This study aimed to present a wireless mandibular motion tracking device and optoelectronic data acquisition system developed to analyze the real-time spatial motion of the entire mandible during mouth opening and closing with no restriction of any movement. The procedures were divided into three phases: confection of a kinematic arch, dynamic digital video image acquisition, and image processing and analysis by using graphic computation. Four sequences of jaw opening/closing movements were recorded in lateral view: two from the maximum intercuspation (MIC) and the other two from a forced mandibular retruded position. Jaw motion was recorded by a digital video camera and processed as spatial coordinates corresponding to the position variation of the markers in the kinematic arch. The results showed that the method was capable of recording and processing the dynamics of the mandibular movements during jaw opening/closing using pixel-magnitude points. The mandible showed points with less displacement located near the temporomandibular joint during the opening/closing movements from the mandibular retruded position. When the jaw movements were recorded from MIC, these points were located near the mandibular foramen.

Há situações que exigem a remoção ou substituição de retentores intra-radiculares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o selamento apical do material obturador após a remoção de pino intra-radicular metálico fundido com instrumento cortante rotatório ou com aparelho de ultra-som. Utilizaram-se 25 raízes de incisivos humanos extraídos, que foram endodonticamente tratadas e preparadas para receberem os pinos. Os retentores intra-radiculares foram fundidos com 2 tipos de ligas odontológicas, CuAlZn e PdAg, e foram cimentados com cimento de fosfato de zinco. Após 24 horas, foram removidos com as 2 técnicas citadas. Em seguida, os dentes foram impermeabilizados com cianoacrilato de etila, permitindo a entrada do corante apenas por via cervical. Os dentes foram imersos em rodamina por 24 horas, depois foram clivados e observados em microscópio óptico de luz e analisados em "software" próprio (Imagelab). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e mostraram que, para o fator liga, os pinos de PdAg geraram uma média de infiltração maior (2,23 ± 0,48 mm) do que os pinos de CuAlZn (1,39 ± 0,48 mm), com p = 0,025; para o fator técnica, não houve diferença significante, com p = 0,9, entre a remoção com ultra-som (1,99 ± 0,62 mm) e a remoção com instrumento cortante rotatório (1,62 ± 0,62 mm). Nestas condições experimentais, foi possível concluir que o grau de infiltração apical está relacionado com o tipo de liga, e a infiltração esteve presente em ambas as técnicas utilizadas.

There are situations in which intraradicular retainers have to be removed and replaced. The objective of this research was to evaluate the apical seal after the removal of a custom cast post and core with a carbide bur or with an ultrasound apparatus. Twenty five roots of extracted human incisors were used. They were endodontically treated and prepared to receive the posts. The posts and cores were cast with 2 types of dental alloys, CuAlZn and PdAg, and were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. After 24 hours, they were removed using the two above mentioned techniques. Then, the roots had their external surface made impermeable by two layers of cyanoacrylate adhesive, leaving only the cervical area for dye penetration. The teeth were immersed in rhodamine for 24 hours. They were then cut and observed under an optical microscope and analyzed with appropriate software (Imagelab). The results were submitted to ANOVA, and they evidenced that, regarding the alloy factor, PdAg posts presented a larger mean infiltration value (2.23 ± 0.48 mm) as compared to the posts made of CuAlZn (1.39 ± 0.48 mm) (p = 0.025). Regarding the technique factor, there was no significant difference (p = 0.9) between the removal of the intraradicular retainer using ultrasound (1.99 ± 0.62 mm) or using a rotating cutting instrument (1.62 ± 0.62 mm). Under these experimental conditions, it was possible to conclude that the degree of apical leakage was directly related to the alloy type, and it was present in both techniques used.

Um dos principais objetivos do cimento, que fixa a restauração protética ao dente, é o selamento da fenda existente entre os mesmos. Para avaliar a infiltração marginal, foram feitos preparos cavitários padronizados, em 20 dentes naturais extraídos. As coroas totais foram fundidas em NiCr, sendo 10 cimentadas com cimento de fosfato de zinco e 10 com cimento resinoso Panavia 21. As amostras foram submetidas à ciclagem térmica e em seguida foram colocadas em solução de azul de metileno a 0,5%. Após o seccionamento vestíbulo-lingual, os corpos-de-prova foram examinados com lupa de aumento. Houve diferença significante entre os dois cimentos testados, sendo que 100% das amostras cimentadas com cimento de fosfato de zinco apresentaram infiltração atingindo dentina e polpa e 100% das amostras cimentadas com Panavia 21 não sofreram qualquer tipo de infiltração. Conclui-se que: o cimento resinoso Panavia 21 apresentou melhores resultados, quanto ao grau de infiltração, quando comparado com o cimento de fosfato de zinco, na cimentação de coroas metálicas fundidas em NiCr.

One of the main goals of the luting agent, which bonds the cast restoration to the prepared tooth, is to seal the gap between them. Standardized preparations were made on 20 extracted teeth in order to evaluate microleakage. The crowns were made in NiCr, and in one group of 10 crowns zinc phosphate was used as the luting agent; in the other 10, Panavia 21 was used. The samples were thermocycled and then put into methylene blue solution (0.5%). After buccolingual sectioning of the cemented crowns, the samples were examined with a magnifier. There was a significant difference between the two groups: 100% of the zinc phosphate cemented crowns presented microleakage reaching the dentin and the pulp and 100% of the samples with Panavia 21 did not suffer any microleakage. So, as to the marginal microleakage with cast metal crowns in NiCr, the Panavia 21 luting agent presented better results than did zinc phosphate.

Com a preocupação de avaliar os efeitos danosos da transmissão de calor aos tecidos periodontais, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a temperatura gerada durante a remoção de pinos intra-radiculares com o uso de instrumentos cortantes rotatórios (ICR) em alta rotação. Para se obter os registros da temperatura durante os desgastes, foram fixados fios termopares ao redor do terço médio e terço apical da raiz de incisivos centrais superiores extraídos, conectados a termômetros digitais. Através da análise de variância, verificou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significante, de 5%, entre as regiões medidas e as ligas utilizadas. Analisando as regiões, observou-se, na região mediana, amplitude de 9,1oC, e, na região apical, amplitude de 6,2oC. A liga de CuAlZn (GOLDENT) alcançou média de amplitude maior, 10,3oC, as ligas de CuAl (DURACAST), 6,3oC, e a de PdAg (PORS-ON 4), 6,3oC. Provavelmente, os fatores que interferiram foram o grau de refrigeração, a pressão e o corte intermitente. Baseando-se na metodologia utilizada, concluiu-se que a remoção de pinos intra-radiculares, através do uso de ICR em alta rotação, pode gerar amplitudes de temperatura críticas de acordo com a região do desgaste e liga utilizada.

Due to the concern with the damaging effects of heat distribution on periodontal tissues, this study had the objective of evaluating the temperature generated during the removal of posts with burs in high speed handpieces. Fixed thermopars around the medium and apical regions of the roots of extracted superior central incisors, connected to digital thermometers, were used to obtain temperature measurements during wearing down. Analysis of variance demonstrated a statistically significant difference, to the level of 5%, between the regions where the temperature was taken and the alloys used. When comparing the differences between the regions of roots, the medium portion presented a variation of 9.1oC, and the apical region recorded a 6.2oC amplitude. The alloy containing CuAlZn (GOLDENT) reached the largest amplitude, 10.3oC; the alloys made of CuAl (DURACAST), 6.3oC; and the one made of PdAg (PORS-ON4), also 6.3oC. The factors that probably interfered were: degree of refrigeration, pressure, and intermittent wearing down. Based on the methodology used, we may conclude that the removal of posts by using burs in high speed can generate critical temperature variations, depending on the region of the root and the alloy being used.