Abstract Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in children up to six years of age and describe the results of clinical follow-up and possible sequelae. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with data collected from the dental records of 96 pediatric patients up to 6 years old with traumatized primary teeth who sought care from the. Pediatric Dental Trauma project of a private university in the city of Rio de Janeiro from July 2014 to July 2017, and who had clinical and radiographic follow-up for up to three months as of their initial visit. Results: 96 children (58.3% boys and 41.7% girls) included who presented 166 traumatized primary teeth. Intrusion was the most observed type of trauma and in 45.8% of cases, the care occurred one-week post trauma. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (97.6%). The prognosis of the dental elements with more than 3 months of follow-up was considered favorable, and 59.6% of the teeth did not present any clinical or radiological sequelae. Oral hygiene instruction and monitoring were the most common approaches. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in the present study was high and occurred mainly in domestic settings. The upper central incisors were the teeth that suffered the most injuries. The presence of patients at follow-up visits was an important factor for the positive result in most cases.

O conhecimento do comportamento de pesticidas é fundamental para a compreensão do impacto ambiental causado por esses produtos. No entanto, os experimentos de campo consomem tempo e investimento. O simulador MACRO® permite prever a lixiviação de pesticidas ao longo do perfil do solo e a possível contaminação ambiental. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o comportamento do percolado e a lixiviação do herbicida atrazina em dois Latossolos contrastantes, usando o simulador MACRO® . A simulação pelo MACRO® foi adequada para prever o comportamento da atrazina sob as condições estudadas e pode ser utilizada para a avaliação dos riscos de contaminação por esse herbicida em águas superficiais e profundas.

The knowledge of pesticides behavior is fundamental for understanding the environmental impact caused by these products. However, related field experiments are time consuming and expensive. The MACRO® simulator allows to predicting the leaching of pesticides through the soil profile and the possible environmental contamination. The objective of this work was to study the percolate behavior and the atrazine leaching in two contrasting Latosols using the MACRO® simulator. The MACRO® simulator was adequate to predict atrazine behavior under the studied conditions and it can be used for the risk evaluation of atrazine contamination in surface and underground waters.

Os solos associados às depressões de topo dos Tabuleiros Costeiros são diferenciados sob vários aspectos ainda pouco estudados no Brasil. Geralmente, à medida que se aproxima dessas depressões, nota-se que a textura dos solos é mais arenosa e o hidromorfismo, mais acentuado, sendo comum a ocorrência de Espodossolos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar diferentes extrações de Fe, Al, Si e C orgânico com o intuito de compreender o processo de podzolização em solos associados às depressões de topo dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram descritos perfis e coletadas amostras de solo em quatro áreas: Coruripe, AL; Neópolis, SE; Acajutiba, BA; e Nova Viçosa, BA. Nas amostras, determinou-se o teor de Fe, Al e Si pelos extratores ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de sódio, oxalato de amônio e pirofosfato de sódio e realizou-se o fracionamento químico da matéria orgânica do solo. Os aumentos nos teores de C orgânico e de Fe e Al pelos diferentes extratores nos horizontes iluviais (de acúmulo) de cada solo, relativamente aos horizontes eluviais (de perda), refletiram a morfologia de campo e reforçaram a importância do processo de podzolização nos solos estudados. Complexos Al-húmus dominam inteiramente a matriz dos horizontes iluviais associados ao hidromorfismo, enquanto naqueles sem hidromorfismo a influência das diferentes formas de Fe é variável. O perfil de Espodossolo Ferrihumilúvico é o único, dos quatro estudados, que possui horizontes espódicos com subscrito "s" e, portanto, onde os teores de Fe extraídos refletiram-se diferencialmente na morfologia.

The soils associated to depressed summits on the Coastal Plains are still little studied in Brazil and are differentiated in several aspects. Generally, the closer a soil is to these depressions, the sandier is the texture and the more accentuated the hydromorphism, where the occurrence of Spodosols is common. The objective of this work was to perform different extractions of Fe, Al, Si and organic C to understand the podzolization process in soils of the summit depressions of the Coastal Plains of Northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, soil profiles were described and samples collected in four areas: Coruripe, AL; Neópolis, SE; Acajutiba, BA; and Nova Viçosa, BA. In these samples, the Fe, Al and Si contents were determined by the sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate extractors and soil organic matter was chemically fractionated. The increase in organic C, and Fe and Al contents by different extractors from the iluvial (accumulation) horizons of each soil, relatively to the eluvial (loss) horizons, reflects the field morphology and reinforces the importance of the podzolization process in the studied soils. Complexes of Al-humus entirely dominate the matrix of the iluvial horizons associated to hydromorphism, while there is a variable influence of different Fe forms on those with no hydromorphism. The Ferrihumiluvic Spodosol profile is the only one of the four studied profiles with spodic horizons with "s" subscript, i.e., where the contents of extracted Fe affected the morphology differentially.

The aim of this study was to investigate the sorption and desorption of thiamethoxam in contrasting soils under the effect of organic acids. The results showed that MTo sorption had higher Kd. The presence of organic acids increased sorption and reduced desorption of thiamethoxam at MTo. The opposite was observed for the LVdf where the presence of 400 µmol L-1 of acid reduced the sorption of thiamethoxam in a concentration of 20 µmol L-1, not influencing desorption. The dynamics of organic acids with minerals from the soil particles were clarified by infrared analysis.

No Brasil, boa parte dos plantios florestais tem sido realizada em solos que apresentam algum grau de degradação física, química ou biológica. A proteção ao solo fornecida pelas árvores, em função da deposição de serapilheira, constitui um dos processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas, e, como a matéria orgânica está relacionada com muitos dos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, ela se caracteriza como um fator-chave na manutenção da qualidade ambiental de sistemas florestais. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar frações da matéria orgânica em solos sob cultivo mínimo de eucalipto com diferentes históricos de uso e posições na paisagem. O estudo foi realizado em três hortos florestais (HFs): Terra Dura, Canafístula e Sanga das Pedras, cultivados com eucalipto no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os solos foram amostrados nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-20 e 20-40 cm. Na profundidade de 0-5 cm, a maioria dos Argissolos dos HFs estudados apresentou teores de carbono orgânico (CO) superiores aos de matas nativas adjacentes. Nas áreas cultivadas, há maior armazenamento de CO no HF Canafístula, sendo notados, em geral, menores teores de CO no terço inferior da encosta em relação às outras posições das topossequências avaliadas. O índice de humificação, em geral, é maior nas áreas de mata em comparação às áreas cultivadas; contudo, ele varia em função da profundidade do solo, da posição amostrada na topossequência e do HF avaliado. Nas profundidades de 0-5 e 5-20 cm, a abundância natural de 13C dos HFs é similar à das áreas de mata nativa, porém há maior teor de 13C na camada mais profunda dos solos cultivados, o que sinaliza para a contribuição à matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) de C oriundo das pastagens que antecederam o eucalipto.

In Brazil, most forest stands have been planted on soils with some degree of physical, chemical or biological degradation. The protection of the trees for the soil, depending on the litter deposition, is a driving force of the restoration process of degraded areas. Since organic matter is related to many of the physical, chemical and biological soil properties, it is characterized as a key factor for the maintenance of the environmental quality of forest systems. The purpose of this study was to characterize organic matter fractions in soils with eucalyptus under minimum tillage from positions in the landscape with different histories of soil use. The study was conducted in three forest stands (FST): Terra Dura, Canafístula and Sanga das Pedras with eucalyptus in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The soils were sampled in the layers 0-5, 5-20 and 20-40 cm. In the 0-5 cm layer of the Ultisols, most FST studied had a higher organic carbon (OC) content than in adjacent native forest. In cultivated areas, the OC storage was greatest in FST Canafístula, with, in general, lower OC levels in the footslope in relation to the other toposequence positions. In general, the humification index was greater in forests than in the crop areas, but it varied according to the soil depth, the sampled toposequence position and the FST. In the 0-5 and 5-20 cm layer, the natural abundance of 13C in FSTs was similar to the native forests, however, the 13C levels were higher in the deepest layer of the cultivated soils, indicating the contribution to soil organic matter (SOM) of C derived from the pastures that preceded eucalyptus.