de filé de peito das aves aos 21 dias de idade.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of in ovo inoculation of nutritious solutions on the hatchability and the performance of broilers at 21 days of age. It was incubated 2,400 eggs from Cobb broiler breeders at 40 weeks of age on four different dates. On the 17.5 day of incubation, the eggs were inoculated with 0.5 mL with one of the following saline solutions: 0.5%; solutioin of 2.0% glucose + 2.0% sucrose solution; 2.5% glucose + 3.0% sucrose solution, vitamin solution or chelate minerals solution. All solutions were evaluated by comparing them to a control treatment, composed of not inoculated eggs. To determine hatchability, chicks were selected according to sex and distributed in a random block design, in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement (2 sexes × 6 solutions), with 8 replicates of 12 to 16 birds per experimental unit. At 7 and 21 days of age, it was determined weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Yields of chest, chest filet and leg were estimated at the end of the period. The inoculation of in ovo solutions reduced the egg hatchability, increasing the number of pecked and not hatched eggs. Weight gain and feed conversion of the birds at 7 days of age were not affected by in ovo inoculation. At 21 days of age, solutions of 2.0% of glucose + 2.0% of sucrose, of vitamins and minerals did not affect performance. However, inoculation of 2.5% of glucose + 3.0% of sucrose provided better feed conversion and increase of 4.07% in weight gain, 5.07% in the weight of chest with bones and 5.47% in the chest filet weight. Inoculation of nutritious solution containing 2.5% of glucose + 3.0% of sucrose provides greater weight gain, better feed conversion, greater yields of chest with bones and of chest filet of birds at 21 days of age.

Foram determinados a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) de seis alimentos de origem vegetal utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas. Utilizaram-se 252 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Ross, com 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (uma ração-referência e seis rações-teste), seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os alimentos avaliados foram milho (MI), milho de alta gordura (MAG), farinha de gérmen de milho integral (FGMI), soja integral tostada (SIT), casca de soja (CS) e farelo de soja de alta proteína (FSAP) com 50% PB. Os alimentos avaliados foram incluídos nas rações-teste em 40 e 25% da ração-referência, para alimentos energéticos e protéicos, respectivamente. Os valores para EMA, em kcal/kg de matéria natural, dos alimentos MI, MAG, FGM, SI, CS e FSAP foram de 3.402, 3.627, 3.019, 3.419, 814 e 2.070 e os de EMAn, de 3.393, 3.595, 2.935, 3.279, 741 e 1.984, respectivamente.

The chemical composition, the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) of six feed of vegetal origins were determined by the total excreta collection method. A total of 252 male broiler chicks of the lineage Ross with 21 days of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with seven treatments (one basal reference diet and six test diets), six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The evaluated feeds were: corn (CO), high oil corn (HOC), whole corn germ meal (WCGM), toasted whole soybean (TWSB), soybean hulls (SH), high protein soybean meal (HPSM) with 50% crude protein. The evaluated feeds were included in the diets-test in 40% and 25% of the reference diet, for the energy and protein feeds, respectively. The values of AME, in kcal/kg of as fed, for the feeds CO, HOC, WCGM, TSB, SH and HPSM were 3.402, 3.627, 3.019, 3.419, 814 and 2.070 and the AMEn values were: 3.393, 3.595, 2.935, 3.279, 741, and 1.984, respectively.