RESUMEN La periodontitis apical (PA) es una inflamación y destrucción de los tejidos periapicales comúnmente causada por bacterias como resultado de caries o traumatismos dentales. Aunque los mecanismos de defensa del huésped están activados, la acción bacteriana provoca la destrucción apical. Se ha identificado la microbiota relacionada con esta patología en el interior del conducto radicular. Enterococcus faecalis es un coco grampositivo presente en casos clínicos persistentes de PA. Un tratamiento de conducto puede eliminar los agentes infecciosos. Sin embargo, si la PA persiste, se puede considerar un retratamiento del conducto radicular o una apicectomía. Aunque el diagnóstico definitivo de PA se logra mediante un examen histopatológico, los estudios de investigación confirman que es más probable que la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico detecte PA que la radiografía periapical (RP). El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es describir la etiología, índice periapical, clasificación de la periodontitis apical: aguda y crónica, así como pruebas diagnósticas adicionales y alternativas de tratamiento para su abordaje clínico.

ABSTRACT Apical Periodontitis (AP) is an inflammation and destruction of the periapical tissues commonly caused by bacteria as a result of dental caries or trauma. Although the host's defense mechanisms are activated, the bacterial action causes apical destruction. The microbiota related to this pathology has been identified inside the root canal of teeth. Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive cocci present in persistent clinical cases of AP. A root canal treatment can eliminate the infectious agents. However, if AP persists, a root canal retreatment or an apicoectomy can be considered. Although the definitive diagnosis of AP is achieved by histopathological examination, research studies confirm that cone beam computed tomography is more likely to detect AP than periapical radiography (RP). The objective of this literature review is to describe the etiology, periapical index, apical periodontitis classification: acute and chronic, as well as additional diagnostic test and treatment alternatives for its clinical approach.

Abstract The objective was to understand the difficulties and potential of a Mental Health (MH) network aimed at children and adolescents, identifying how professionals understand and operationalize the principles of the policy of SM for children and adolescents. Five Focus Groups were held, with the participation of 43 workers. We used lexical analysis through the Iramuteq software, originating four classes: “What is being a child and adolescent?”; “What do children and adolescents suffer from?”; “On the relationship between services” and “Potentials and challenges of the Mental Health Network”. Difficulties in sharing care were identified, articulating the network outside of oneself. Capsij is perceived as a priority for user embracement, and there is still difficulty in providing care in MH in Primary Care (AB). It is concluded that the complexity of care in MS for children and adolescents imposes the need to continue strategies to strengthen the AB and intersectoral actions aimed at an expanded clinic.

Resumen El objetivo fue comprender las dificultades y potencialidades de una red de Salud Mental (SM) para niños y adolescentes, identificando cómo los profesionales entienden y operacionalizan los principios de la política de SM para la niñez y adolescencia. Se realizaron cinco Grupos Focales, en los que participaron 43 trabajadores. Se utilizó el análisis léxico a través del software Iramuteq, originando cuatro clases: “¿Qué es ser niño y adolescente?”; “¿Qué padecen los niños y adolescentes?”; “Sobre la relación entre servicios” y “Potencialidades y desafíos de la Red de Salud Mental”. Se identificaron dificultades a la hora de compartir los cuidados, articulando la red para fuera de sí. El Capsij se percibe como una prioridad para la acogida, existiendo aún dificultades para implementar los cuidados en SM en Atención Primaria (AP). Se concluye que la complejidad de la atención en SM para niños y adolescentes impone la necesidad de continuidad de las estrategias de fortalecimiento de la AP y de acciones intersectoriales, visando una clínica ampliada.

Resumo Objetivou-se conhecer as dificuldades e potencialidades de uma rede de Saúde Mental (SM) voltada a crianças e adolescentes, identificando como profissionais compreendem e operacionalizam os princípios da política de SM infantojuvenil. Foram realizados cinco Grupos Focais, com participação de 43 trabalhadores. Utilizou-se da análise lexical por meio do software Iramuteq, originando quatro classes: “O que é ser criança e adolescente?”; “Do que sofrem as crianças e adolescentes?”; “Sobre a relação entre os serviços” e “Potencialidades e desafios da Rede de Saúde Mental”. Identificou-se dificuldades em compartilhar o cuidado, articulando a rede para fora de si. O Capsij é percebido como prioritário para o acolhimento, havendo, ainda, dificuldade em efetivar os cuidados em SM na Atenção Básica (AB). Conclui-se que a complexidade da atenção em SM para crianças e adolescentes impõe a necessidade de continuidade de estratégias de fortalecimento da AB e de ações intersetoriais visando uma clínica ampliada.

Abstract We present a functional study ofregion (31°S) and chronologies between 6200 and 1760 calyr BP. The sample is from the site Los Morrillos, Gruta 1 and 2 (San Juan, Argentina). We organize the occupational history of the site into three phases: 1) 6200-5000 years cal BP, 2) 2530-2230 years cal BP and 3) later than 2000 years cal BP. We seek to identify different weapon systems, to refine the chronology of entry of the bow and arrow and to evaluate different metric variables with discriminant potential (perimeter and cross-sectional area, mass, aerodynamics, shoulder width and stem or neck width). We recorded dart points throughout the chronological sequence. Within this type of projectile, we distinguish two groups: a) larger and heavier darts and b) smaller and lighter darts. The latter could be part of systems that the use feathering and/or high velocityprojectiles. Large and small darts are recorded in the first phase. Large darts have an important representation throughout the occupational sequence. Small darts predominate in phase 2. The earliest arrowheads at the site were recorded in this phase (2530 calyr BP) and continue in phase 3, which represents the co-existence of weapon systems. These results are coherent with the macro-regional trends that propose the arrival of the bow and arrow at 29°S ca. 3000 calyrs BP and at 37°S ca. 1000 calyrs BP.

Resumen Presentamos un estudio funcional de puntas de proyectil líticas procedentes de una región andina (31°S) con cronologías entre 6200 y 1760 años cal AP. La muestra corresponde al sitio Los Morrillos, Gruta 1 y 2 (San Juan, Argentina). Organizamos la historia ocupacional del sitio en tres fases: 1) 6200-5000 años cal AP, 2) 2530-2230 años cal AP y 3) a partir de 2000 años cal AP. Buscamos identificar diferentes sistemas de arma, afinar la cronología de ingreso del sistema arco-flecha y evaluar diferentes variables métricas con potencial discriminante (perímetro y área de sección transversal del limbo, masa, aerodinámica, ancho de hombros y ancho del cuello del pedúnculo). Registramos puntas de dardos a lo largo de toda la secuencia cronológica. Dentro de este tipo de proyectil distinguimos dos grupos: a) dardos grandes y más pesados y b) dardos pequeños y livianos. Estos últimos podrían vincularse al uso de emplumadura y/o a proyectiles de alta velocidad. En la primera fase solo se registran dardos, grandes y pequeños. Los dardos grandes tienen una representación importante en toda la secuencia ocupacional, los pequeños predominan en la fase 2. En esta fase se registran las puntas de flecha más tempranas del sitio (2530 años cal AP) y continúan presentes en la fase 3, lo que indica una co-existencia de sistemas de arma. Estos resultados son coherentes con las tendencias macrorregionales que proponen un ingreso del arco-flecha a los 29°S ca. 3000 años cal AP y a los 37°S ca. de 1000 años cal AP.

Resumo O desenvolvimento, estabelecimento e reparo da periodontite apical (PA) depende de vários fatores, que incluem a susceptibilidade do hospedeiro, infecção microbiana, resposta imune, bem como a qualidade do tratamento do canal radicular e a capacidade de reparo do organismo. A compreensão das contribuições genéticas para o risco de desenvolver a PA e apresentar PA persistente tem sido extensivamente explorada na Endodontia moderna. Assim, este manuscrito pretende fornecer uma revisão da literatura em relação aos mediadores bioquímicos envolvidos na sinalização da resposta imune, osteoclastogênese e neoformação óssea, bem como os componentes genéticos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e reparo da PA. Uma revisão narrativa da literatura foi realizada através de uma pesquisa nas bases PUBMED/MEDLINE e uma pesquisa manual nos principais livros sobre a PA. O conhecimento sobre as células, receptores e moléculas envolvidas na resposta imuno-inflamatória do hospedeiro durante a progressão da PA somado ao conhecimento da biologia óssea, especialmente o papel dos osteoblastos, osteócitos e osteoclastos no turnover ósseo, permite a identificação de fatores inerentes ao hospedeiro que podem interferir tanto na progressão como no reparo destas lesões. Os principais resultados dos estudos avaliados na revisão que investigaram a correlação entre polimorfismos genéticos e PA, nos últimos cinco anos, demonstram que os fatores genéticos do indivíduo estão envolvidos no sucesso do tratamento do canal radicular. A discussão desta revisão fornece subsídios que podem ajudar a vislumbrar o desenvolvimento de novas terapias baseadas na identificação de alvos terapêuticos e no desenvolvimento de materiais e técnicas destinadas a atuar a nível molecular para o sucesso clínico, radiográfico e histológico do tratamento endodôntico.

Abstract The development, establishment and repair of apical periodontitis (AP) is dependent of several factors, which include host susceptibility, microbial infection, immune response, quality of root canal treatment and organism's ability to repair. The understanding of genetic contributions to the risk of developing AP and presenting persistent AP has been extensively explored in modern Endodontics. Thus, this article aims to provide a review of the literature regarding the biochemical mediators involved in immune response signaling, osteoclastogenesis and bone neoformation, as the genetic components involved in the development and repair of AP. A narrative review of the literature was performed through a PUBMED/MEDLINE search and a hand search of the major AP textbooks. The knowledge regarding the cells, receptors and molecules involved in the host's immune-inflammatory response during the progression of AP added to the knowledge of bone biology allows the identification of factors inherent to the host that can interfere both in the progression and in the repair of these lesions. The main outcomes of studies evaluated in the review that investigated the correlation between genetic polymorphisms and AP in the last five years, demonstrate that genetic factors of the individual are involved in the success of root canal treatment. The discussion of this review gives subsides that may help to glimpse the development of new therapies based on the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of materials and techniques aimed at acting at the molecular level for clinical, radiographic and histological success of root canal treatment.

Resumen Casa de Piedra de Roselló (CP) es un sitio arqueológico con arte rupestre ubicado en el sudoeste de Chubut en un área ecotonal de bosque-estepa, a escasos kilómetros de la frontera internacional con la República de Chile. Está compuesto por una cueva principal (CP1) y otros dos abrigos adyacentes (CP2 y CP3) de menor tamaño, localizados en una cota superior. Las excavaciones realizadas en CP1 han brindado abundante material arqueológico en nueve niveles estratigráficos con cronologías que van desde los ca. 9000 años calibrados AP hasta el siglo XX. Las representaciones rupestres de CP dan cuenta de tipos de motivos asignables a los tres grandes períodos del Holoceno, así como a momentos históricos recientes. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis y las interpretaciones de las inscripciones históricas realizadas durante los siglos XIX y XX. Las superposiciones de representaciones de momentos históricos sobre motivos prehispánicos advierten sobre la trascendencia diacrónica de este espacio y su posible reapropiación y resignificación, y a su vez constituyen una línea de evidencia que es abordada a partir de un enfoque microhistórico.

Abstract Casa de Piedra de Roselló (CP) is an archaeological site with rock art located on southwestern Chubut in an ecotonal forest-steppe area, a few kilometers away from the Republic of Chile’ s international border. The site consists of a main cave (CP1) and two other adjacent smaller shelters (CP2 and CP3), located at an upper elevation. Excavations at CP1 have provided abundant archaeological material from nine stratigraphic levels with chronologies that range from ca. 9,000 years calibrated AP to the 20th century. CP’s rock art accounts for types of motifs assignable to the three great periods of the Holocene, as well as to recent historical moments. This paper presents the analysis and interpretations of the historical inscriptions from 19th and 20th centuries. The superimpositions of historical motifs over pre-Hispanic rock art representations warn about the diachronic transcendence of this space and its possible reappropriation and resignification, and in turn, constitute a line of evidence that is approached from a microhistorical approach.

SUMMARY: The caroticoclinoid (CF) and the interclinoid (IF) foramina are variant formations of the middle cranial fossa, which result from idiopathic and possibly atavistic ossifications of the caroticoclinoid and interclinoid ligaments, respectively. Topographically, these foramina are intimately associated, to varying degrees, depending on their conformations, with the neurovascular elements of the paraclinoid region and have important clinical and surgical significance. Thus, this study, conducted from 38 dry skulls belonging to the shared collection of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares campus, revealed 11 skulls (28.95 %) with one of the two complete formations - the caroticoclinoid or the interclinoid, and in 6 skulls the caroticoclinoid foramen occurred uni or bilaterally. As a result, 50 % of these skulls presented the CF exclusively on the right (or 62.5 % of the total number of variant foramina), with an average transverse diameter of 4.91 mm and 5.8 mm AP (anteroposterior) diameter and an average area of 22.5 mm2. Concerning the IF, the findings occurred in 5 skulls with variable distributions between the clinoid processes and lateralities. The average length of the bone bridges in the IF was 7.7 mm. In conclusion, detailed anatomical knowledge of the caroticoclinoid and the interclinoid foramina is fundamental to the practice of neurosurgical procedures, since they have intimate relationships at a location of high structural complexity.

RESUMEN: El foramen caroticoclinoideo (FC) y el foramen interclinoideo (IC) son formaciones variables de la fosa craneal media, que resultan de osificaciones idiopáticas y posiblemente atávicas de los ligamentos caroticoclinoideo e interclinoideo, respectivamente. Estos forámenes están íntimamente asociados topográficamente en diversos grados, dependiendo de sus conformaciones, con los elementos neurovasculares de la región paraclinoidea y tienen importancia clínica y quirúrgica. Así, este estudio, realizado a partir de 38 cráneos secos pertenecientes a la colección compartida de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares, reveló 11 cráneos (28,95 %) con una de las dos formaciones completas: el FC o el IC, y en 6 cráneos el FC se presentó uni o bilateralmente. Como resultado, el 50 % de estos cráneos presentaba el FC exclusivamente a la derecha (o el 62,5 % del total de forámenes variantes), con un diámetro transversal medio de 4,91 mm y un diámetro anteroposterior medio de 5,8 mm y un área promedio de 22,5 mm2. En cuanto a la FI, los hallazgos se presentaban en 5 cráneos con distribuciones variables entre los procesos clinoides y lateralidades. La longitud media de los puentes óseos en el FI fue de 7,7 mm. En conclusión, el conocimiento anatómico detallado de los forámenes caroticoclinoideo e interclinoideo resulta fundamental para la práctica de procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos, ya que presentan relaciones íntimas en un lugar de alta complejidad estructural.

Resumen Introducción: la pancreatitis aguda (PA) es una enfermedad de alta complejidad clínica y, de acuerdo con su gravedad, puede tener una elevada morbimortalidad con altos costos para el sistema de salud, especialmente a nivel intrahospitalario. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo basado en historias clínicas de un hospital universitario de alta complejidad. Se revisaron las historias con diagnóstico CIE 10 de pancreatitis aguda entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2018. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, con diagnóstico de PA por cumplimiento de al menos 2 de los criterios de Atlanta de 2012. Resultados: se revisaron 1353 historias clínicas, de las cuales 386 cumplieron criterios para PA. Entre ellas se identificaron 205 mujeres (53 %) y 181 hombres (47 %), y la prevalencia de comorbilidades fue inferior al 10 %. El 38 % de los casos de pancreatitis ocurrieron en personas entre los 50 y 70 años de edad. Con respecto a la etiología de la PA, el origen biliar fue el de mayor frecuencia, con 200 casos del total (52 %); seguido de idiopático (19,7 %) y poscolangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE), que ocurrió en 33 pacientes (8,5 %). Conclusiones: la PA es una entidad frecuente que afecta a adultos de todas las edades y genera una cantidad importante de consultas en urgencias. En Colombia, los datos previos apuntaban a pacientes con pancreatitis graves y no se tenía conocimiento del comportamiento sociodemográfico y clínico de las pancreatitis agudas en urgencias.

Abstract Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease with a high degree of clinical complexity, and depending on its severity, it can have high morbidity and mortality rates, resulting in substantial health-care costs, particularly at the hospital level. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was developed based on the medical records of a tertiary referral university hospital. The records that included an ICD 10 diagnosis of acute pancreatitis between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. All patients over the age of 18, of both sexes, with an AP diagnosis who met at least two of the 2012 Atlanta criteria were included in the study. Results: 1 353 records were reviewed, of which 386 met the criteria for AP. There were 205 women (53%) and 181 males (47%) among them, and comorbidities were found in less than 10% of the participants. 38% of cases of pancreatitis occurred in people between 50 and 70 years of age. Regarding the etiology of AP, biliary origin was the most frequent with 200 cases (52%), followed by idiopathic (19.7%) and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 33 patients (8.5%). Conclusions: AP is a common condition that affects adults of all ages and results in a high number of emergency room visits. Previous data in Colombia was only available for individuals with severe pancreatitis, and nothing was known about the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis in the emergency room.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou o efeito de açafrão em pó (AP) sobre a produtividade e qualidade de ovos de codornas e sobre a qualidade de ovos armazenados em diferentes temperaturas por 7 ou 14 dias. Codornas foram distribuídas em três tratamentos que consistiram em dietas baseadas em sorgo com (1,5 e 3%) ou sem inclusão de AP e cinco repetições por 84 dias. Ovos foram armazenados em temperatura ambiente ou refrigerados por 7 ou 14 dias em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 × 2 com três níveis de AP × duas temperaturas de armazenamento (TA) × dois períodos de armazenamento (PA). A inclusão de AP não afetou o desempenho das codornas ou a qualidade de ovo aos 84 dias. A interação TA × PA influenciou a altura e o diâmetro de gema e albúmen e o valor de unidade Haugh. Ovos de codornas com dietas suplementadas com 3% AP e armazenados por 14 dias mostraram peso específico similar ao de ovos armazenados por 7 dias, independente da suplementação com AP. Concluiu-se que dietas com 3% de AP não afetaram o desempenho e qualidade de ovos frescos mas melhorou a qualidade de ovos armazenados por 14 dias em temperatura ambiente.

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of turmeric powder (TP) on the productivity and egg quality of quails and on the quality of eggs stored at different temperatures for 7 or 14 d. Quails were distributed in three treatments that consisted of sorghum-based diets with 1.5% and 3% TP or zero TP inclusion, with five replicates for 84 d. Eggs were stored at ambient temperature or refrigerated for 7 or 14 d in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with three TP levels × two storage temperatures (ST) × two storage periods (SP). Inclusion of TP did not affect the performance of the quails or egg quality at 84 d. Interaction SP × ST influenced the height and diameter of yolk and albumen, and the Haugh unit value. Eggs of quails with a diet supplemented with 3% TP and stored for 14 d showed specific gravity similar to the eggs stored for 7 d, despite the TP supplementation. It was concluded that diets with 3% TP did not affect the performance and quality of fresh eggs but improved the quality of eggs stored for 14 d at ambient temperature.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la frecuencia de la ansiedad preoperatoria (AP) y los factores asociados en las gestantes programadas con cesárea electiva. Metodos: estudio transversal en mujeres con embarazo de término sin actividad uterina ni complicaciones médicas, quirúrgicas u obstétricas, realizado previo a la intervención de cesárea electiva, en Cartagena, Colombia. Participación anónima y voluntaria con consentimiento informado. Se aplicó un formulario de características sociodemográficas y la versión en español de la escala Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Se realizó regresión logística no ajustada para observar la asociación de las variables cualitativas con AP, se estimó el coeficiente de correlación entre las puntuaciones de las dos subescalas del APAIS con las variables cuantitativas. Resultados: se estudiaron 326 embarazadas, con edad entre 28,5 ± 6,4 años; 7,9 % adolescentes; 24,2 % primigestantes; 81,9 % con cesárea anterior y 70,8 % sin otras cirugías previamente. El 45 % informó no estar de ningún modo preocupada por la cirugía o anestesia y el 7,8 % quería saber mucho más sobre el procedimiento. La frecuencia de AP y de la necesidad de tener mucha más información de la cirugía o anestesia fue del 9,2 %. El número de familiares en la sala de espera se correlacionó negativamente con AP, rho: -0,127 [IC 95 %: -0,232-0,019]. La necesidad de mucha más información sobre la cirugía o anestesia se asoció con el aumento en la frecuencia de AP, OR: 10,9 [IC 95 %: 4,54-26,36]. También lo fueron los estados civiles: unión libre y separada, con respecto a casada: OR: 3,7[IC 95 %: 1,5- 9,2] y OR: 4,4 [IC 95 %: 1,0-19,3], respectivamente. Conclusión: la frecuencia de AP previa a la cesárea fue de 9,2 %. La necesidad de tener más información sobre la cirugía o anestesia se asoció diez veces mayor la presencia de AP y el número de familiares en la sala de espera se correlacionó negativamente con AP, pero el tamaño del coeficiente de correlación se interpretó como despreciable.

SUMMARY Objective: To estimate frequency of preoperative anxiety (PA) and associated factors in pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section. Methods: Cross sectional study in full term pregnant women without uterine activity and without medical, surgical or obstetric complications. Was carried out before elective cesarean section in Cartagena, Colombia. Anonymous and voluntary participation with informed consent. A sociodemographic characteristic form and the Spanish version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) were applied. Unadjusted logistic regression was performed to observe the association of the qualitative variables with PA and the correlation coefficient between the scores of the two subscales of the APAIS and the quantitative variables was estimated. Results: 326 pregnant women were studied. Age 28, 5±6, 4 years; 7, 9 % teenagers; 24, 2 % primigravid, 81,9 % with previous cesarean section and 70,8 % without other previous surgery. 45, 0 % reported not being in any way worried about surgery/anesthesia and 7, 8 % wanted to know much more about the procedure. The frequency of PA and the need of much more information about surgery/anesthesia was 9, 2 %. The number of relatives in the waiting room was negatively correlated with PA, rho: -0,127[CI 95 %: -0,232 to -0,019]. The need of much more information about surgery/anesthesia was associated with increased frequency of PA, OR: 10, 9 [CI 95 %: 4, 54-26, 36]. Also, civil status was associated: free union and separate respect to married, OR: 3,7[CI 95 %: 1,5-9,2] and OR: 4,4[CI 95 %: 1,0-19,3], respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of PA before cesarean section was 9, 2 %. The need of much more information about surgery/anesthesia, was associated ten times greater presence of PA and the number of relatives in the waiting room was negatively correlated with AP, but the size of the correlation coefficient was interpreted as negligible.

The effect of using chicken manure compost (CGP) at levels of (T1) 0, (T2) 10 and (T3) 20 t/ha, on green forage yield (GF), dry matter (DM), plant height (PH) and total protein (TP) of alfalfa, in a pasture area of Huancayo (Junín, Peru) was evaluated. The fertilization was done on the first day of the study and at the beginning of week 6. The first cut was done at 42 days of the first fertilization and the second at 35 days of the second fertilization. The yields at the second cut of GF in T1, T2 and T3 were 18.6, 23.5 and 26.8 t/ha (p<0.05), of DM were 2.5, 7.0 and 7.1 t/ha (p<0.05), of TP were 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 t/ha (p<0.05) and of PH were 60.8, 66.9 and 63.8 cm, respectively (p<0.05). It was shown that it is possible to use broiler chicken manure compost to obtain an improved organic alfalfa production.

Se evaluó el efecto del uso de compost de guano de pollos (CGP) en niveles de (T1) 0, (T2) 10 y (T3) 20 t/ha sobre el rendimiento de forraje verde (FV), materia seca (MS), altura de planta (AP) y proteína total (PT) de la alfalfa en una pradera de Huancayo (Junín, Perú). El abonamiento se hizo al primer día del estudio y al inicio de la semana 6. El primer corte se hizo a los 42 días del primer abonamiento y el segundo corte a los 35 días del segundo abonamiento. Los rendimientos al segundo corte de FV en T1, T2 y T3 fueron de 18.6, 23.5 y 26.8 t/ha (p<0.05), de MS de 2.5, 7.0 y 7.1 t/ha (p<0.05), de PT de 0.8, 1.0 y 1.2 t/ha (p<0.05) y de AP de 60.8, 66.9 y 63.8 cm, respectivamente (p<0.05). Se demuestra que es posible emplear compost de guano de pollos broiler para obtener una mayor producción orgánica de alfalfa.

Abstract A 68 year old female, hypertensive patient, treated with telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide 80/12.5/24h. History of Dyspnea of small efforts, orthopnea, hypotension the supine, bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, heart failure with LVEF 20%, with very rapid evolution (2-3 months). Origin of bilateral pleural effusions so far of idiopathic origin. Requested anesthetic time to have videotoracopia diagnosed, bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial window drainage, take biopsies pleural and Mediastinal, abrasive and chemical pleurodesis. Anesthetic plan to: lock the bilateral spinal erector with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), remifentanil in perfusion system continues with etomidate. Conclusion: The blocking of the spinal erector decreased consumption of opioid to half the expected, as well as allowing good in the intraoperative and postoperative pain management. We did not have hemodynamic variations at the time of its application, despite being a susceptible patient to hypotension to the supine position. Etomidate did nót allow variations in the hemodynamics at the time of the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The remifentanil allowed to maintain a constant opioid infusion including a post-extubation time, having the advantage of being an opioid of begining and fast metabolism.

Resumen Paciente de 68 años de edad, hipertensa, en tratamiento con telmisartan/hidroclorotiazida 80/12.5/24h. Antecedentes de disnea de pequeños esfuerzos, ortopnea, hipotensión al supino, derrame pleural bilateral, derrame pericárdico, falla cardiaca con FEVI 20%, con muy rápida evolución (2-3 meses). Origen del derrame pleural bilateral hasta el momento de origen idiopático. Se solicitó tiempo anestésico para videotoracopia diagnostica, drenaje de derrame pleural bilateral, ventana pericárdica, toma de biopsias pleurales y mediastinales, pleurodesis abrasiva y química. Plan anestésico: Bloqueo del erector espinal bilateral con anestesia total intravenosa (TIVA), remifentanilo en sistema de perfusión continúa con etomidato. Conclusiones: El bloqueo del erector espinal disminuyó el consumo de opioide a la mitad del esperado, además de permitir buen manejo del dolor en el transoperatorio y postoperatorio. No tuvimos variaciones hemodinámicas al momento de su aplicación, a pesar de ser una paciente con predisposición a hipotensión al supino. El etomidato tampoco permitió variaciones en la hemodinamia al momento de la inducción y mantenimiento de la anestesia. El remifentanilo permitió mantener perfusión de un opioide constante inclusive una hora posterior a la extubación, teniendo la ventaja de ser un opioide de inicio y metabolismo rápido.

ABSTRACT Forest cover in areas degraded by mining is an alternative way of mitigating CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by fixing C in tree biomass. This study evaluated the growth and C stocks of forest cover in an area of bauxite mining with four sources of fertilizer. Height (Ht), diameter at ground level (DGL), and diameter at breast height (DBH) were determined in Anadenanthera peregrina (Ap), clonal Eucalyptus (Euc), and a mixed plantation of 16 native forest species (Nat) at 6, 18, 36, and 56 months of age. Trunk+bark volume, biomass, and C stock were also determined for these forest covers at 56 months of age. The fertilization treatments were a standard (SF) adopted by the company, SF plus organic fertilizer (OF), chemical fertilizer (CF), and OF+CF. Euc displayed greater values of Ht, DGL, and DBH under OF+CF and OF. Fertilization did not influence the Ht and DBH of Ap, but DGL was higher under OF+CF at 36 months compared to SF. The Ht values of Nat were influenced by fertilization at 18 months, with the lowest values under SF. The fertilization influenced the DGL of Nat at 36 and 56 months, which did not occur with DBH. The pioneer species had higher Ht, DGL, and DGB compared to non-pioneer species, regardless of the type of fertilization studied. Fertilization influenced the Ht and DGL of pioneer species at 18 and 36 months of age and only the Ht of non-pioneer species. The estimates of Euc biomass (255 Mg ha-1) and C stocks (120 Mg ha-1) under OF+OC were four times greater than in Ap and Nat, which showed no difference between themselves or the types of fertilization. The growth and estimates of volume, biomass, and C stocks of the forest cover were comparable to those of unmined areas. Euc had the greatest growth, biomass, and C stocks.

Abstract The proposed Anthropocene epoch related to the control of geosistems by human activity is analyzed on the basis of environmental vs. anthropical conditions of soil development on agricultural terraces (known locally as lamabordos) at Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, Mexico. The complex relationships between landscape development, changes in environmental conditions, and culturally-driven transformations constitute spatial and temporal indicators of landscape transformation at a regional level. These indicators formed of old soils easily recognizable and differentiated by their morphology, color, stratigraphic position, and age, are a result of cultural transformations controlled by human activities, linked to the use of resources, the land usage, demography and land use planning of their settlement. The older soils, chromic Cambisols (calcaric), were formed during late Pleistocene. During early Holocene an increase of erosional processes allow a poor soil development (calcic Fluvisol). The soils developed 7900 years BP show evidence of anthropic impact (e.g. concentration of carbon particles). Towards middle Holocene (approximately 5500 years BP), the landscape was thoroughly transformed as a consequence of lamabordos building and an increase of the agricultural activity; soils developed are easily recognized in the field and can be regarded as stratigraphic markers. Here we suggest that these soils allow us to link to a new epoch in the Mixteca defined as the Anthropocene. Soils of late Holocene, developed between 2000 and 500 years BP, contain a higher content of carbon fragments and evidence of an increase in the phases of alluvial accumulation, suggesting a more intensive cultural use by settlement groups of the region.

Resumen Se analiza la época propuesta de Antropoceno relacionada con el control de geosistemas por actividades humanas con base en estudios ambientales vs. condiciones antrópicas del desarrollo del suelo en terrazas agrícolas (conocido localmente como lamabordos) en la Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, México. La compleja relación entre la conformación del paisaje, los cambios en las condiciones ambientales y las transformaciones producto de las transformaciones culturales, constituyen indicadores de la transformación del paisaje a nivel regional de forma espacial y temporal. Estos indicadores conformados por suelos antiguos fácilmente reconocibles y diferenciables por su morfología, coloración, posición estratigráfica y su edad, son producto de las transformaciones culturales controladas por las actividades humanas, vinculadas al aprovechamiento de recursos, el uso de la tierra, la demografía y el ordenamiento territorial de sus asentamientos. Los suelos más antiguos, chromic Cambisols (calcaric), se formaron durante el Pleistoceno tardío. Durante el Holoceno temprano un incremento de la dinámica erosiva permitió la formación de suelos poco desarrollados (calcic Fluvisol). Los suelos desarrollados a partir de 7900 AP presentan evidencias de impacto antrópico (p.ej. concentración de partículas de carbón). Hacia el Holoceno medio (aproximadamente 5500 AP), la transformación del paisaje toma lugar con la construcción de lamabordos y un aumento en la actividad agrícola; el suelo de esta edad es fácilmente reconocible en campo por lo que se considera un marcador estratigráfico que permite ubicar temporalmente, definir e identificar una nueva época, proponiéndose como el antropoceno en la Mixteca alta. Los suelos del Holoceno tardío, desarrollados entre los 2000 y 500 AP, con mayor contenido de fragmentos de carbón y un aumento en las fases de sedimentación aluvial, indican un uso más intensivo por parte de las sociedades asentadas en la región.

Resumo Objetivo Explorar 1) se o perfeccionismo, o estresse/copingpercebidos e a regulação emocional cognitiva (REC) estão associadas e predizem o afeto negativo/positivo (AN/AP); e 2) se a REC e o estresse/copingestão associados e mediam a relação perfeccionismo-AN/AP. Existe uma distinção entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo na associação com o AN/AP. A REC e o estresse/copingpoderão mediar as associações entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo-AN/AP. Métodos 344 estudantes (68.4% do sexo feminino) completaram as Escalas Multidimensionais do Perfeccionismo de Hewitt & Flett e de Frost, a Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo Compósita, o Perfil dos Estados de Humor, a Escala de Estresse Percebido e o Questionário da Regulação Emocional Cognitiva. Resultados Os preditores do AN foram o perfeccionismo adaptativo/mal-adaptativo, a REC mal-adaptativa e o estresse percebido (positivamente), a reavaliação positiva e planeamento e o coping(negativamente). Os preditores do AP foram o perfeccionismo adaptativo/mal-adaptativo e o estresse percebido (negativamente), a reavaliação positiva e planeamento, a refocalização positiva e o copingpercebido (positivamente). A associação entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo e o AN foi mediada pela REC mal-adaptativa/baixa REC adaptativa, pelo estresse/baixo copingpercebidos. A associação entre o perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo/adaptativo e baixo AP foi mediada pelo estresse percebido. O elevado AP foi determinado pelo baixo perfeccionismo mal-adaptativo e esta associação foi mediada pela REC adaptativa e pelo coping. A associação entre o perfeccionismo adaptativo e o AN foi mediada pela REC mal-adaptativa e pelo estresse percebido. Conclusão A REC e o estresse/copingpercebidos estão associados e medeiam as associações entre o perfeccionismo e AN/AP.

Abstract Objective To explore 1) if perfectionism, perceived distress/coping, and cognitive emotion regulation (CER) are associated with and predictive of negative/positive affect (NA/PA); and 2) if CER and perceived distress/coping are associated with perfectionism and if they mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations. There is a distinction between maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism in its association with NA/PA. CER and perceived distress/coping may mediate the maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and NA/PA associations. Methods 344 students (68.4% girls) completed the Hewitt & Flett and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results NA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive CER and perceived distress (positively), positive reappraisal and planning, and perceived coping (negatively). PA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and perceived distress (negatively), positive reappraisal and planning, positive refocusing and perceived coping (positively). The association between maladaptive perfectionism and NA was mediated by maladaptive CER/low adaptive CER, perceived distress/low coping. Maladaptive perfectionism and low PA association was mediated by perceived distress. High PA was determined by low maladaptive perfectionism and this association was mediated by adaptive REC and coping. Adaptive perfectionism and NA association was mediated by maladaptive CER and perceived distress. Conclusion CER and perceived distress/coping are associated and mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Esta investigación objetivó estudiar la presencia de Streptococcus spp. en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de la piscifactoría localizada en Sullana-Piura, Perú. Materiales y Método. . 150 peces con signos clínicos de la enfermedad estreptocócica fueron analizados, el aislamiento bacteriano se realizó en agar sangre, en correlación con las lesiones histopatológicas y diagnóstico molecular mediante PCR en tiempo real. Resultados. A la necropsia se observó exoftalmia, hifema, congestión y/o meninges hemorrágicas, ascitis, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia y zonas hemorrágicas difusas en todo el cuerpo. 102 aislados positivos (54) tilapias para Streptococcus spp. fueron identificados en el análisis microbiológico (prevalencia del 26%), el cerebro fue el órgano con el más alto porcentaje del género de esta bacteria (34.31%), 19 aislados fueron beta-hemolítico (18.63%), con prevalencia de 10.12%. Peces con Streptococcus beta-hemolíticos presentaron epicarditis, perisplenitis y meningitis crónica, panoftalmitis, necrosis coagulativa del músculo esquelético y formación de granulomas. En el análisis de PCR en tiempo real, no se obtuvo ninguna tilapia positiva para S. iniae. Los resultados se analizaron mediante una simulación estocástica de la distribución beta usando el programa de incertidumbre @Risk, reportando una prevalencia media de 0.66% en tilapias enfermas. Conclusiones. Los peces analizados fueron positivos para bacterias del género Streptococcus, lo que confirma su presencia en la piscifactoría. Sin embargo, 19 aislados fueron beta-hemolíticos, y la presencia de S. iniae no fue positiva para la prevalencia límite de 2.7% en PCR en tiempo real.

ABSTRACT Objective. This investigation aimed to study the presence of Streptococcus spp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from fish farm located in Sullana-Piura, Peru. Materials and methods. 150 fish with clinical signs of streptococcal disease were sampled, and the bacterium isolation was performed on blood agar, correlated to histopathological lesions description and molecular confirmation by real-time PCR. Results. The necropsy revealed exophthalmia, hyphema, congestion and/or haemorrhagic meninges, ascites, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and diffuse haemorrhagic zones throughout the body. 102 isolated positives (54 tilapias) to Streptococcus spp. were identified in the microbiological analysis (prevalence of 26%), the brain was the organ with the highest percentage of this bacteria (34.31%), and 19 isolates were beta-haemolytic (18.63%) with prevalence of 10.12%. Fish beta-haemolytic streptococci presented epicarditis, perisplenitis and chronic meningitis, panophthalmitis, coagulative necrosis of skeletal muscle and granulomas formation. In the confirmatory test by real-time PCR, any positive tilapia to S. iniae was obtained. The results were analysed using a stochastic simulation of beta distribution using @Risk program uncertainty, reporting an average prevalence of 0.66% in sick tilapias. Conclusions. The analysed fishes were positive to bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, which confirms its presence in the fish farm. However, 19 isolates were beta-haemolytic, and the presence of S. iniae was not positive to the limit prevalence of 2.7% in real-time PCR.