ABSTRACT The following article describes two clinical cases of post-anesthesia traumatic ulcers in children, after dental treatment, in which infiltration of local anesthesia was used as part of the therapeutic treatment for the loss of sensitivity of the sector to be treated. The effects of the anesthetic continued at the end of the treatment, which stimulated curiosity in children to suck or bite the soft tissue due to lack of sensitivity, this caused serious lesions in the oral mucosa. The importance of these post-anesthetic injuries lies in prevention, that is, the professional who attends pediatric patients, must prevent and avoid these serious injuries self-inflicted by the child, giving the recommendations verbally and in writing to the parents.

RESUMEN El siguiente articulo describe dos casos clínicos de ulceras traumáticas pos-anestesia en niños, luego de un tratamiento odontológico, en el cual se utilizó la infiltración de anestesia local, como parte del tratamiento terapéutico para la perdida de la sensibilidad del sector a tratar. Los efectos del anestésico continuaron al terminar el tratamiento, lo que estimuló por la falta de sensibilidad la curiosidad en los niños que se succionen o se muerdan el tejido blando, esto provocó lesiones graves en la mucosa oral. La importancia de estas lesiones pos-anestésicas radica en la prevención, es decir que el profesional que atienda pacientes pediátricos, debe prevenir y evitar estas lesiones graves autoinflingidas por el niño, dándole las recomendaciones verbalmente y por escrito a los padres.

Summary Background and aims: Baccharis notosergila is an aggressive weed inhabiting the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The aims were: to analyze the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of aerial vegetative organs in order to understand the adaptation strategies that ensure its survival, as well as to expand knowledge on traits determining resistance to the control methods applied. M&M: The material collected was prepared and examined with conventional techniques of microscopy. Histochemical tests were performed. Results: The major features found were small and deciduous leaves; uniseriate epidermis with massive and striate cuticle; stomata at level or slightly above the other epidermal cells and glandular trichomes secreting oily substances; stomata on both surfaces and isobilateral mesophyll. Starch, phenolic and lipophilic substances, and resins were identified in leaves and stems, and calcium oxalate crystals in leaves, stems and capitate trichomes. Conclusions: The aerial vegetative organs features of B. notosergila explain its tolerance to the unfavorable conditions of the Salado river basin area, as well as its competitive ability over others species of the natural prairie. The reduced and deciduous leaves, the epidermal traits, and chemical substances found constitute a physical and chemical barrier reducing dehydration as well as the penetration of the herbicides applied for its control. Botanical knowledge of B. notosergila is the basis to develop new and appropiate management methods for this species.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Baccharis notosergila es una maleza agresiva que habita la Depresión del Salado, provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los objetivos fueron: analizar la morfo-anatomía e histoquímica de los órganos vegetativos aéreos para entender las estrategias de adaptación que aseguran su sobrevivencia, así como profundizar el conocimiento sobre los caracteres que determinan la resistencia a los métodos de control. M&M: El material recolectado fue preparado y analizado con técnicas convencionales para microscopía. Se realizaron pruebas histoquímicas. Resultados: Los principales caracteres encontrados fueron hojas pequeñas y caedizas, anfistomáticas con mesofilo isobilateral; epidermis uniseriada, cutícula masiva y estriada, estomas a nivel o ligeramente elevados y tricomas glandulares que secretan sustancias oleosas. Se identificaron sustancias lipofílicas y fenólicas, almidón y resinas en hojas y tallos y se hallaron cristales de oxalato de calcio en hojas, tallos y tricomas capitados. Conclusiones: Las características de los órganos vegetativos aéreos de B. notosergila explican su tolerancia a las condiciones desfavorables del área de la Depresión del Salado, así como su habilidad competitiva y predominancia sobre otras especies de la pradera natural. Las hojas pequeñas y deciduas, sus características epidérmicas y sustancias químicas encontradas constituyen una barrera física y química para la deshidratación y penetración de los herbicidas aplicados para su control. El conocimiento botánico de B. notosergila es la base para el desarrollo de nuevos y apropiados métodos para el manejo de esta especie.

abstract background: the recovery of areas impacted by mining activities is a major challenge and requires knowledge of how the biological and biochemical processes of the soil as well as the establishment of plant species are affected by mining residue. in this work, the influence of deposition of iron mining mud and tailings on soil biochemical attributes and the initial development of tree seedlings was studied in a simulated event in the greenhouse. pots (n = 27) with natural soil (2.0 kg) received deposition (280 ml) of iron mining mud or tailings and by three-month was cultivated with urochloa decumbens. at the end of this period, part of the pots was sampled and the soil biochemical activities were evaluated. then tree seedlings (schinus terebinthifolius and eremanthus incanus) were planted and cultivated for a year, when then shoot (sdw) and roots (rdw) dry weight were evaluated. results: deposition of iron mining mud and tailings did not affect microbial biomass carbon or basal soil respiration, however both conditions reduced (p < 0.05) β-glucosidase activities by up to 30%, and the easy extractable glomalin by about 19%. in addition, the mud deposition reduced (p < 0.05) the sdw and rdw of s. terebinthifolius by about 21% and 24%, respectively. nevertheless, uruchloa decumbens and eremanthus incanus had no variation in dry weight production between treatments, so they have good ability to grow settle in soil affected by mining residue. conclusion: this study shows that the sequential planting of u. decumbens and e. incanus can be an alternative for use in environments with deposition of iron mining tailings.

As part of a study of post-fire regeneration of native vegetation in montane areas near Falda del Carmen (Sierras Chicas, Córdoba, Argentina), we analyzed the aerial seed bank to help identify the species present in soil samples. Among families with greater diversity and abundance in the study area, the Malvaceae are represented by 14 species belonging to the genera: Abutilon, Gaya, Krapovickasia, Malvastrum, Pavonia, Pseudabutilon, Sida and Sphaeralcea. Two dichotomous keys are presented to differentiate the species using the morphological characters of diaspores, mericarps and seeds, respectively, accompanied by descriptions and illustrations of the structures examined. These keys take into account mericarp morphology (shape, size, dorsal and lateral surface, dehiscence, cusps, pubescence, internal divisions, number of seeds per mericarp) and seed morphology (size, shape, surface, pubescence, hilum).

En el marco de un estudio de regeneración post-incendio de la vegetación autóctona en campos de sierra ubicados en proximidades de Falda del Carmen (Sierras Chicas, Córdoba, Argentina), se ha analizado el banco de semillas aéreo para facilitar la identificación de las especies presentes en las muestras de suelo. Entre las familias con mayor diversidad y abundancia en la zona evaluada, las Malvaceae se encuentran representadas por 14 especies pertenecientes a los géneros: Abutilon Mill., Gaya Kunth., Krapovickasia Fryxell, Malvastrum A. Gray, Pavonia Cav., Pseudabutilon R. E. Fr., Sida L. y Sphaeralcea A. St.-Hil.. Se presentan dos claves dicotómicas para diferenciar las especies utilizando caracteres morfológicos de las diásporas, mericarpos y semillas respectivamente, acompañadas por las descripciones y las ilustraciones de las estructuras consideradas. Se tienen en cuenta aspectos morfológicos de los mericarpos (forma, tamaño, superficie de las caras dorsal y laterales, dehiscencia, aristas, pubescencia, divisiones internas, número de semillas por mericarpo) y de las semillas (forma, tamaño, superficie, pubescencia, hilo).

The town of Las Grutas, in a semiarid region on the north west coast of San Matías Gulf (Argentina), is intersected by two drainage basins that are activated immediately after intense rainfall events. These events generate flows capable of producing local flooding, such as the flood of April 2004. The purpose of this study is to establish the hydrologic behavior of these geoforms and the manner in which the land use interacts with them. The lack of hydrometric records necessitates the explanation and prediction of hydrologic responses through empirical approaches such as fluvial morphometry and the USDA Soil Conservation Service curve number (1972), supported by Geographical Information System technology. The study area has characteristics that favor the concentration of runoff into streams during extreme events. First-order segments play an important role in the hydrologic response, showing great potential to receive surface runoff. The effect of urbanization produces an additional runoff of 17.3% and 2.1% in the respective basins. A potential increase in the number of these extreme events in the future due to climate change may lead to more disturbances in the urbanized area. The results of the present study will contribute to the implementation of measures to mitigate the consequences of floods.

La localidad de Las Grutas está emplazada en una región semiárida, en la costa Noroccidental del Golfo San Matías (Argentina) y es intersectada por dos cuencas de drenaje que responden ante eventos de precipitaciones intensas. Estos eventos generan flujos capaces de producir riesgos de inundación local, tal como la inundación de abril de 2004. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer el comportamiento hidrográfico de dichas geoformas y la manera en el cual los usos de la tierra interactúan con ellas. La falta de registros hidrométricos conduce a explicar y predecir respuestas a través de aproximaciones empíricas como el análisis morfométrico fluvial y el número de curva del Servicio de Conservación del Suelo de los Estados Unidos (1972), apoyados en sistemas de información geográfica. El área en estudio presenta características que favorecen la concentración del escurrimiento en cauces durante eventos extremos. Los segmentos de primer orden juegan un rol importante en la respuesta hidrológica. El efecto de la urbanización produce un efecto adicional del 17.3 y 2.1% de escurrimiento en cada cuenca. El incremento potencial del número de eventos extremos en el futuro debido al cambio climático, podría conducir a mayores perturbaciones en el área urbanizada. Los resultados contribuirán a implementar medidas que mitiguen posibles consecuencias de los peligros de inundación.

In this paper, the operation performance of CaPaMan 2bis (Cassino Parallel Manipulator 2 bis) was investigated through lab experimental tests and computer simulations. Milli-CaTraSys (Milli-Cassino Tracking System) was implemented to determine displacements and orientation variations of CaPaMan 2bis end-effector during experimental tests. A 3D (three dimension) virtual model was built in ADAMS environment to simulate the operation behavior for different prescribed motions. Several prescribed motions have been simulated and tested under different conditions in order to characterize the system behavior. In particular, the kinematic characteristics were obtained from both, experimental tests and numerical simulations. Finally, experiment results and simulation computations were compared for purpose of performance evaluation and design characterization of the parallel manipulator structure and its prototype.

En este trabajo se investiga el desempeño de la operación del manipulador paralelo CaPaMan 2bis a través de pruebas experimentales y de simulaciones numéricas. El sistema Milli-CaTraSys se implementó para determinar la variación de los desplazamientos y la orientación del órgano terminal de CaPaMan 2bis durante las pruebas experimentales. Un modelo 3D desarrollado en ADAMS fue utilizado para simular el comportamiento operacional para diferentes movimientos prescritos. Tales movimientos han sido simulados y verificados bajo diferentes condiciones con el fin de caracterizar el comportamiento del sistema. En particular, se obtienen características cinemáticas de las pruebas experimentales y de las simulaciones numéricas. Finalmente, se comparan los resultados experimentales con los cálculos de simulación con el propósito de evaluar el desempeño y la caracterización del diseño del manipulador paralelo y su prototipo.

The Kilham rat virus (KRV) is a parvovirus originally isolated from a rat sarcoma in the late 1950s. The clinical signs associated with a natural KRV infection include foetal resorption in dams, runtin, ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia and jaundice in suckling rats, and sudden death, scrotal cyanosis, abdominal swelling and dehydration in juvenile rats. The ability of this virus to produce persistent infections has resulted in a high frequency of contamination of cell cultures and transplantable-tumor system. In addition, the virus may interfere with research in other ways. The remarkable resistance to environmental conditions determines the importance of the detection and control of this agent, especially in the laboratory animal production. This study determines the seroprevalence of Kilham antibodies from sera of adult rats from conventional facilities, using the haemagglutination inhibition test. The seroprevalence varied between 27.8% and 75%. This result confirms that the virus is circulating in Argentinean conventional facilities and might be interfering with research. The recognized Kilham virus may be prevented from supply sources by implementing a health monitoring schedule including a regular serological surveillance, and by keeping the animals under barrier systems.

El virus Kilham es un parvovirus aislado originalmente a partir de un sarcoma de rata, a fines de la década del 50. Los signos clínicos que produce son reabsorción fetal, disminución del crecimiento, ataxia, hipoplasia cerebelar, ictericia en lactantes, muerte súbita, cianosis escrotal, hinchazón abdominal y deshidratación de ratas jóvenes. La capacidad del virus para producir infecciones persistentes hace que los cultivos celulares derivados de ratas puedan estar contaminados. Además, el virus puede interferir con los ensayos de investigación de diferentes formas. La resistencia a las condiciones ambientales determina la importancia de la detección y el control de este agente, particularmente en la producción de animales de laboratorio. En este estudio se analizó la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el virus Kilham en ratas adultas provenientes de bioterios convencionales de Argentina utilizando la prueba de inhibición de la hemoaglutinación. La seroprevalencia varió entre 27,8% y 75%. Este resultado confirma que el virus está circulando en los bioterios convencionales de Argentina, por lo que podría estar interfiriendo con las investigaciones. La infección por este virus debe ser prevenida aplicando sistemas de vigilancia y control, y manteniendo a los animales con sistemas de barrera.

Objective: A descriptive study was conducted on patients with uveitis to determine the frequency of associated autoimmune systemic diseases. Methods: 64 patients with uveitis were studied. The patients were not known to have an underlying autoimmune systemic disease prior to the diagnosis of uveitis. All patients had the following immunological tests performed: serum immunoglobulins, complement components, circulating immune complexes (CIC), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and major histocompatibilty complex antigens. Results: A relationship with a sub-clinical autoimmune systemic disorder could be presumed in eleven cases (17.2%). This was defined by positive autoantibodies (ANA, ANCA or ACA) in the presence of complement consumption, hyper-gammaglobulinemia or increased CIC without clinical criteria of a defined autoimmune disease. A definite association with systemic autoimmune disease was defined in four patients (6.25%). The observed autoimmune systemic diseases were Sjögren’s syndrome (n=2, 3.13%), anti-phospholipid syndrome associated with lupus-like disease (n=1, 1.6%), and systemic vasculitis (n=1, 1.6%). Lupus-like disease (n=4, 6.25%) was also observed. Conclusion: In a significant proportion of patients with uveitis an autoimmune systemic disorder may be present and should be looked for.

Objetivo: La realización de un estudio descriptivo en pacientes con uveítis para establecer la frecuencia de enfermedad autoimmune sistémica asociada. Métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio 64 pacientes con uveítis. Ninguno de los pacientes estudiados tenia una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica conocida antes del diagnóstico de uveítis. A todos los pacientes se les realizó un protocolo diagnóstico que incluyó las siguientes pruebas inmunológicas: inmunoglobulinas séricas, factores del complemento, inmunocomplejos circulantes (ICC), anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA), anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA), anticuerpos anticardiolipina (ACA) y antígenos del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad. Resultados: En once casos (17,2%) se objetivó asociación con un proceso autoinmune subclínico caracterizado por la positividad de autoanticuerpos (ANA, ANCA o ACA) en presencia de consumo de complemento, hipergammaglobulinemia o ICC elevados, sin que los pacientes cumpliesen criterios clínicos de una enfermedad autoinmune. Se encontró una asociación definitiva con enfermedad autoimmune sistémica en cuatro pacientes (6,25%). Las enfermedades autoinmunes observadas fueron el síndrome de Sjögren (n=2, 3,13%), síndrome antifosfolípido asociado a enfermedad lupus like (n=1, 1,6%) y vasculitis sistémica (n=1, 1,6%). También se observó un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad lupus like (n=4, 6,25%). Conclusión: En una proporción de pacientes con uveítis puede existir un proceso autoimmune sistémico subyacente.

The overall goal of Pan American CLIVAR Research on the North American Monsoon System is to determine the sources und limits of predictability of warm season precipitation over North America, with emphasis on time scales ranging up to seasonal-to-interannual-. To achieve this goal, several research objectives have been identified including (1) a better understanding of the key components of the monsoon system and their temporal and spatial variability, (2) a better understanding of the role of this system within the global water cycle, (3) Improved observational data sets, and (4) improved simulation and monthly-to-seasonal prediction of the monsoon and regional water resources. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress made towards achieving these objectives and to highlight some of the future challenges based on gaps in our understanding.

La meta general de la Investigación Panamericana CLIVAR sobre el Sistema Monzónico Norteamericano es la determinación de las fuentes y límites de predictabilidad de la precipitación de la estación caliente en Norteamérica, con énfasis en escalas de tiempo que van hasta la estacional e interanual. Para alcanzar esta meta se han identificado varios objetivos de investigación incluyendo: 1. un mejor entendimiento de las componentes clave del sistema monzónico y su variabilidad espacial y temporal, 2. una mejor comprensión del papel de este sistema dentro del ciclo hidrológico global, 3. datos observacionales mejorados y 4. simulación y predicción mensual y estacional mejoradas del monzón y los recursos hidráulicos regionales. El propósito de este artículo es revisar el avance reciente que se ha hecho para alcanzar estos objetivos y resaltar algunos de los desafíos futuros basados en las deficiencias de nuestra comprensión.

Euphorbia dentata Michaux é uma espécie de ciclo primaveril-estival, de recente introdução na zona central da Província de Buenos Aires. Nos últimos anos, no distrito de Azul, adiquiriu importância como planta daninha ocupando uma grande área agrícola, principalmente de soja, milho e girassol. Atualmente, o pouco conhecimento desta espécie dificulta o emprego de métodos de manejo racionais e eficientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a área de difusão desta planta daninha na região de azul; descrever suas características botânicas e estudar o seu comportamento nesta área através de diversos aspectos biológicos que pudessem ser relevantes para estabelecer programas de controle. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos em toda área agricultável da região durante os anos de 1993/94, 1994/95 e 1995/96. Nas áreas de amostragem determinou-se a presença e densidade e, diversos aspectos relacionados a biologia como emergência, germinação, número de frutos e sementes por planta e peso seco. Determinou-se a viabilidade das sementes e descreveu-se botanicamente a espécie. Verificou-se que a espécie ocupa uma superfície aproximada de 250.000 ha, o que representa 40% do distrito de Azul e 85% da área cultivada, com níveis de infestação que vão desde 20 a 200 plantas/m2. Sob condições naturais ocorrem dois picos de emergência e, a floração foi induzida pelo fotoperíodo. Em geral as plantas produzem uma grande quantidade de sementes e com alta viabilidade. Para um melhor conhecimento da espécie, esta encontra-se descrita botanicamente.

Euphorbia dentata Michaux is an annual species which grows during spring and summer. Its has been recently introduced in the Province of Buenos Aires. In Azul district, during the last few years it has become an important weed with increasing propagation occuping a high proportio of agricultural land associated mainly with soybean, corn and sunflower crops. At present the limited available knowledge about this species makes difficult a rational and efficient management. Field studies to determine the propagation in the district of Azul, were conducted during three years. To check its propagation, enquiries to farmers were made. Also, all over the district, a transect across the agricultural land was conducted to survey several biological characteristics. The presence, density, emergence, germination, fruit and seed number per plant and dry weight were determined. Seeds have high viability. Its was demonstrated that the species occupies na area of approximately 250.000 ha that represent 40% of the district and 85% of the cultivated land, with levels of infestation from 20 to 200 plants per square metre. Under natural condition the weed shows two peaks of emergence and flowering is induced by day lenght. The species is described in detail and illustrated.

Neste trabalho, a comparação da reserva de glicogênio é utilizada para entender as modificações na sensibilidade mitocondrial ao Ãon cálcio. Basicamente porque alterações mitocondriais que envolvam perda da atividade de fosforilação oxidativa provocam rápida utilização dos estoques de glicogênio. Nossos resultados sugerem que as alterações mitocondriais fazem parte do mecanismo de lesão isquémica.

Glycogen levels are measured in order to further understand the role of Cadependent increased sensibility of mitochondria from ischemic heart. Changes in mitochondrial function that include loss of phosphorylative activity quickly increase glycogenosis. Our results suggest that mitochondrial changes are related to the ischemic damage.