Abstract This article aims to evaluate the factors associated with a skin-to-skin contact time <180 min/day in newborns weighing up to 1,800 g during neonatal hospitalization. Prospective observational cohort study conducted in neonatal units of reference for the Kangaroo Method in Brazil. Data from 405 dyads (mother/child) were analyzed from May 2018 to March 2020. Maternal and neonatal explanatory variables were collected from medical records and interviews. Skin-to-skin contact was recorded in forms posted at the bedside, filled out by parents and staff. The outcome variable was the mean time of skin-to-skin contact < 180 min/day. Hierarchical modeling was performed by Poisson regression with robust variance. The variables associated with the outcome were “without easy access to the hospital”, “without previous knowledge of the kangaroo method” and “having had morbidities during pregnancy”. Mothers without easy access to the hospital and who are unaware of the kangaroo method should be priority targets for health policies to develop strategies that promote greater exposure to skin-to-skin contact during the hospitalization period of their children.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores associados ao tempo de contato pele a pele < 180 min/dia em recém-nascidos com peso até 1.800 g durante a internação neonatal. Estudo observacional tipo coorte prospectivo conduzido em unidades neonatais de referência no Brasil. Foram analisados dados de 405 díades (mãe/filho), no período de maio de 2018 a março de 2020. As características da mãe e do recém-nascido foram coletadas em prontuários e entrevistas, a realização do contato pele-a-pele era registrada em fichas anexadas ao leito, preenchidas pela equipe e pelos pais. A variável desfecho foi o tempo médio diário de contato pele-a-pele inferior a 180 minutos. Foi realizada modelagem hierarquizada utilizando a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para cálculo das razões de prevalência. As variáveis que permaneceram independentemente associadas foram: “não ter fácil acesso ao hospital” (morar longe ou ter dificuldade de transporte), “não possuir conhecimento prévio sobre o método canguru” e “ter apresentado morbidades durante a gestação”. Mães sem fácil acesso ao hospital e que desconhecem o método canguru devem ser alvos prioritários das políticas de saúde para desenvolver estratégias que promovam maior exposição ao contato pele a pele durante o período de internação de seus filhos.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the factors associated with a skin-to-skin contact time <180 min/day in newborns weighing up to 1,800 g during neonatal hospitalization. Prospective observational cohort study conducted in neonatal units of reference for the Kangaroo Method in Brazil. Data from 405 dyads (mother/child) were analyzed from May 2018 to March 2020. Maternal and neonatal explanatory variables were collected from medical records and interviews. Skin-to-skin contact was recorded in forms posted at the bedside, filled out by parents and staff. The outcome variable was the mean time of skin-to-skin contact < 180 min/day. Hierarchical modeling was performed by Poisson regression with robust variance. The variables associated with the outcome were “without easy access to the hospital”, “without previous knowledge of the kangaroo method” and “having had morbidities during pregnancy”. Mothers without easy access to the hospital and who are unaware of the kangaroo method should be priority targets for health policies to develop strategies that promote greater exposure to skin-to-skin contact during the hospitalization period of their children.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores associados ao tempo de contato pele a pele < 180 min/dia em recém-nascidos com peso até 1.800 g durante a internação neonatal. Estudo observacional tipo coorte prospectivo conduzido em unidades neonatais de referência no Brasil. Foram analisados dados de 405 díades (mãe/filho), no período de maio de 2018 a março de 2020. As características da mãe e do recém-nascido foram coletadas em prontuários e entrevistas, a realização do contato pele-a-pele era registrada em fichas anexadas ao leito, preenchidas pela equipe e pelos pais. A variável desfecho foi o tempo médio diário de contato pele-a-pele inferior a 180 minutos. Foi realizada modelagem hierarquizada utilizando a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para cálculo das razões de prevalência. As variáveis que permaneceram independentemente associadas foram: “não ter fácil acesso ao hospital” (morar longe ou ter dificuldade de transporte), “não possuir conhecimento prévio sobre o método canguru” e “ter apresentado morbidades durante a gestação”. Mães sem fácil acesso ao hospital e que desconhecem o método canguru devem ser alvos prioritários das políticas de saúde para desenvolver estratégias que promovam maior exposição ao contato pele a pele durante o período de internação de seus filhos.

Abstract Objective To describe the beginning, duration, location and who makes skin-to-skin contact in Brazilian neonatal units. Methods This is a descriptive, longitudinal multicenter study, carried out from May 2018 to March 2020, in five reference neonatal units for Kangaroo Mother Care in Brazil, which included newborns weighing up to 1,800 grams. Maternal and newborn characteristics were collected from medical records and interviews. Skin-to-skin contact was recorded on cards attached to the bed, filled in by the team and fathers. Analysis occurred through descriptive statistics. Results We included 405 newborns, 51.4% male, median gestational age of 31.4 weeks and birth weight of 1,412 grams. Regarding skin-to-skin contact time, the median daily contact frequency was 1.5 times (IQR: 1.2 - 2.4), the time/day was 147 min/day (IQR: 106.7 - 263.0) and the first contact at five days of life (IQR:4.0-8.0). The longest contact time/day was performed by mothers, with a median of 137.8 minutes per day (IQR:95.6-232.1), and the second stage of kangaroo Mother Care, kangaroo Intermediate Care Unit, was the place where contact was performed for the longest time, with a median of 184.4 minutes per day (IQR:124.7-455.4). Conclusion In the units assessed, skin-to-skin contact is practiced intermittently, a few times a day, predominantly by mothers and with longer exposure time in the second stage. It is necessary to seek ways that allow more encounters between mother/father-child and that gives conditions of greater permanence of fathers in the hospital.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el inicio, duración, lugar y quién realiza el contacto piel con piel en unidades neonatales brasileñas. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico descriptivo, longitudinal, realizado de mayo de 2018 a marzo de 2020, en cinco unidades neonatales de referencia del Método Canguro en Brasil, que incluyó recién nacidos de hasta 1800 g de peso. Las características maternas y de los recién nacidos fueron recopiladas en historias clínicas y entrevistas. La práctica del contacto piel con piel fue registrada en tarjetas anexadas a la cama, completadas por el equipo y por los padres. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados Se incluyeron 405 recién nacidos, 51,4 % de sexo masculino, mediana de 31,4 semanas de edad gestacional y de 1412 g de peso al nacer. Con relación al tiempo de realización del contacto piel con piel, la mediana de la frecuencia del contacto diario fue 1,5 veces (IIQ: 1,2 - 2,4), el tiempo/día fue de 147 min/día (IIQ: 106,7 - 263,0) y la realización del primer contacto a los cinco días de vida (IIQ:4,0-8,0). El mayor tiempo de contacto/día fue realizado por las madres, con una mediana de 137,8 min/día (IIQ:95,6-232,1) y la segunda etapa del Método Canguro, la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Canguro, fue el lugar donde se realizó el contacto por mayor tiempo, con una mediana de 184,4 min/día (IIQ:124,7-455,4). Conclusión En las unidades analizadas, el contacto piel con piel se practica de forma intermitente, pocas veces por día, predominantemente por las madres y con mayor tiempo de exposición en la segunda etapa. Es necesario buscar medios que permitan más encuentros entre madre/padre-hijo y que ofrezcan condiciones de mayor permanencia de los progenitores en el hospital.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o início, duração, local e quem realiza o contato pele a pele em unidades neonatais brasileiras. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico descritivo, longitudinal, realizado de maio de 2018 a março de 2020, em cinco unidades neonatais referência para o Método Canguru no Brasil, que incluiu recém-nascidos com peso até 1800g. As características maternas e dos recém-nascidos foram coletadas em prontuários e entrevistas. A prática do contato pele a pele era registrada em cartões anexados ao leito, preenchidos pela equipe e pelos pais. A análise ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados Foram incluídos 405 recém-nascidos, 51,4% do sexo masculino, mediana de idade gestacional de 31,4 semanas e de peso ao nascimento de 1.412g. Em relação ao tempo de realização do contato pele a pele, a mediana da frequência do contato diário foi de 1,5 vezes (IIQ: 1,2 - 2,4), o tempo/dia de 147 min/dia (IIQ: 106,7 - 263,0) e a realização do primeiro contato aos cinco dias de vida (IIQ:4,0-8,0). O maior tempo de contato/dia foi realizado pelas mães, com mediana de 137,8 min/dia (IIQ:95,6-232,1) e a segunda etapa do Método Canguru, Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários Canguru, foi o local onde se realizou por maior tempo o contato, com mediana de 184,4 min/dia (IIQ:124,7-455,4). Conclusão Nas unidades avaliadas, o contato pele a pele é praticado de forma intermitente, poucas vezes por dia, predominantemente pelas mães e com maior tempo de exposição na segunda etapa. É necessário buscar meios que possibilitem mais encontros entre mãe/pai-filho e que dê condições de maior permanência dos genitores no hospital.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the the vulnerabilities to illnesses in women living on the border of the Guiana Shield mines: Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. Method: Descriptive, exploratory field study with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place with 19 women who were living in the mining context, in April 2018. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full and subsequently analyzed in the light of the concept of vulnerability. Results: Women aged between 30 and 39 years, predominantly black and brown, on a common-law marriage, multiparous, of low level of education, and with work activities related to mining. Three empirical categories emerged: Exposure to environmental and life conditions in the mines: vulnerabilities to illnesses in women; Sexual and reproductive health in the context of borders: the invisibility between legality and illegality; Gendered facets of violence in the mines on the border of the Guiana Shield. Conclusion: Vulnerability is marked in the three dimensions of the concept: in the difficult access to health services, in the discontinued treatment, and in the disparity in health policies within countries, which are important aspects of vulnerability and health conditions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las vulnerabilidades por la enfermedad de las mujeres en zonas mineras en la frontera del Escudo Guayanés: Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Método: Investigación de campo, descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó con 19 mujeres que vivían el contexto de las minerías, en abril de 2018. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad y posteriormente analizadas a la luz del concepto de vulnerabilidad. Resultados: Mujeres de 30 a 39 años, predominantemente negras y pardas, unión estable, multíparas, baja escolaridad y con actividades laborales afines a la minería. Surgieron tres categorías empíricas: Exposición a las condiciones ambientales y de vida en las minerías: vulnerabilidades de las mujeres a enfermarse; salud sexual y reproductiva en el contexto de las fronteras: la invisibilidad entre la legalidad y la ilegalidad; facetas de género de la violencia en las minerías de la frontera del escudo guayanés. Conclusión: La vulnerabilidad se acentúa en las tres dimensiones del concepto, a saber, el difícil acceso a los servicios de salud, la interrupción del tratamiento y la disparidad en las políticas de salud entre países, son aspectos importantes para la vulnerabilidad y las condiciones de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as vulnerabilidades para o adoecimento de mulheres em áreas de garimpos da fronteira do Escudo das Guianas: Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Método: Pesquisa de campo, descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu com 19 mulheres que vivenciavam o contexto de garimpagem, em abril de 2018. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra e posteriormente analisadas à luz do conceito de vulnerabilidade. Resultados: Mulheres com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, predominantemente pretas e pardas, união estável, multíparas, baixa escolaridade e com atividades de trabalho relacionadas à garimpagem. Emergiram três categorias empíricas: Exposição às condições ambientais e de vida nos garimpos: vulnerabilidades para o adoecimento de mulheres; Saúde sexual e reprodutiva no contexto de fronteiras: a invisibilidade entre a legalidade e a ilegalidade; Facetas gendradas da violência nos garimpos da fronteira do escudo das Guianas. Conclusão: A vulnerabilidade é acentuada nas três dimensões do conceito, quais sejam: a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, tratamento descontinuado e disparidade nas políticas de saúde entre os países, que são aspectos importantes à vulnerabilidade e condições de saúde.

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE To understand the role of exposure to skin-to-skin contact and its minimum duration in determining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in infants weighing up to 1,800g at birth. METHODS A multicenter cohort study was carried out in five Brazilian neonatal units. Infants weighing ≤ 1,800g at birth were eligible. Skin-to-skin contact time was recorded by the health care team and parents on an individual chart. Maternal and infant data was obtained from maternal questionnaires and medical records. The Classification Tree, a machine learning method, was used for data analysis; the tree growth algorithm, using statistical tests, partitions the dataset into mutually exclusive subsets that best describe the response variable and calculates appropriate cut-off points for continuous variables, thus generating an efficient explanatory model for the outcome under study. RESULTS A total of 388 infants participated in the study, with a median of 31.6 (IQR = 29–31.8) weeks of gestation age and birth weight of 1,429g (IQR = 1,202–1,610). The exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge was 61.6%. For infant’s weighting between 1,125g and 1,655g, exposed to skin-to-skin contact was strongly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Moreover, infants who made an average > 149.6 min/day of skin-to-skin contact had higher chances in this outcome (74% versus 46%). In this group, those who received a severity score (SNAPPE-II) equal to zero increased their chances of breastfeeding (83% versus 63%). CONCLUSION Skin-to-skin contact proved to be of great relevance in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge for preterm infants weighing 1,125g–1,655g at birth, especially in those with lower severity scores.

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE To understand the role of exposure to skin-to-skin contact and its minimum duration in determining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in infants weighing up to 1,800g at birth. METHODS A multicenter cohort study was carried out in five Brazilian neonatal units. Infants weighing ≤ 1,800g at birth were eligible. Skin-to-skin contact time was recorded by the health care team and parents on an individual chart. Maternal and infant data was obtained from maternal questionnaires and medical records. The Classification Tree, a machine learning method, was used for data analysis; the tree growth algorithm, using statistical tests, partitions the dataset into mutually exclusive subsets that best describe the response variable and calculates appropriate cut-off points for continuous variables, thus generating an efficient explanatory model for the outcome under study. RESULTS A total of 388 infants participated in the study, with a median of 31.6 (IQR = 29–31.8) weeks of gestation age and birth weight of 1,429g (IQR = 1,202–1,610). The exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge was 61.6%. For infant’s weighting between 1,125g and 1,655g, exposed to skin-to-skin contact was strongly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Moreover, infants who made an average > 149.6 min/day of skin-to-skin contact had higher chances in this outcome (74% versus 46%). In this group, those who received a severity score (SNAPPE-II) equal to zero increased their chances of breastfeeding (83% versus 63%). CONCLUSION Skin-to-skin contact proved to be of great relevance in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge for preterm infants weighing 1,125g–1,655g at birth, especially in those with lower severity scores.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the dentists' knowledge about biosafety considering the SARS-CoV-2 and the risks of increasing the COVID-19 outbreak by dental practices during the pandemic in Brazil. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed by internet-based snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire with questions about different content was applied, and then analyzed the following two parameters: participants' Brazilian region and professional's specialty. Results: A total of 413 e-questionnaires from all Brazilian regions were considered valid. There were no significant differences among biosafety measures adopted by participants from different Brazilian regions (p≥0.05), except for those from North region, which have applied less previous oral antisepsis, temperature screening, and specific anamnesis tracking COVID-19 symptoms (p<0.05). The unique use of N95 mask was positively associated with North region (p<0.05). Expert participants of Groups 2 (oral surgery and correlate areas) and 4 (orthodontics, oral radiology and facial jaw orthopedics) were more updated than other ones (p<0.05). Conclusion: The biosafety protocols applied by participants were not adequate for the epidemiologic status of COVID-19 in each region of Brazil, from 13th May to 17th June 2020. Specialties linked to microbiology area or structured social networks have better applied preventive measures for COVID-19.

Resumo Objetivo Observar se o resultado proveniente de uma conização realizada após o diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma cervical in situ é compatível com a análise histopatológica da histerectomia. Métodos A pesquisa foi descritiva e observacional e consistiu na análise de prontuário de 42 pacientes que tiveram o diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma in situ obtidas por conização. Foram analisados se havia compatibilidade entre os laudos de conização e histerectomia, margens do cone, se havia associação com outra patologia (doença escamosa) e interpretação de eventuais laudos histoquímicos obtidos. Além disso, também foram analisados dados clínico-epidemiológicos. Resultados Foram realizadas 42 conizações, sendo 33 (79%) por cone clássico e 9 (21%) por cirurgia de alta frequência. Das pacientes analisadas, 5 (10%) não foram submetidas a histerectomia por desejarem manter a fertilidade ou por terem idade < 25 anos. Das 37 pacientes com adenocarcinoma in situ no exame prévio realizado e que foram submetidas à histerectomia posteriormente, 6 (16%) apresentaram doença residual após o procedimento cirúrgico, apresentando laudos do anatomopatológico pós-histerectomia incompatíveis com o achado na conização que atestava margens livres. Conclusão A prevalência do adenocarcinoma in situ vemaumentando cada vez mais. Ainda há uma grande parte da literatura que defende o uso do tratamento conservador para esta doença, mesmo sabendo que ela é uma doença multifocal e que pode estar presente mesmo em situações nas quais o anatomopatológico evidencie margens livres. Tendo em vista essas características, a maioria preconiza que a histerectomia continua a ser o tratamento preferencial nas mulheres que já completaram o seu intuito reprodutivo.

Abstract Objective To observe if the histopathological result of a conization performed after cervical adenocarcinoma in situ diagnosis is compatible with the histopathological analysis of a subsequent hysterectomy. Methods The present descriptive and observational research consisted of the analysis of the medical records of 42 patients who were diagnosed with in situ adenocarcinoma postconization. The analysis consisted of whether there was compatibility between the histopathological reports of conization and hysterectomy and if there was an association between adenocarcinoma in situ and another neoplasia (squamous disease). Interpretation of any immunohistochemistry reports obtained was also performed. In addition, clinical and epidemiological data were also analyzed. Results A total of 42 conizations were performed, 33 (79%) were cold knife conizations and 9 (21%) were loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs). Of the patients analyzed, 5 (10%) chose not to undergo subsequent hysterectomy to preserve fertility or were < 25 years old. Out of the 37 patients with adenocarcinoma in situ who underwent subsequent hysterectomy, 6 (16%) presented with residual disease. This findingprovedincompatiblewiththe finding of the conizations, which had ruled out invasive cancer. Conclusion The prevalence of adenocarcinoma in situ increased in the past years. There is still a large part of the medical literature that advocates the use of conservative treatment for this disease, even though it is common knowledge that it is a multifocal disease. However, the majority of studies advocate that hysterectomy should remain the preferred treatment for women who have already completed their reproductive purpose.

Objective: To evaluate the best strategy for pacifier disinfection methods. Material and Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to find all relevant articles published over the past 20 years, based on PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers extracted data independently by using a standardized form. The following factors were recorded: country of study, type of study, pacifier material, sample number, microorganisms analyzed, decontamination methods used, method accessibility and results found. Results: A total of 121 articles were obtained from all databases. The selected documents underwent a final screening, resulting in 8 articles. The method of disinfection analyzed by the literature were: 3.5% neutral detergent, apple cider vinegar 70% spray, boiling water during 15 minutes, sodium hypochlorite 2.5, hydrogen peroxide 70% spray, chlorhexidine 0.12%, Brushtox®, sterile water and microwave. Conclusion: Because of the broad methods for pacifier disinfection and different levels of accessibility to disinfectant agents, the pacifier consensus for decontamination remains unclear. Although the disinfection methods are diverse, the methods suggested to its disinfection were identified and described in this article.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the best strategy for pacifier disinfection methods. Material and Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to find all relevant articles published over the past 20 years, based on PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers extracted data independently by using a standardized form. The following factors were recorded: country of study, type of study, pacifier material, sample number, microorganisms analyzed, decontamination methods used, method accessibility and results found. Results: A total of 121 articles were obtained from all databases. The selected documents underwent a final screening, resulting in 8 articles. The method of disinfection analyzed by the literature were: 3.5% neutral detergent, apple cider vinegar 70% spray, boiling water during 15 minutes, sodium hypochlorite 2.5, hydrogen peroxide 70% spray, chlorhexidine 0.12%, Brushtox®, sterile water and microwave. Conclusion: Because of the broad methods for pacifier disinfection and different levels of accessibility to disinfectant agents, the pacifier consensus for decontamination remains unclear. Although the disinfection methods are diverse, the methods suggested to its disinfection were identified and described in this article.

Resumo: Foi analisado o consumo alimentar de 15.071 servidores públicos de seis cidades brasileiras participantes da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010), com o objetivo de identificar os padrões alimentares e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Foram aplicadas análise de correspondência múltipla e cluster. Os quatro padrões identificados e suas respectivas frequências foram: "tradicional" (48%); "frutas e hortaliças" (25%); "pastelaria" (24%); e "diet/light" (5%) Os padrões "tradicional" e "pastelaria" foram mais frequentes entre homens, indivíduos mais jovens e de menor escolaridade. Por outro lado, os padrões "frutas e hortaliças" e "diet/light" foram mais frequente entre mulheres, indivíduos mais velhos e de maior escolaridade. Nossos achados mostram a inclusão de novos itens no padrão "tradicional" e o aparecimento do padrão "low sugar/low fat" entre os hábitos alimentares de trabalhadores brasileiros, e sinalizam diferenças sociodemográficas e regionais.

Abstract: The food consumption of 15,071 public employees was analyzed in six Brazilian cities participating in the baseline for Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010) with the aim of identifying eating patterns and their relationship to socio-demographic variables. Multiple correspondence and cluster analysis were applied. Four patterns were identified, with their respective frequencies: "traditional" (48%); "fruits and vegetables" (25%); "pastry shop" (24%); and "diet/light" (5%) The "traditional" and "pastry shop" patterns were more frequent among men, younger individuals, and those with less schooling. "Fruits and vegetables" and "diet/light" were more frequent in women, older individuals, and those with more schooling. Our findings show the inclusion of new items in the "traditional" pattern and the appearance of the "low sugar/low fat" pattern among the eating habits of Brazilian workers, and signal socio-demographic and regional differences.

Resumen Se analizó el consumo alimenticio de 15.071 empleados públicos de seis ciudades brasileñas, participantes de la línea de base del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010), con el objetivo de identificar los patrones alimenticios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Se aplicó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple y clúster. Los cuatro patrones identificados y sus respectivas frecuencias fueron: "tradicional" (48%); "frutas y hortalizas" (25%); "pastelería" (24%); y "diet/light" (5%). Los patrones "tradicional" y "pastelería" fueron más frecuentes entre hombres, individuos más jóvenes y de menor escolaridad. Por otro lado, los patrones "frutas y hortalizas" y "diet/light" fueron más frecuentes entre mujeres, individuos más viejos y de mayor escolaridad. Nuestros hallazgos muestran la inclusión de nuevos ítems en el patrón "tradicional" y la aparición del padrón "low sugar/low fat" entre los hábitos alimenticios de trabajadores brasileños, y señalan diferencias sociodemográficas y regionales.

Resumo: Foi analisado o consumo alimentar de 15.071 servidores públicos de seis cidades brasileiras participantes da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010), com o objetivo de identificar os padrões alimentares e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Foram aplicadas análise de correspondência múltipla e cluster. Os quatro padrões identificados e suas respectivas frequências foram: "tradicional" (48%); "frutas e hortaliças" (25%); "pastelaria" (24%); e "diet/light" (5%) Os padrões "tradicional" e "pastelaria" foram mais frequentes entre homens, indivíduos mais jovens e de menor escolaridade. Por outro lado, os padrões "frutas e hortaliças" e "diet/light" foram mais frequente entre mulheres, indivíduos mais velhos e de maior escolaridade. Nossos achados mostram a inclusão de novos itens no padrão "tradicional" e o aparecimento do padrão "low sugar/low fat" entre os hábitos alimentares de trabalhadores brasileiros, e sinalizam diferenças sociodemográficas e regionais.

Abstract: The food consumption of 15,071 public employees was analyzed in six Brazilian cities participating in the baseline for Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010) with the aim of identifying eating patterns and their relationship to socio-demographic variables. Multiple correspondence and cluster analysis were applied. Four patterns were identified, with their respective frequencies: "traditional" (48%); "fruits and vegetables" (25%); "pastry shop" (24%); and "diet/light" (5%) The "traditional" and "pastry shop" patterns were more frequent among men, younger individuals, and those with less schooling. "Fruits and vegetables" and "diet/light" were more frequent in women, older individuals, and those with more schooling. Our findings show the inclusion of new items in the "traditional" pattern and the appearance of the "low sugar/low fat" pattern among the eating habits of Brazilian workers, and signal socio-demographic and regional differences.

Resumen Se analizó el consumo alimenticio de 15.071 empleados públicos de seis ciudades brasileñas, participantes de la línea de base del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil, 2008-2010), con el objetivo de identificar los patrones alimenticios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Se aplicó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple y clúster. Los cuatro patrones identificados y sus respectivas frecuencias fueron: "tradicional" (48%); "frutas y hortalizas" (25%); "pastelería" (24%); y "diet/light" (5%). Los patrones "tradicional" y "pastelería" fueron más frecuentes entre hombres, individuos más jóvenes y de menor escolaridad. Por otro lado, los patrones "frutas y hortalizas" y "diet/light" fueron más frecuentes entre mujeres, individuos más viejos y de mayor escolaridad. Nuestros hallazgos muestran la inclusión de nuevos ítems en el patrón "tradicional" y la aparición del padrón "low sugar/low fat" entre los hábitos alimenticios de trabajadores brasileños, y señalan diferencias sociodemográficas y regionales.

This transverse, observational study of 119 elderly diabetics of both sexes enrolled in a diabetics program at a medium-complexity clinic of Brazil's national health system was carried out from September 2007 to August 2008, with a view to characterizing the participants according to the variables studied. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Piauí. Data were calculated using the EPI-INFO program, version 6.04d. The chi-square test was used to analyze the association between variables. It was found that 11.8% of the subjects lived alone; and 33.6% had been diabetic for more than 15 years. Most were women (69.7%), aged between 60 and 69 (58.0%) and overweight (60.5%). The respective rates of high and very high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were 28.8% and 45.8%. The risk for CVD was associated with the values of weight, BMI, waist circumference and male sex.

Estudio con diabéticos idosos participantes de un Programa de Diabetis en un ambulatorio de mediana complejidad del Sistema Único de Salud, cuyo objetivo fue caracterizar los participantes según las variables estudiadas. La investigación observacional, transversal, con 119 ancianos, de ambos los sexos, fue conducida entre setiembre/2007- agosto/2008, aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Piauí - Brasil. Los datos fueron tabulados por el EPI-INFO versión 6.04d. Para el análisis de la asociación entre variables, se utilizó el test del c². Fue observado que 11,8% de los ancianos vivían solos, 33,6% eran diabéticos hacía más de 15 años. Predominaron las mujeres (69,7%), la faja etaria de 60-69 años (58,0%) y el sobrepeso (60,5%). Las proporciones respectivas de riesgo elevado y muy elevado de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) fueron: 28,8% y 45,8%. El riesgo para el desarrollo de ECV presentó asociación con los valores del peso, índice de masa corpoal, circunferencia de la cintura y sexo masculino.

Este é um estudo abrangendo idosos diabéticos participantes de um Programa de Diabetes em ambulatório de média complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde com o objetivo de caracterizar os participantes segundo as variáveis estudadas. A investigação observacional, transversal, com 119 idosos, de ambos os sexos, foi conduzida entre setembro/2007-agosto/2008, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os dados foram tabulados pelo EPI-INFO versão 6.04d. Para a análise da associação entre variáveis, utilizou-se o teste do c². Observou-seque 11,8% dos idosos moravam só, 33,6% eram diabéticos há mais de 15 anos. Predominaram as mulheres (69,7%), a faixa etária de 60-69 anos (58,0%) e o sobrepeso (60,5%). As proporções respectivas de risco elevado e muito elevado de doença cardiovascular (DCV) foram: 28,8% e 45,8%. O risco para o desenvolvimento de DCV apresentou associação com os valores do peso, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e sexo masculino.

Cryptococcus neoformans é levedura encapsulada, agente etiológico da criptococose. As espécies são comumente associadas com fezes de pombos e material vegetal. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a presença de leveduras em fezes de pombos e identificar os isolados em relação aos sorotipos e "mating types". Dez amostras de fezes de pombos foram coletadas na zona rural da cidade de Alfenas, Brasil. As amostras foram inoculadas em agar Niger e 22 isolados com características de C. neoformans foram obtidos. Os sorotipos e "mating types" foram determinados pela PCR multiplex e os sorotipos foram identificados também pelo Kit Crypto Check. Dentre as 22 amostras avaliadas, oito foram identificadas como C. neoformans através dos testes clássicos. Estas amostras foram caracterizadas como sorotipo A pelo Kit Crypto check e como sorotipo A MATalfa pela PCR multiplex. O presente estudo reforça a evidência de que as fezes de pombos constituem reservatório para C. neoformans e confirma a prevalência de C. neoformans var. grubii (Aalfa) nos isolados ambientais. PCR multiplex é uma alternativa aceitável para análise do sorotipo porque reduz os custos de cada reação e analisa simultaneamente os sorotipos e "mating type".

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast, etiological agent of cryptococcosis. The species is commonly associated with pigeon droppings and plant materials. The aim of the present work was to verify the presence of the yeast in pigeon droppings, and to identify the isolates obtained in serotypes and mating types (MAT). Ten samples of pigeon droppings were collected in the rural area of the city of Alfenas, Brazil. Samples were inoculated in agar Niger medium for fungal isolation and 22 isolates with characteristics of C. neoformans were obtained. The serotypes and MAT were determined by multiplex PCR using specific primers. Serotypes were also determined by using the Kit Crypto Check. Among the 22 samples evaluated, eight were identified as C. neoformans by classic identification tests. These samples were characterized as serotype A by the Kit Crypto check and as serotype A MAT alpha by the multiplex PCR. The present study reinforces the evidence that pigeon droppings are a reservoir for C. neoformans and confirms the prevalence of C. neoformans var. grubii (Aalpha) among environmental isolates. It also demonstrates that multiplex PCR is an acceptable alternative for serotype analysis because it reduces the costs for each reaction and analyses serotype and MAT simultaneously.