Abstract The use of β-galactosidase in food products has been a major focus of the industry. Therefore, the development of efficient and inexpensive methodologies to purify it is essential. Thus, this study aimed to recover the enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal) by ion-exchange chromatography in a fixed-bed column. Batch adsorption tests were performed using four types of adsorbents. The β-gal adsorption capacity in batch mode using Streamline DEAE resin presented the best performance, with a retention capacity of 18.77 ± 0.14 U/g at pH 6.0. A 22 experimental design was applied to optimize the β-gal recovery using an AKTA Start system, evaluating the ionic strength and the pH as process parameters. The results showed that ionic strength exerted a greater influence on fold purification (FP). The β-gal fraction in elution using 0.1-0.4 M of NaCl showed a yield of 51.65 ± 0.17% and FP of 2.00 ± 0.43. Electrophoresis confirmed the β-gal recovery, where an evident band with a molecular weight between 60 and 120 kDa was observed. These results point to the recovery of a stable β-gal of K. lactis with potential industrial applications.

Abstract: This study investigated the ability of formulation containing Zingiber officinale (ginger) to reverse health changes promoted by unhealthy diet in Wistar rats. Five compounds from the gingerol family and three from the shogaol family were identified in the chromatographic analyzes of the extract. The animals were fed a combination of unhealthy foods, the cafeteria diet, which promoted increases in body weight, hepatocyte nucleus area, total hepatocyte area and liver fat accumulation, as well as reduced hepatic glutathione S-transferase concentration, compared to the control group, which received commercial chow. The treatment with ginger improved all these results, highlighting the reduction of 10% of body weight and 66% of the total area of lipid droplets deposited, compared to the group that received the cafeteria diet. Ginger treatments also attenuated lipid peroxidation, with a mean reduction of 41% in malondialdehyde levels and a mean increase of 222% in glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver. The cafeteria diet and ginger extract did not promote significant changes in glycemic and lipid profile, liver weight and liver enzymes compared to the control group. We suggest that ginger can have beneficial effects on health complications associated with unhealthy diet, such as excessive adiposity, oxidative stress and hepatic injury.

RESUMO O adenocarcinoma de uretra é uma rara neoplasia maligna, que ocorre predominantemente em mulheres. Nesse grupo, sua incidência é maior a partir dos 50 anos. O conhecimento acerca da doença é limitado pela sua infrequência e baseia-se, sobretudo, em relatos de caso. Apesar de raramente apresentar metástase a distância, as consequências clínicas do tratamento dessa condição podem trazer forte impacto negativo na vida da portadora, em decorrência de cirurgias mutiladoras e da necessidade de uso de sonda vesical permanente. Apresenta-se um relato de caso de uma paciente com adenocarcinoma uretral e sua condução terapêutica.

ABSTRACT The urethral adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that affects predominantly women. Its incidence is higher after the age of 50 in this group. The knowledge about this disease is limited due to its low frequency and is mainly based on case reports. Although rarely presenting distant metastasis, the clinical consequences of treating this condition may bring an important negative impact on patient's quality of life. This is mainly due to mutilating surgery and the need to use permanent urinary catheter. It is presented a case report of a patient with urethral adenocarcinoma and its therapeutic management.

BACKGROUND: muscle strength and power are two factors affecting balance. The impact of muscle strength and power on postural control has not been fully explored among different age strata over sixty. OBJECTIVES: the aim of the present study was to assess the muscle strength and power of elderly women in different age groups and determine their correlation with postural control. METHOD: eighty women were divided into four groups: the young 18-30 age group (n=20); the 60-64 age group (n=20); the 65-69 age group (n=20); and the 70-74 age group (n=20). The participants underwent maximum strength (one repetition maximum or 1-RM) and muscle power tests to assess the knee extensor and flexor muscles at 40%, 70%, and 90% 1-RM intensity. The time required by participants to recover their balance after disturbing their base of support was also assessed. RESULTS: the elderly women in the 60-64, 65-69, and 70-74 age groups exhibited similar muscle strength, power, and postural control (p>0.05); however, these values were lower than those of the young group (p<0.05) as expected. There was a correlation between muscle strength and power and the postural control performance (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: despite the age difference, elderly women aged 60 to 74 years exhibited similar abilities to generate strength and power with their lower limbs, and this ability could be one factor that explains the similar postural control shown by these women.

Foram utilizados 17 bezerros, recém nascidos, da raça Holandesa, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do volume de sucedâneo nos principais patógenos causadores de diarreia neonatal. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos, 8 bezerros do grupo 1 e 9 bezerros do grupo 2. Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia totalizando 4 litros de sucedâneo diários para o grupo 1 e 6 litros para o grupo 2. A partir do 1° dia de chegada dos bezerros foram avaliadas as fezes diariamente após o aleitamento da manhã para a classificação das fezes em diarreicas ou não diarreicas. Do primeiro dia de diarreia até o sétimo dia, as fezes foram coletadas em dias alternados (1º, 3º, 5º e 7° dia) diretamente da ampola retal para avaliação dos enteropatógenos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue dos bezerros com cinco dias de idade para dosagem da proteína total. A média da proteína total foi 6,33 e 6,21g/dL nos grupos 1 e 2 respectivamente. O grupo 2 apresentou tendência (p<0,1) de maior consumo de sucedâneo no período avaliado. A quantidade de sucedâneo oferecida aos animais não influenciou a incidência de diarreia e sua etiologia, ou seja, não foi observada diferença (p>0,05) na frequência das amostras positivas para cada agente entre os grupos. A frequência dos enteropatógenos nas amostras foi de 100 e 75% para Cryptosporidium spp.; 28,5 e 43,7% para Salmonella spp.; 28,5 e 15,6% para patotipos de E. coli; 3,5 e 6,2% para Rotavírus e 10,7 e 9,4% para Giardia sp. nos grupos 1 e 2 respectivamente. Foram encontrados os sorotipos de Salmonella infantis e muenster. Os patotipos de E. coli isolados foram classificados como E. coli enterohemorrágica, enteropatogênica, enterotoxigênica e produtoras de toxinas Shiga 1 e 2. Foi observada associação entre o Cryptosporidium spp. e os patotipos de E. coli em 30% das amostras do grupo 1 e Cryptosporidium spp. e Salmonella spp. em 45,5% no grupo 2. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que o fornecimento de diferentes volumes de sucedâneo não apresentou influência sobre a incidência e etiologia da diarreia neonatal. A avaliação longitudinal dos enteropatógenos durante o período de patência da diarreia demonstrou que a associação entre eles ocorre a partir do primeiro dia da doença e destacou a importância da infecção pelo Cryptosporidium spp. agente encontrado em todos os momentos e animais.

Seventeen Holstein newborn calves were used with the objective of evaluating the influence of milk replacer volume in the pattern of pathogens causing neonatal diarrhea. The animals were divided into two groups, 8 calves in group 1 and 9 calves in group 2. The calves were fed twice daily in the total of 4 liters of milk replacer to group 1 and 6 liters to group 2. From the 1st day of arrival of the calves feces were evaluated daily after the morning feeding for the classification of diarrheal feces or without diarrhea. The first day of diarrhea until the seventh day, feces were collected on alternate days (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day) directly from the rectum to evaluate enteropathogens. Were collected blood samples from calves with five days of age for determination of total protein. The average total protein was 6.33 and 6.21g/dL in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The group 2 tended (p<0.1) higher consumption of milk replacer during the study period. The volume of milk replacer did not influenced the incidence of diarrhea and the frequency of positive samples for each etiologic agent between the two groups (p>0.05). Also, there was no difference (p>0.05) on the pattern of the frequency of positive samples for evaluated pathogens. The frequency of pathogens in the samples was 100 and 75% for Cryptosporidium, 28.5 and 43.7% for Salmonella spp., 28.5 and 15.6% for E. coli pathotypes, 3.5 and 6.2% for Rotavirus and 10.7 and 9.4% for Giardia in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Serotypes of Salmonella infantis and muenster were found. The isolated pathotypes of E. coli isolates were classified as Escherichia coli enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxin-producing 1 and 2. Associations between Cryptosporidium spp. and E. coli pathotypes, and between Cryptosporidium spp. and Salmonella spp. were found in 30% of the samples in group 1 and in 45.5% in group 2, respectively. Our results showed that the different volumes of milk replacer did not influence the incidence and etiology of neonatal diahrrea. Longitudinal evaluation of enteropathogens during patency demonstrated that the association between the etiologic agents starts from the first day of disease. This result highlighted the great importance of the infection by Cryptosporidium spp. which was present in every moments and animals evaluated.

This study aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of four formulations of yacon jams. The following characteristics were analyzed: chemical composition, soluble solids, pH, microbiological presence of total coliforms and salmonella at 45 °C, and presence of fungi and yeasts. The yacon jams exhibited high moisture content (> 62%) as well as high concentrations of carbohydrates (> 28%) and total dietary fiber (2.5%), mainly fructooligosaccharides (> 0.9%). The average energy value was 124.6 kcal/100 g. The average pH was 3.8 and the soluble solids measured 27.6 °Brix. All yacon jams complied with standard microbiological requirements and received high acceptance scores, especially the yacon jam and yacon jam with cinnamon. Yacon jam products may offer an excellent alternative to more common jams due to their lower concentrations of simple sugar, lower calorie value, increased presence of dietary fibers, and desirable sensory characteristics.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las características físico-químicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales de cuatro formulaciones de mermeladas de yacón. Las características analizadas fueron: composición química, contenido de sólidos solubles, pH, presencia microbiológica de coliformes totales, coliformes y salmonella a 45 °C, y la presencia de hongos y levaduras. Los atascos de yacón mostraron alto contenido de humedad (> 62%), así como altas concentraciones de hidratos de carbono (> 28%) y fibra dietética total (2, 5%), principalmente fructooligosacáridos (> 0, 9%). El valor energético promedio fue de 124, 6 kcal/100g. El pH promedio fue de 3, 8 y los sólidos solubles mide 27, 6 ° Brix. Todas las mermeladas de yacón cumplido con los requisitos microbiológicos estándar y recibió altos puntajes de aceptación, en especial la mermelada de yacón y mermelada de yacón con canela. Productos de mermelada de yacón pueden ofrecer una excelente alternativa a los atascos más comunes debido a sus concentraciones más bajas de azúcar simple, un valor más bajo de calorías, el aumento de la presencia de fibras dietéticas y las características sensoriales deseadas.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar 11 isolados de Guignardia citricarpa, agente causal da mancha preta dos citros (MPC), obtidos de frutas cítricas sintomáticas de diferentes regiões geográficas, por meio da PC R e caracterização morfofisiológica das estruturas propagativas, esporulação e crescimento micelial em diferentes meios de cultura, temperaturas e regimes de luz, nas condições de laboratório. Pelo teste de PCR, todos os isolados foram identificados como o patógeno G. citricarpa. Os isolados caracterizados foram submetidos às temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30ºC, em regime de luz contínua, escuro contínuo e fotoperíodos de 12 horas, durante 24 dias. Utilizaram-se os meios de cultura aveia-ágar (AA), batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) e cenoura-dextrose-ágar (CDA). Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu interação entre os diferentes meios de cultura, temperaturas e fotoperíodos. O meio de cultura que melhor estimulou o crescimento micelial foi o CDA a 25ºC sob o fotoperíodo de 12h. A maior produção de esporos (conídios) foi verificada no meio BDA a 20ºC, no fotoperíodo de 12 horas. No meio CDA, não ocorreu esporulação de nenhum isolado. Sob a temperatura de 30ºC, foi verificada apenas a produção de hifas e picnídios para a maioria dos isolados, em todos os meios de cultura e fotoperíodo testados.

The present work aims to identify 11 isolates of Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of the citrus black spot (CBS), obtained from affected fruit in different geographical regions, through PC R and morphophysiological characterization of propagative structures, sporing and mycelial growth in different means of culture, temperatures and photoperiods, under laboratory conditions. Through the PCR test, all isolates were identified as being the G. citricarpa pathogen. The characterized isolates were subjected to evaluations at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30ºC, in continuous light, continuous darkness, and alternating 12 hours light and 12 hours darkness, during 24 days. The study used oat-agar (OA), potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) and carrot-dextrose-agar (CDA) as means of culture. The results showed an interaction between the different means of culture, temperatures and photoperiods. The mean of culture that best stimulated mycelial growth was CDA at 25ºC under the 12-hour photoperiod. The greatest spore (conidia) production was verified in PDA at 20ºC in the 12-hour photoperiod. There was no sporing of any isolate in the CDA mean of culture. Under the 30ºC temperature, the study verified only the production of hyphae and picnids in most isolates, in all means of culture and photoperiods.