Resumo A infecção por micobactérias não tuberculosas é uma das doenças bacterianas crônicas mais comuns em peixes ornamentais de aquário e parece estar diretamente relacionada a práticas de manejo estressantes. Além disso, também representa potencial zoonótico. Aqui, apresentamos o isolamento e a caracterização de micobactérias não tuberculosas de peixes-anjo de água doce doentes (Pterophyllum scalare) em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas nove fêmeas reprodutoras descartadas com sinais de doença. Os peixes exibiam letargia, perda de apetite, caquexia, úlceras cutâneas e exoftalmia. Na necropsia, quatro peixes apresentaram granulomas macroscópicos no baço. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare e M. peregrinum foram isolados e identificados por análise de restrição por PCR de hsp65. A análise histopatológica revelou lesões microscópicas compatíveis com micobacteriose, e o bacilo de Mycobacterium foi observado pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Notavelmente, todas as espécies de Mycobacterium identificadas neste estudo já foram relatadas em pacientes humanos; portanto, animais doentes podem ser uma fonte de infecção para pessoas que manipulam peixes e aquários.

Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial diseases in ornamental aquarium fish and appears to be directly related to stressful husbandry practices. Furthermore, it also represents zoonotic potential. Here we present the isolation and characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from diseased freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) in São Paulo, Brazil. Nine discarded breeding females with signs of disease were evaluated. The fish exhibited lethargy, loss of appetite, cachexia, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia. At necropsy, four fishes presented macroscopic granulomas in the spleen. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare and M. peregrinum were isolated and identified by hsp65 PCR restriction analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed microscopic lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis, and Mycobacterium bacillus were observed by Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Notably, all Mycobacterium species identified in this study have already been reported in human patients; therefore, diseased animals may be a source of infection for people who handle fish and aquariums.

Abstract Background and Aims: The donor risk index (DRI) quantifies donor-related characteristics potentially associated with increased risk of early graft failure. We aimed to assess the impact of the DRI, recipient and perioperative factors on post liver transplant (LT) outcomes. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study including all adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent LT from 01/2019 to 12/2019 at Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. Primary endpoint was 1-year graft failure post LT. Associations were studied with logistic regression. Results: A total of 131 cadaveric donor LT procedures were performed in 116 recipients. Recipients’ median (IQR) age was 57 (47-64) years and 101/131 (77.1%) were males. Cirrhosis was the underlying etiology in 95/131 (81.2%) transplants. Based on 8 predefined donors’ characteristics, median (IQR) DRI was 1.96 (1.67-2.16). Following adjustment for MELDNa score pre LT and SOFA score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.91 [0.56-1.47]) or lactate (aOR [95% CI] = 2.76 [0.71-10.7]) upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission post LT, DRI was not associated with 1-year graft failure. However, higher SOFA score (aOR [95% CI] = 1.20 [1.05-1.37]) or lactate (aOR [95% CI] = 1.27 [1.10-1.46]) upon ICU admission post LT were independently associated with higher odds of 1-year graft failure. Conclusions: In a recent cohort of patients who under-went LT, DRI, despite being high, was not associated with 1-year graft failure, but SOFA score or lactate upon ICU ad-mission post LT were.

Resumo Introdução: O índice de risco do dador (DRI) quantifica as características relacionadas com o dador potencialmente associadas com risco acrescido de falência precoce do enxerto. Procurou-se avaliar o impacto do DRI e factores relacionados com os receptores e cirurgia nos resultados clínicos após transplante hepático (LT). Materiais e Métodos: Estudo coorte retrospectivo de centro único incluindo todos os doentes adultos (≥18 anos) que receberam LT entre 01/2019 e 12/2019 no Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal. O endpoint primário foi a falência do enx-erto após um ano do LT. As associações foram estudadas com regressão logística. Resultados: Um total de 131 transplantes de dadores cadavéricos foram realizados em 116 receptores. A idade mediana (IQR) destes foi 57 (47-64) anos e 101/131 (77.1%) eram homens. A cirrose foi a etiologia subjacente em 95/131 (81.2%) transplantes. Com base nas 8 características dos dadores predefinidas, o DRI mediano (IQR) foi 1.96 (1.67-2.16). Após ajuste para o score MELDNa pre LT e o score SOFA (odds ratio ajustado [aOR], intervalo de confiança 95% [CI] = 0.91 [0.56-1.47]) ou o lactato (aOR [95% CI] = 2.76 [0.71-10.7]) após admissão na unidade de cuidados intensivos (ICU) pós LT, o DRI não se associou com a falência do enxerto um ano depois do LT. Contudo, um maior score SOFA (aOR [95% CI] = 1.20 [1.05-1.37]) ou lactato (aOR [95% CI] = 1.27 [1.10-1.46]) após admissão na ICU depois do LT associaram-se independentemente com a falência do enxerto um ano depois do LT. Conclusões: Num coorte recente de doentes submetidos a LT, o DRI, apesar de alto, não se associou com a falência precoce do enxerto precoce. Contudo, o score SOFA ou lactato após admissão na ICU depois do LT associaram-se com a falência precoce do enxerto.

Resumen La evaluación de la expresión del ligando 1 de muerte programada (PD-L1) es un criterio de elegibilidad para la inmunoterapia anti-PD-L1 en el carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE). También deben evaluarse otros componentes del microambiente tisular. Aquí se informaron cuatro casos de carcinoma de células escamosas orales. Se realizaron análisis histopatológicos del grado tumoral y TIL (infiltrado inflamatorio asociado a tumor) e inmunohistoquímica para CD4, CD8 y PD-L1. Los casos se clasificaron según el microambiente tisular en resistencia inmunitaria adaptativa, ignorancia inmunológica, tolerancia o inducción intrínseca. Este análisis destaca la importancia de comprender el microambiente inmunológico que puede presentar el COCE para la identificación de dianas terapéuticas más eficaces contra la enfermedad.

Abstract The evaluation of the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD-L1) is an eligibility criterion for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Other components of tissue microenvironment should also be evaluated. Here, four cases of oral squamous cells carcinoma were reported. Histopathological analysis of tumor grade and TILs and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 was done. The cases were classified according to the tissue microenvironment in adaptive immune resistance, immunological ignorance, tolerance, or intrinsic induction. This analysis highlights the importance of understanding the immunological microenvironment that the OSCC can present for the identification of more effective therapeutic targets against the disease.

Abstract This study aimed to search parasites in 333 ornamental fish from five Brazilian states (Ceará, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina). Fish were sent from eight farms located in the municipalities of Fortaleza, Patrocínio do Muriaé, São Francisco do Glória, Cascavel, Timbó, Iguape, Jacareí and Mairinque. All fish received anesthesia earlier to euthanasia procedures. After the search for parasites, it was verified that 70.6% (235/333) of fishes were infected by at least one type of parasite, being 12 types of parasites identified: monogeneans, digenean metacercariae, cestodes, nematodes, Lernaea cyprinacea, trichodinids, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, diplomonad flagellates, Ichthyobodo sp., Chilodonella sp., and Tetrahymena sp. The proportion of infected fishes among the farms is compared through statistical tests, besides, animal handling adopted in each farm is also discussed. The importance of ensuring fish health in order to make the ornamental freshwater fish industry economically viable and reduce losses in production is highlighted.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar parasitas presentes em 333 peixes ornamentais de cinco estados brasileiros (Ceará, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná e Santa Catarina). Os peixes eram oriundos de oito pisciculturas localizadas nos municípios de Fortaleza, Patrocínio do Muriaé, São Francisco do Glória, Cascavel, Timbó, Iguape, Jacareí e Mairinque. Todos os peixes foram anestesiados e eutanasiados para a pesquisa de parasitas. Após análise microscópica, foi verificado que 70.6% (235/333) dos peixes estavam infectados por ao menos uma espécie de parasita, sendo identificados 12 tipos: monogenoides, metacercárias, cestoides, nematoides, Lernaea cyprinacea, tricodinídeos, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, flagelados diplomonados, Ichthyobodo sp., Chilodonella sp., e Tetrahymena sp. A proporção de peixes infectados entre cada piscicultura é comparada através de testes estatísticos, além disso, o manejo adotado pelas diferentes pisciculturas também é discutido. A importância de assegurar a sanidade de peixes ornamentais, de forma a tornar a atividade economicamente viável e reduzir perdas na produção é enfatizada.

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that ketamine’s influence on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be involved in its mechanism of rapid antidepressant action. We aimed to evaluate the differential impact of ketamine and esketamine on serum BDNF levels and its association with response patterns in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods Participants (n = 53) are from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy of single-dose ketamine (0.5mg/kg, n = 27) and esketamine (0.25mg/kg, n = 26) in TRD. Depression severity was assessed before and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after the intervention, using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Blood samples were collected before infusion, 24 hours, and 7 days afterwards. Results There were no significant changes in BDNF levels at post-infusion evaluation points, and no difference in BDNF levels comparing ketamine and esketamine. Both drugs exhibited similar therapeutic effect. There was no association between BDNF levels and response to treatment or severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion There was no significant treatment impact on BDNF serum levels – neither with ketamine nor esketamine – despite therapeutic response. These results suggest that ketamine or esketamine intervention for TRD has no impact on BDNF levels measured at 24 hours and 7 days after the infusion. This clinical trial is registered on the Japan Primary Registries Network: UMIN000032355.

Abstract Low density sugarcane plantation (LDSP) has been implemented by some sugarcane producers in Brazil, aiming to save seeds and operational costs. The study was carried out in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Five planting densities were used, varying from 5 to 25 m-2 of buds arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications. Data were measured annually over three cultivation cycles (2017 to 2020), during which the field was fertilized with NPK and the harvests were carried out manually without prior burning. The lower planting density presents higher productivity only in the cane plant (101.03 t ha-1) due to the higher plant height (2.37 m) and the higher number of stalks (11 stalks m-2), suggesting that these variables are due to the greater availability of light, water and photosynthate. However, there is a drastic reduction in sugarcane yield for this lower population in the 2nd ratoon by up to 65.62%, which is correlated with number of stalks per meter. We demonstrate the agronomic viability of LDSP in the population of 10 buds m-2 in relation to conventional planting of sugarcane until the 2nd ratoon. Data are important for future studies to present additional considerations for other production factors, such as the effects of mechanized harvesting and the management of nutrients and water, assessing the sustainability of this large-scale planting system.

Resumo O método de plantio de cana-de-açúcar de baixa densidade (LDSP) vem sendo implementado por alguns produtores de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, visando economia de sementes e custos operacionais. O estudo foi realizado no município de Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se cinco densidades de plantio, variando de 5 a 25 m-2 de gemas dispostas em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram medidos anualmente ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo (2017 a 2020). Menor densidade de plantio mostrou maior produtividade (101,03 t ha-1) devido à maior altura de planta (2,37 m) e ao maior número de hastes (NS) (11 hastes m-2), sugerindo que essas variáveis são devido à maior disponibilidade de luz, água e fotoassimilados. No entanto, houve redução drástica na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar para esta população menor na 2ª soca em 65,62%, estando correlacionado com o número de colmos por metro. Demonstramos a viabilidade agronômica do LDSP em uma população de 10 gemas m-2 em relação ao plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar até a 2ª soca. Os dados são importantes para que estudos futuros apresentem considerações adicionais sobre outros fatores de produção, como os efeitos da colheita mecanizada e do manejo de nutrientes e água, avaliando a sustentabilidade desse sistema de plantio em larga escala.

Resumo A busca por alimentos saudáveis tem atraído a atenção da indústria para o desenvolvimento de produtos que utilizam ingredientes naturais, incluindo antioxidantes naturais. Os antioxidantes atuam como radicais livres ou sequestradores de oxigênio, inibindo a oxidação lipídica e afetando adversamente a qualidade sensorial e nutricional dos produtos cárneos. Vários antioxidantes sintéticos têm sido usados na indústria da carne; no entanto, estudos apontam riscos à saúde relacionados ao seu consumo. Tal fato impulsiona a pesquisa de antioxidantes naturais extraídos de grãos, oleaginosas, especiarias, frutas e vegetais, que podem ter um efeito de promoção da saúde. Este manuscrito avalia a eficácia de vários antioxidantes naturais na melhoria da qualidade e prazo de validade de produtos de carne de frango durante o processamento, armazenamento e distribuição. Os efeitos potenciais de antioxidantes naturais amplamente utilizados em produtos de frango também são discutidos. Pode-se concluir que esses antioxidantes naturais são possíveis substitutos dos sintéticos. No entanto, seu uso pode afetar as características do produto. oxigênio cárneos entanto consumo grãos oleaginosas especiarias vegetais processamento distribuição discutidos Podese Pode se produto

Abstract The search for healthy foods has attracted the industry’s attention to developing products that use natural ingredients, including natural antioxidants. Antioxidants act as free radicals or oxygen scavengers, inhibiting lipid oxidation and adversely affecting meat products' sensory and nutritional quality. Several synthetic antioxidants have been used in the meat industry; however, studies point to health risks related to their consumption. Such fact drives research into natural antioxidants extracted from grains, oilseeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables, which may have a health-promoting effect. This manuscript evaluates the effectiveness of several natural antioxidants in improving the quality and shelf life of chicken meat products during processing, storage, and distribution. The potential effects of natural antioxidants widely used in chicken products are also discussed. It can be concluded that these natural antioxidants are possible substitutes for synthetic ones. However, their use can affect the product's characteristics. industrys industry s ingredients scavengers however consumption grains oilseeds spices fruits vegetables healthpromoting promoting effect processing storage distribution discussed ones However product characteristics

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.

Abstract This work reports an experimental investigation on the thermodynamic and kinetic view-point of the nitrided layer growth behavior, carried out separately at ferrite and austenite phase grains, for the UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS). For this purpose, and motivated by the DSSs distinct behavior showing formation of two- or single-phase nitrided layers, which apparently depend on the steel substrate chemical composition, two series of treatment were studied here, one varying the nitriding temperature on the 300-450 °C range for 4 h time, and other one varying the time on the 2-8 h range at 350 °C. Microstructural characterization of studied layers by means of SEM and EDS analysis, XRD and microhardness measurements showed precipitation-free nitrogen-expanded austenite layer formation on both steel phases for all samples treated up to 400 °C. The nitriding kinetics study showed that the layer thickness on both steel phases is proportional to the square root of the treatment time and follows an Arrhenius law for the studied treatment temperatures. The nitrogen diffusion activation energy, separately determined from the layer growth on each steel phase, was 115±3.2 and 120±5.4 kJmol-1, for austenite and ferrite grains, respectively.

Abstract Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the leading cause of canine pyoderma. Honeybee products are common to treat this and other types of infections. High average annual population loss of bees has been observed. This study evaluated antibacterial and antibiofilm profile of Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia against S. pseudintermedius and the chemical similarities among both. Ethanolic extracts were produced and chemically characterized. The isolates were subjected to treatment with the extracts in both planktonic and sessile forms. Green propolis minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.156 mg / mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.312mg / mL. Baccharis dracunculifolia extract MIC and MBC was 0.312mg / mL and 2.5 mg / mL, respectivelly. Both extracts reduced SD55 formation of biofilm at minimum inhibitory concentration and at 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration. The results observed in relation to ED99, were similar for both extracts. Besides that, similar chemical indicators between both extracts, including the presence of Artepellin C, suggest that the Baccharis dracunculifolia extract could be an alternative to the Green Propolis extract in the treatment of staph infections.

Abstract Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identification, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region.

RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar a Feira de Inovação e Empreendedorismo realizada pelo Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (Furb), a fim de descrever os fatores pertinentes à sua realização por meio digital. Originalidade/valor: O estudo apresenta elementos para compreender as condições de implementação e os desafios que envolvem a realização de feiras tecnológicas no âmbito de organizações de ensino superior, por meio de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Design/metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem descritivo-interpretativista. É descritiva porque consiste em produto de observação de fatos e procedimentos adotados no âmbito de uma organização de ensino superior. É interpretativista porque considera que os fatos e procedimentos que constituem o objeto de estudo pressupõem o contexto intersubjetivo a partir do qual a observação foi realizada. Resultados: O estudo permitiu reconhecer que a Feira de Inovação e Empreendedorismo, realizada ao longo de sete anos no âmbito do Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Furb adequou-se ao meio digital nas oitava e nona edições do evento. Essa iniciativa, decorrente da necessidade garantir a segurança diante da pandemia da Covid-19, além de ser o primeiro grande evento da Furb realizado integralmente em meio digital, implicou desafios logísticos no sentido de compatibilizar práticas e processos presenciais com o ambiente e os recursos da rede mundial de computadores.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this article is to explore the Innovation and Entre-preneurship Fair held by the Technological Sciences Center of the Regional University of Blumenau (Universidade Regional de Blumenau [Furb]), to describe the relevant factors in its execution through the digital environment. Originality/value: This study presents elements to understand the conditions of implementation and the challenges involved in holding technological fairs within the scope of higher education organizations through information and communication technologies (ICT). Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research with a descriptive-interpretative approach. The descriptive approach consisted of observing facts and procedures adopted within the scope of a higher education institution. The interpretive approach examined that the facts and procedures that constitute the object of study presuppose the intersubjective context from which the observation was made. Findings: The study allowed us to recognize that the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fair, held over seven years at the Center for Technological Sciences of Furb, has adapted to digital media in its eighth and ninth editions. Due to the need to follow health and safety protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic, this initiative added to the fact that it is the first major Furb event held entirely in digital form. It presented logistical challenges to make practices and processes compatible with the environment and resources of the world wide web.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Chagas disease (CD), whose etiological agent is the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) parasite, affects about eight million people, mainly in Latin America. The cruzain enzyme is highlighted among the main biological targets, since it is the most abundant of the cysteine protease class from T. cruzi and is involved in the entire life cycle of the parasite, essential in regulating the interaction between parasite and host. The drugs available for the treatment of CD usually have strong side effects, and the nitro(triazole/imidazole)-based heteroarylamide/sulfonamide compounds (HA/S) emerge with high antitrypanosomal potential. In this study, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) were built using partial least squares (PLS) regression, and the results were robust and adequate for predicting and proposing five new derivatives according to the statistical parameters. The docking results suggest that the best-scored HA/S derivatives showed hydrogen bonds with the residuals that comprise the catalytic region of the enzyme. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, performed with different methods, revealed the strong stability of the compound obtained by the QSAR model of this study, in addition to a better binding free energy value than the HA/S obtained from literature.

ABSTRACT After more than a year since the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 or COVID-19 has reached the status of a global pandemic, the number of COVID-19 cases continues to rise in Brazil. As no effective treatment been approved yet, only mass vaccination can stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple COVID-19 vaccine candidates are under development and some are currently in use. This study aims to describe the characteristics of individuals who have registered in an online platform to participate in clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, participants’ characteristics according to age and presence of comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and differences of SARS-CoV-2 testing across different geographical areas/neighborhoods are provided. This was a cross-sectional web-based study conducted between September and December/2020, aiming to reach individuals aged ≥18 years who live in Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil. Among 21,210 individuals who completed the survey, 20,587 (97.1%) were willing to participate in clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines. Among those willing to participate, 57.8% individuals were aged 18-59 years and had no comorbidity, 33.7% were aged 18-59 years and had at least one comorbidity, and 8.6% were aged ≥ 60 years regardless the presence of any comorbidity. Almost half (42.6%) reported ever testing for COVID-19, and this proportion was lower among those aged ≥ 60 years (p < 0.001). Prevalence of positive PCR results was 16.0%, higher among those aged 18-59 years (p < 0.009). Prevalence of positive antibody result was 10.0%, with no difference across age and comorbidity groups. Participants from areas/neighborhoods with higher Human Development Index (HDI) reported ever testing for SARS-CoV-2 more frequently than those from lower HDI areas. Interest to participate in clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines candidates in Rio de Janeiro was significantly high. The online registry successfully reached out a large number of individuals with diverse sociodemographic, economic and clinical backgrounds.

RESUMO: O periquito-de-cara-suja (Pyrrhura griseipectus) é uma espécie de psitacídeo considerado pela IUCN como ameaçado de extinção, resultado do comércio ilegal e do desmatamento. Atualmente, essa espécie endêmica é encontrada apenas em três áreas no estado do Ceará, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a frequência e a diversidade de Enterobacteriaceae em periquitos de peito cinza adultos selvagens e determinar sua suscetibilidade a agentes antimicrobianos. Amostras de suabes cloacais foram coletadas de 27 indivíduos e de suabes ambientais (suabes de arrasto) de cinco ninhos utilizados por essas aves. Vinte e sete cepas de nove espécies de Enterobacteriaceae foram isoladas a partir de suabes cloacais, sendo as cepas bacterianas mais prevalentes Hafnia alvei (22%) e Pantoea agglomerans (22%). Das amostras ambientais de ninhos foram isoladas sete linhagens de três espécies bacterianas, sendo P. agglomerans a espécie mais frequente (100%). Vinte e dois dos 27 isolados (81,4%) exibiram resistência a antibióticos, variando de um a oito dos 12 antimicrobianos comumente usados. A resistência a amoxicilina foi a mais prevalente (70,4%), seguida por azitromicina (22,2%) e ceftriaxona (18,5%). Nenhuma das cepas era resistente à gentamicina, tobramicina, ciprofloxacina ou tetraciclina. H. alvei foi a principal espécie que apresentou resistência a múltiplas drogas e que também esteve associada a um outro achado relevante desta pesquisa, que foi a detecção de um caso de resistência ao meropenem. Esses dados fornecem informações relevantes sobre a saúde desses periquitos selvagens ameaçados e permite concluir que os isolados obtidos fazem parte de um grupo de bactérias que normalmente compõe a microbiota entérica das aves, sendo a amoxicilina envolvida em elevadas taxas de resistência.

ABSTRACT: The grey-breasted parakeet (Pyrrhura griseipectus) is an endangered psittacine species that have been affected by illegal trade and deforestation. Currently, this endemic species is only found in three areas in Ceará state, in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and diversity of Enterobacteriaceae in wild adult grey-breasted parakeets and determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 27 individuals and environmental swabs (drag swabs) from five nests used by these birds. Twenty-seven strains from nine species of Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from cloacal swabs, and the most prevalent bacteria strains were Hafnia alvei (22%) and Pantoea agglomerans (22%). From environmental nest samples, seven strains from three bacterial species were isolated, being the P. agglomerans the most frequent species (100%). Twenty-two of the 27 isolates (81.4%) exhibited antibiotic resistance, varying from one to eight of the 12 antimicrobials commonly used. Resistance to amoxicillin was the most prevalent (70.4%), followed by azithromycin (22.2%) and ceftriaxone (18.5%). None of the strains were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin or tetracycline. The H. alvei was the main species presenting multidrug resistance, including resistance against meropenem, which is an important finding. These results could provide interesting information on the health of these endangered wild grey-breasted parakeets. They could also indicate that the obtained isolates are part of a group of bacteria that are typical components of the enteric microbiota of birds, which present elevated rates of resistance to amoxicillin.