Durante 24 meses foram capturados, inspecionados e liberados no mesmo espaço do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, 96 marsupiais e 64 roedores. Neles foram recolhidos manualmente 105 carrapatos, de 10 espécies em duas famílias. A espécie de carrapato dominante entre os roedores foi Amblyomma longirostre e entre os marsupiais foi Ixodes loricatus. Houve correlação direta significativa entre a temperatura e a intensidade de parasitismo por carrapatos.

During 24 months 96 marsupials and 64 rodents were captured, inspected and set free in the same space of the Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro. From them, 105 ticks from 10 species in two families were manually collected. The dominant tick species on the rodents was Amblyomma longirostre and on the marsupials was Ixodes loricatus. There was a significant correlation of the temperature in relation to intensity of parasitism for ticks, demonstrating that the higher the temperature, greater is the number of ticks.

A água para o consumo humano e animal é um patrimônio cada vez mais escasso que é necessário preservar. O processo de desinfecção utilizado atualmente tem como base desinfetantes clorados, que em combinação com resíduos orgânicos, resultam em trihalometanos (potencialmente oncogênicos). A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de cinco extratos de plantas, capazes de promover desinfecção da água, frente a seis linhagens celulares, a saber: Vero (ATCC CCl81) African green monkey cells; MDBK (ATCC CCL 24) Martin Darby Bonne Kidney cells; MDCK (ATCC CCL 34) Canis familiaris kidney cells; CRFK (ATCC CCL 94) Felix catus kidney cells; PK 15 (ATCC CCL 33) Sus scrofa kidney cells; RK13 (ATCC CCL 37) Orytolagus cuniculus Kidney cells, e avaliar cultivos celulares mais sensíveis para o teste de toxicidade de extratos de plantas. Destes extratos, o mais tóxico foi o de Erva de Formigueiro (Chenopodium álbum) diante de todas as células testadas. O extrato de chapéu de couro (Sagittaria montevidensis) foi medianamente tóxico e os demais baleeira (Cordia curassavica), folha da fortuna (Bryophyllum pinnatum [Kurz]) e sete sangrias (Cuphea carthagenensis [Jacq.] J.F. Macbride) foram os menos tóxicos. Este resultado foi estatisticamente significativo (p=0,99), quando se comparou o extrato das plantas frente às concentrações e às células estudadas. Entre as células utilizadas, as mais sensíveis foram a VERO (rim de macaco) e a CRFK (rim de gato) quando comparadas com as demais foram (MDBK, MDCK, PK 15, RK 13), com diferença significativa (p=0,99). Conclui-se que há necessidade de serem avaliados os extratos vegetais quanto a toxicidade, antes do emprego como recursos de saúde, e que algumas células são mais eficazes que outras na detecção de efeito citopatogênico.

Freshwater for human and animal consumption is an increasingly rare patrimony that needs to be preserved. The currently adopted disinfection process uses chloride disinfectants which, combined with organic residues, result in trihalomethane (potentially oncogenic). The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of five plant extracts, capable of promoting water disinfection, against six cell lines: Vero (ATCC CCl81) African green monkey cells; MDBK (ATCC CCL 24) Martin Darby Bonne kidney cells; MDCK (ATCC CCL 34) Canis familiaris kidney cells; CRFK (ATCC CCL 94) Felix catus kidney cells; PK 15 (ATCC CCL 33) Sus scrofa kidney cells; RK13 (ATCC CCL 37) Oryctolagus cuniculus kidney cells, as well as to evaluate the most sensitive cell cultures for the toxicity test of plant extracts. The most toxic extract was that of white goosefoot (Chenopodium album) against all tested cells. California arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) extract had median toxicity and extracts of "erva baleeira" (Cordia curassavica), miracle leaf (Bryophyllum pinnatum [Kurz]) and colombian waxweed (Cuphea carthagenensis [Jacq.] J.F. Macbride) were the least toxic. This finding was statistically significant (p=0.99) when the plant extracts were compared regarding the concentrations and the studied cells. The most sensitive cells were VERO (monkey kidney) and CRFK (feline kidney) compared to the others (MDBK, MDCK, PK 15, RK 13), with significant difference (p=0.99). In conclusion, plant extracts must be evaluated as to their toxicity before being used as health resources and some cells are more effective than others in the detection of cytopathogenic effects.

O gênero Staphylococcus permanece em evidência no contexto das doenças transmissíveis considerando-se os portadores humanos e animais como a sua principal fonte de infecção. Por sua vez, a pesquisa de fatores de proteção antibacteriana em recursos naturais como plantas com indicativo medicinal ou condimentar vem sendo recomendado como prioridade pelas Conferências Mundiais de Saúde. A presente revisão descreve a triagem in vitro, através de testes de diluição em sistema de tubos múltiplos, de atividade anti-estafilococo de diferentes extratos de 80 plantas com indicativo etnográfico medicinal, condimentar ou aromático, acessadas na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. Demonstrou-se atividade seletiva em 39 espécies, enquanto as demais 41 não apresentaram atividade.

The genus Staphylococcus remains in evidence regarding transmissible diseases since human and animal carriers are its main infection source. Studies on antibacterial protection factors in natural resources, such as plants presenting medicinal or spice indicative, have been recommended by World Health Conferences as a priority. Dilution tests in multiple tube system were used in this review to describe the in vitro sorting of anti-staphylococci activity of different extracts from 80 plants presenting medicinal, spice or aromatic ethnographic indicatives at the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Selective activity was observed for 39 species, whereas the remaining 41 species did not show activity.

We evaluated the performance of several methods for the detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus using 101 clinical S. aureus isolates from pediatric patients in a tertiary hospital in Brazil; 50 isolates were mecA-positive and 51 were mecA-negative. The Etest and oxacillin agar screening plates were 100% sensitive and specific for mecA presence. Oxacillin and cefoxitin disks gave sensitivities of 96 and 92%, respectively, and 98% specificity. Alterations of CLSI cefoxitin breakpoints increased sensitivity to 98%, without decreasing specificity. Our results highlight the importance of a continuing evaluation of the recommended microbiological methods by different laboratories and in different settings. If necessary, laboratories should use a second test before reporting a strain as susceptible, especially when testing strains isolated from invasive or serious infections. With the new (2007) CLSI breakpoints, the cefoxitin-disk test appears to be a good option for the detection of methicillin resistance in S. aureus.