Abstract The objective of this work was to associate the use of biofilms to Lippia sidoides (Lippia) and Morinda citrifolia (Noni) essential oils and their respective major constituents in post-harvest quality components. The evaluations in this study were chromatographic analysis the essential oils, fruit mass reduction effect, total soluble solids, peel color and fruit firmness. Regarding the adjustment and viability of the essential oil concentrations to be used in the treatments, a phytotoxicity test was performed. The main constituent found in Noni essential oil was octanoic acid, while for Lippia essential oil was thymol. The concentration of 3% of Noni and Lippia essential oils was the maximum to reach an acceptable level of phytotoxicity on papaya fruit peel. The paraffin + L. sidoides and paraffin + M. citrifolia treatments achieved the lowest reduction in pulp mass. In relation to total soluble solids, treatments did not show a significant difference. The best result for firmness was found in sunflower oil + noni coating. Sunflower oil + noni and sunflower oil + octanoic acid were the treatments that maintained normal yellow color in fruits for longer time.

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of lemon grass, citronella grass, Mexican-tea and noni essential oils on urediniospore germination of Olivea neotectonae , the agent responsible for rust in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.); to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of these essential oils on teak seedlings; and to evaluate the use of essential oils to control rust in teak plants when preventively and curatively applied. We found that the noni and lemon grass essential oils inhibited 100% of urediniospore germination. On the other hand, the essential oils from noni and lemon grass caused phytotoxicity when applied to seedlings at concentrations of 2000 and 1500 μL L-1, respectively. The major constituents found in lemon grass essential oil were Geranial and Neral, while Octanoic Acid was found in noni oil. Lower values in the area below the rust progress curve were observed with the preventive application of lemon grass and noni essential oils.

O Brasil é um grande produtor e exportador de carne bovina do mundo, 90% da produção é feita em pasto e 85% das pastagens cultivadas no país são do gênero Brachiaria. Com a intensificação da atividade pecuária nos últimos anos, várias doenças de forrageiras começaram a ter importância significativa, por causarem perdas em produtividade e qualidade de pastagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar as espécies de fungos associados a sementes e sua frequência em plantas forrageiras oriundas de regiões tropicais do Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios abordando: incidência, patogenicidade e transmissão semente - plântula, de fungos associados a sementes. Para tanto, foram utilizados 28 lotes de sementes de espécies forrageiras produzidas na safra 2010-2011. Foram encontrados 14 gêneros de fungos associados às sementes, dentre os quais Bipolaris sp., Phoma sp., e Curvularia sp, com potencial patogênico. Concluiu-se que Bipolaris sp. é patogênico às plântulas de forrageiras de Brachiaria, Crotalaria e Panicum. Bipolaris sp. e Curvularia sp. têm taxa de transmissão média respectivamente de 100% e 90% de sementes para plântulas.

Brazil is a major producer and exporter of beef in the world, 90% of the production is made in pasture and 85% of cultivated pastures in the country are Brachiaria sp. With a growing livestock industry in the recent years, several forage plant diseases became significant importance for causing losses in pasture productivity and quality. This study aims at quantifying the species of fungi associated with seeds and their frequency in forage plants from tropical regions of Brazil. Assays were performed considering: incidence, pathogenicity and seed-seedling transmission of fungi associated with seeds. Therefore, 28 lots of forage species seeds produced in the harvest of 2010-2011 were used. Fourteen genera of fungi associated with seeds were found, among which Bipolaris sp., Phoma sp., and Curvularia sp. had pathogenic potential. It was possible to note that Bipolaris sp., is prejudicial to forage seedlings of Brachiaria, Panicum and Crotalaria. Bipolaris sp. and Curvularia sp. have an average of seed-seedling transmission of 100% and 90%, respectively.