RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar características e problemas pessoais, profissionais, médicos e de educação científica reportados por pediatras. Métodos: Estudo transversal com base em uma pesquisa online, incluindo 614 pediatras formados nos últimos 15 anos no Departamento de Pediatria de uma universidade brasileira. Resultados: A taxa de resposta foi de 331/614 (54%). A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (82%), a mediana de idade foi de 33 anos (27-40 anos) e a mediana de tempo de prática pediátrica foi de 5 anos (1-13). Jornada de trabalho elevada (>60 horas/semana) foi relatada por 25% dos entrevistados e 47% recebiam ≥15 salários mínimos/mês. Os problemas relacionados ao trabalho mais frequentes foram jornadas longas de trabalho, vida social insatisfatória e sedentarismo (>50%). Os pediatras foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com os anos de prática clínica pediátrica: grupo 1 (≤5 anos) e grupo 2 (>5 anos). A mediana de satisfação geral com a residência pediátrica [8 (0-10) versus 9 (4-10); p=0,002] foi significativamente menor no grupo 1. As frequências de jornada de trabalho >60 horas, trabalho na enfermaria pediátrica e na terapia intensiva pediátrica foram significativamente maiores no primeiro grupo (p<0,05). Quanto aos principais problemas relacionados à prática clínica no ano anterior, jornadas longas de trabalho (73 versus 53%; p<0,001), vida social insatisfatória (75 versus 62%; p=0,018) e assédio (23 versus 4%; p=0,003) foram significativamente mais elevados no grupo 1. Conclusões: Pediatras em início de carreira (≤5 anos) relataram maior jornada de trabalho, menor renda, problemas relacionados ao trabalho e diferentes locais de trabalho em comparação com pediatras mais experientes (>5 anos). A satisfação geral com a residência pediátrica foi boa, porém menor em pediatras do primeiro grupo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess personal, professional, medical, and scientific educational characteristics and issues reported by pediatricians. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on an online survey including 614 pediatricians who graduated in the last 15 years at a University Pediatric Department in Brazil. Results: The response rate was 331/614(54%). The majority were females (82%), the median age was 33 years (27-40) and median years of pediatric practice was 5 (1-13). High workload (>60 hours/week) occurred in 25% and 47% earned ≥15 minimum wages/month. The most work-related issues reported were long working hours, poor social life and a sedentary lifestyle (>50%). Pediatricians were further divided into two groups, according to years of pediatric clinical practice: group 1 (≤5 years) and group 2 (>5 years). The median of overall satisfaction with pediatric residency [8(0-10) vs. 9 (4-10); p=0.002] was significantly reduced in group 1. The frequencies of workload >60 hours, work on pediatric ward and pediatric intensive care were significantly higher in the first group (p<0.05). Regarding main issues related to clinical practice in the last year, long working hours (73 vs. 53%; p<0.001), poor social life (75 vs. 62%; p=0.018) and harassment (23 vs. 4%; p=0.003) were significantly higher in the first group. Conclusions: Very early career pediatricians (≤5 years) reported higher workload, lower income, work-related issues and different location of pediatric practice compared to early career pediatricians (>5 years). The overall satisfaction with pediatric residency was good, however, reduced in very early career pediatricians.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the personal and professional characteristics, and the physical, psychiatric/psychological, and professional issues that exist among master’s-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional, online, self-reported survey of 452 postgraduates who completed master’s, doctoral, or post-doctoral degrees in one graduate program in pediatrics in São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted. RESULTS: The response rate was 47% (211/453). The majority of participants were women (78%) and physicians (74%), and the median age was 47 years (28-71). Master’s, doctoral, and post-doctoral degrees were reported by 73%, 53%, and 3%, respectively. High workload (>40 hours/week) occurred in 59%, and 45% earned ≥15 minimum wages/month. At least one participation in scientific meeting in the past year was reported by 91%, and 79% had published their research. Thirty-nine percent served as a member of a faculty of an institution of higher learning. The data were analyzed by two age groups: participants aged ≤48 years (group 1) and participants aged >48 years (group 2). The median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (1-10), p=0.0113]; workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 68%, p=0.034); and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 56%, p=0.0083) were significantly lower in group 1. Further analysis by gender revealed that the median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (3-10), p=0.0015], workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 83%, p=0.0002), and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 74%, p=0.0001) were significantly lower in women compared with men. The median rating of overall satisfaction with the mentorship supervision provided was significantly higher among the women 10 (5-10) vs. 10 (2-10), p=0.0324]. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of master’s-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals were women and physicians, and had published their thesis. Younger postgraduates and women reported low salaries, less likelihood of working >40 hours/week, and less overall satisfaction with their profession. Further longitudinal and qualitative studies are warranted to assess career trajectories after graduation.

Oral care is frequently suboptimal in children from developing countries, especially those suffering from severe systemic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the oral epidemiological profile of 3-to-5-year-old children with congenital heart disease. Dental and medical records of children evaluated at the Dental Service of the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. Caries experience was reported using the dmft index. Negative behavior towards dental management was recorded. The sample consisted of 144 children aged 4.41 ± 0.95 years. The mean dmft value was 5.4 ± 4.9, and 80.5% had at least one caries lesion. Dmft index was greater in the presence of cyanotic cardiac disease and in children with negative behavior. An increase in the “missing” component of the dmft index was also found in children using medicine on a daily basis. A higher caries experience was associated with children whose fathers had only an elementary education. In conclusion, children with congenital heart disease had high levels of caries experience at a young age. Cyanosis, negative behavior, daily use of medicine, one-parent family and the educational level of fathers seem to influence caries experience in children with congenital cardiac disease.

Resumo Asteraceae é a maior família das angiospermas com ca. 24.000 espécies e 1600-1700 gêneros com distribuição cosmopolita. Calea L. contém aproximadamente 125 espécies que ocorrem em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Novo Mundo, sendo que o maior número de espécies é registrado para o Brasil. O gênero é facilmente confundido com espécies de Aspilia e Wedelia. No entanto, Calea possui flores do raio pistiladas e pápus de páleas livres, enquanto em Aspilia as flores do raio são neutras e o pápus geralmente é aristado e Wedelia, por sua vez, possui flores do raio pistiladas e pápus coroniforme. O presente trabalho consiste no levantamento e estudo taxonômico das espécies de Calea no estado da Bahia. Para esse estudo, foram realizadas viagens de campo, além da análise de materiais depositados em herbários. No estudo realizado foram encontradas 10 espécies de Calea para o estado: C. angusta S.F. Blake, C. candolleana (Gardner) Baker, C. gardneriana Baker, C. harleyi H. Rob., C. microphylla (Gardner) Baker, C. morii H. Rob., C. pilosa Baker, C. pinheiroi H. Rob., C. purpurea G.M. Barroso e C. villosa Baker. As espécies diferenciam-se basicamente pelo arranjo da sinflorescência (número de capítulos e tamanho do pedúnculo), tipo de capítulo (radiado × discóide), receptáculo (paleáceo × epaleáceo), número de flores e tamanho das páleas do pápus. Dentre as espécies, C. angusta é restrita à vegetação arbustiva sobre dunas litorâneas (Bahia e Sergipe), C. candolleana é a espécie de maior distribuição geográfica no estado (BA, TO, GO, MG e PE), C. morii e C. pilosa são registradas apenas para o estado da Bahia. As demais espécies dividem sua distribuição entre os estados da Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás e Minas Gerais: C. gardneriana e C. purpurea (BA, GO), C. microphylla (BA, DF, GO), C. harleyi e C. pinheiroi (BA e MG) e C. villosa (BA, GO, MG). Os resultados são apresentados por meio de chave de identificação, descrições, distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações inéditas das espécies.

Abstract Asteraceae is the largest family of angiosperms with ca. 24.000 species and 1600-1700 genera widely distributed. Calea L. is represented in the tropical and subtropical regions by ca. 125 species. This genus is very similar to Aspilia and Wedelia, however the former presents ligulate pistilate flowers and pappus composed of free pales. The aim of this paper is to present a taxonomic survey of Calea in the state of Bahia. The analyzed specimens included material collected in the field, as well as herbarium material. The following 10 species are known to occur in Bahia: C. angusta S.F. Blake, C. candolleana (Gardner) Baker, C. gardneriana Baker, C. harleyi H. Rob., C. microphylla (Gardner) Baker, C. morii H. Rob., C. pilosa Baker, C. pinheiroi H. Rob., C. purpurea G.M. Barroso e C. villosa Baker. The species are basically distinct by the sinflorescence arrangement (heads number and peduncle size), head radiate or discoid, receptacle (paleaceous × epaleaceous), flower numbers and pappus size. Within the genus, C. angusta is restricted to shrubby vegetation on dunes (Bahia and Sergipe States), C. candolleana has the widest geographical distribution (BA, TO, GO, MG and PE), C. pilose and C. morii are known only from Bahia. The other species occur in the Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás and Minas Gerais states: C. gardneriana and C. purpurea (BA, GO), C. microphylla (BA, DF and GO), C. harleyi and C. pinheiroi (BA e MG) and C. villosa (BA, GO, MG). Keys, descriptions, geographic distribution, comments and illustrations are provided.

INTRODUÇÃO: Larva migrans visceral é causada por Toxocara sp e nunca foi estudada na Bahia. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a prevalência e fatores de risco de infecção por Toxocara canis, em indivíduos de Salvador. MÉTODOS: Trezentos e trinta e oito indivíduos foram investigados para presença de anticorpos IgG séricos anti-T. canis. RESULTADOS: IgG anti-T. canis foi mais alta em indivíduos de classe social baixa com maior contato com cães e gatos, indicando que estas variáveis são fatores de risco para esta infecção. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de infecção por T. canis foi alta. Os fatores de risco desta infecção encontrados estão de acordo com a literatura.

INTRODUCTION: Larva migrans visceral is caused by Toxocara sp and has never been studied in Bahia. This work investigated the prevalence and risk factors for infection by Toxocara canis in individuals from Salvador, State of Bahia. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals were investigated for the presence of serum IgG anti-T. canis. RESULTS: IgG anti-T. canis was higher in individuals from lower social classes who had more contact with dogs and cats, indicating that these variables are factors risk for this infection. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of T. canis infection was high. The risk factors for this infection identified are in agreement with in the literature.