ABSTRACT Physical preparation, as part of training of the cadets, seeks to put the practitioner in optimal condition, perfects their natural aptitudes and develops their physical capabilities to the maximum through systematic exercises. In this sense, the speed of reaction during self-defense is an important aspect to address; however, the observation and analysis of the educational reality at the Institute of Higher Education of the Ministry of the Interior, in Santiago de Cuba, revealed insufficiencies that limit the achievement of high levels in reaction speed. The objective of the study was to develop a methodology for the development of reaction speed during self-defense, in the cadets of the State Security Sciences career of the Ministry of the Interior. In this line of thought, research was carried out with a mixed approach and quasi-experimental design that used documentary review, scientific observation and unstructured interviews as empirical methods; inferential statistics was used through the Wilcoxon rank test for related samples, which made it possible to know the efficiency of the special exercises that were applied. The quality of the methodology was corroborated by the results obtained in the application of expert criteria in the "Delphi" variant and of the pre-experiment, confirmed by different statistical techniques that highlight the functionality, sustainability, relevance and feasibility of the proposal.

RESUMEN La preparación física, como parte del entrenamiento de los cadetes, busca poner en óptimo estado al practicante, perfecciona sus aptitudes naturales y desarrolla al máximo sus capacidades físicas por medio de ejercicios sistemáticos. En ese sentido, la velocidad de reacción durante la defensa personal constituye un importante aspecto a tratar; sin embargo, la observación y análisis de la realidad educativa en el Instituto de Enseñanza Superior del Ministerio del Interior, en Santiago de Cuba, reveló insuficiencias que limitan el logro de altos niveles en la velocidad de reacción. El objetivo del estudio consistió en elaborar una metodología para el desarrollo de la velocidad de reacción durante la defensa personal, en los cadetes de la carrera Ciencias de la Seguridad del Estado del Ministerio del Interior. En esa línea de pensamiento, se realizó una investigación con enfoque mixto y diseño cuasi experimental que empleó como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación científica y la entrevista no estructurada; se utilizó la estadística inferencial por medio de la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas, lo que permitió conocer la eficiencia de los ejercicios especiales que se aplicaron. La calidad de la metodología quedó corroborada por los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación del criterio de expertos en la variante "Delphi" y del prexperimento, confirmados por diferentes técnicas estadísticas que resaltan la funcionalidad, sostenibilidad, pertinencia y factibilidad de la propuesta.

RESUMO A preparação física, como parte do treinamento dos cadetes, busca colocar o praticante em ótimas condições, aperfeiçoar suas aptidões naturais e desenvolver ao máximo suas capacidades físicas por meio de exercícios sistemáticos. Nesse sentido, a velocidade de reação durante a defesa pessoal é um aspecto importante a ser abordado; no entanto, a observação e a análise da realidade educacional no Instituto de Ensino Superior do Ministério do Interior, em Santiago de Cuba, revelaram insuficiências que limitam a obtenção de altos níveis de velocidade de reação. O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento da velocidade de reação durante a autodefesa, em cadetes do curso de Ciências de Segurança do Estado do Ministério do Interior. Nessa linha de pensamento, foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem mista e desenho quase experimental, utilizando como métodos empíricos a revisão documental, a observação científica e a entrevista não estruturada; foi utilizada a estatística inferencial por meio do teste de postos de Wilcoxon para amostras relacionadas, o que permitiu conhecer a eficiência dos exercícios especiais aplicados. A qualidade da metodologia foi corroborada pelos resultados obtidos na aplicação de critérios de especialistas na variante "Delphi" e no pré-experimento, confirmados por diferentes técnicas estatísticas que destacam a funcionalidade, a sustentabilidade, a relevância e a viabilidade da proposta.

Resumen: Durante el invierno de 2023, Chile enfrentó una compleja situación relacionada con al virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS). Después de experimentar una disminución en la circulación del VRS durante los años de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, se observó un brote tardío en la primavera de 2022 y un inicio anticipado del brote en 2023, con un aumento significativo en el número de casos graves. La poca efectividad en la planificación estratégica y comunicación de riesgo contribuyeron a la complejidad de la situación. Para evitar lo anterior el próximo invierno, se sugieren medidas como vigilancia activa, unificación de definiciones para infecciones respiratorias agudas, identificación de variantes del VRS, educación pública sobre contagios y preparación anticipada respecto a camas hospitalarias y personal de salud. Se destaca la importancia de la inmunización y colaboración intersectorial para adquirir nuevas alternativas preventivas como también la necesidad de una comunicación temprana sobre la importancia de la inmunización e identificación de grupos de alto riesgo, mejora en capacitaciones del personal médico y planificación estratégica del Ministerio de Salud buscando un enfoque proactivo y colaborativo para abordar la compleja situación del VRS en futuros inviernos. El Comité Asesor en Vacunas y Estrategias de Inmunización de Chile ya realizó un análisis y recomendación sobre una nueva alternativa de prevención. Este grupo de trabajo apoyará cualquier decisión del Ministerio de Salud en políticas públicas que intenten un cambio en el paradigma del control de esta enfermedad por la salud de los niños/as de nuestro país.

Abstract: During the winter of 2023, Chile faced a complex situation related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After experiencing a decline in RSV circulation during the years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a late outbreak was observed in the spring of 2022 and an early onset of the outbreak in 2023, with a significant increase in the number of serious cases. The ineffectiveness of strategic planning and risk communication contributed to the complexity of the situation. To avoid the above next winter, measures such as active surveillance, unification of definitions for acute respiratory infections, identification of RSV variants, public education about infections and advance preparation regarding hospital beds and health personnel are suggested. The importance of immunization and intersectoral collaboration to acquire new preventive alternatives is highlighted, as well as the need for early communication about the importance of immunization and identification of high-risk groups, improvement in training of medical personnel and strategic planning of the Ministry of Health. seeking a proactive and collaborative approach to address the complex RSV situation in future winters. The Chilean Immunization Advisory Committee has already carried out an analysis and recommendation on a new prevention alternative. This working group will support any decision of the Ministry of Health in public policies that attempt a change in the paradigm of control of this disease for the health of the children of our country.

Abstract Objectives: To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: 1) Diagnosis – audiologic and radiologic; 2) Treatment – hearing AIDS, pharmacological therapy, stapes surgery, and implantable devices - bone-anchored devices, active middle ear implants, and Cochlear Implants (CI). Conclusions: The pathophysiology of otosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but environmental factors and unidentified genes are likely to play a significant role in it. Women with otosclerosis are not at increased risk of worsening clinical condition due to the use of contraceptives or during pregnancy. Drug treatment has shown little benefit. If the patient does not want to undergo stapedotomy, the use of hearing aids is well indicated. Implantable systems should be indicated only in rare cases, and the CI should be indicated in cases of profound deafness.

Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una primera aproximación al análisis del efecto moderador del contexto social, cultural y geográfico en indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable en personas mayores de 46 años residentes en territorios con características diferenciadas en Costa Rica. Se trabajó con una muestra de 305 personas residentes en tres áreas geográficas: una urbana, una semiurbana y una tercera principalmente rural. La diferenciación de las tres zonas se basó en criterios de densidad poblacional, infraestructura y acceso a bienes y servicios. Los indicadores subjetivos del envejecimiento saludable analizados fueron: participación social, apoyo social, salud percibida, espiritualidad, autoeficacia, comportamientos de autocuidado, bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida y bienestar psicológico) y estado de ánimo; todas las variables fueron condicionadas por zona de residencia, edad y sexo. Para analizar los indicadores subjetivos se estimó un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) o un análisis multivariado de covarianza (MANCOVA), dependiendo del número de variables dependientes analizadas. En general, se identificaron indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable altos en las personas participantes del estudio, quienes reportaron altos niveles de participación social, satisfacción con la vida y estados de salud y ánimo positivos. Se encontraron diferencias por edad entre los grupos. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los indicadores subjetivos analizados según la zona de residencia o el sexo. En síntesis, este estudio encontró que los indicadores subjetivos de envejecimiento saludable analizados eran muy similares en residentes de tres zonas geográficas con características distintas. Estos hallazgos iniciales se discuten desde una perspectiva cultural y geográfica y en relación con los modelos de envejecimiento saludable.

Abstract This review exposes the results of a first approximation to the analysis of the moderator effect of the geographical, social, and cultural context on subjective indicators of healthy aging in the Costa Rican context. Costa Rica is a middle-income democratic country that is in an advanced demographic changing process; this phenomenon makes it one of the aged countries in the Latin American region. Therefore, studying healthy aging becomes relevant in the context of population demographic change in the present and future aging societies. The study compared several subjective indicators of healthy aging among people older than 46 who resided in three different geographical areas in the country. Participants were 305 healthy people from three locations: one urban (Heredia Central City), one semi-urban (Santa Ana Central City), and one mainly rural (Nicoya). Participants completed standardized assessment scales to evaluate social participation, social support, perceived health, spirituality, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and psychological well-being). All variables were conditioned by geographical zone (urban, semi-urban, and mainly rural), age, and gender. Either Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) or Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were estimated depending on the number of dependent variables analyzed to test the effect of the zone of residence, gender, and age, over the subjective indicator of healthy aging studied. In general, participants evidenced high scores on subjective indicators such as self-care, social support, spirituality, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being, which have been associated with health and well-being during the aging process. Participants reported high levels of social participation and perceived that they received adequate support for their daily life needs. Likewise, participants evidenced a general state of well-being, a positive state of health, high levels of self-efficacy, and positive moods. Differences were found among the groups by comparing age. However, no significant differences were found in the variables studied related to geographical areas of residence and sex, suggesting invariant comparison evidence by zone of residence and sex. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the subjective indicators of healthy aging studied are key to promoting healthy aging at the national level. It is considered necessary to improve opportunities for social participation aimed at older adults, to strengthen community and family social networks, to promote socio-economic support such as financial and instrumental support for activities of daily living, and finally emotional support such as listening, empathy and advice. Although the differences among geographical areas of residence of the people studied were not statistically significant in this study, the evidence suggested a trend of high well-being indicators mainly in the rural areas studied, and particularly more in males than in females. As this study only reached preliminary data, further research must obtain conclusive evidence, as previous research had suggested older people living in rural areas with high longevity indicators in Costa Rica might enjoy unusual environmental characteristics and personal protective factors that could be absent in most of the urban areas in the country. On the other hand, it will be necessary to include the historical and socio-cultural determinants focusing on context-specific review analyses in the mainstream research on healthy aging, even more in aged countries like Costa Rica. The findings are discussed within the inter-cultural emphasis and healthy aging models in order to contribute to a better understanding of how the context (physical-constructed and social/cultural) influences the differences, although subtle, in the study´s variables and participants, and how the process of aging might be different according to the multiple contextual conditions in which people live and adapt their capacities and abilities for coping with daily life demands.

RESUMEN En los años 70, desarrollaron el término calidad de vida laboral, sin embargo, no se pudo reducir el riesgo de exposición a situaciones peligrosas en el trabajo, por lo que fue necesario perfeccionar el entorno laboral. El empleo es fundamental para la vida y la sociedad, porque la mayoría de nuestro tiempo es absorbido por las acciones laborales; la calidad de vida laboral es fundamental para la satisfacción y sobre todo para el desempeño en el trabajo. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre calidad de vida laboral y desempeño del personal de salud en tiempos de pandemia en el Hospital Materno Infantil “Carlos Showing Ferrari, Amarilis - Huánuco, 2021. Materiales y método. Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo prospectivo, observacional, transversal y de nivel relacional. Con una población de 161 y una muestra de 114 elementos. La técnica fue la encuesta y los instrumentos fueron: cuestionario de calidad laboral GOHISALO modificado y un cuestionario de desempeño. Resultados. El 54.4% tienen regular calidad de vida laboral, el 38.6 % alta calidad de vida laboral y el 7% baja calidad de vida laboral. Respecto al desempeño, el 53.5% presentó regular desempeño, el 40.4% buen desempeño y el 6.1% deficiente desempeño. En cuanto a la relación entre calidad de vida laboral y desempeño, el 27.2% reportaron alta calidad de vida laboral y buen desempeño; 3.5% tuvieron deficiente calidad de vida y deficiente desempeño. Conclusiones. Existe relación entre calidad de vida laboral y desempeño (X2: 55,750, p =0.000), con un nivel asociación moderado (V de Cramer=0.494).

RESUMO Na década de 1970, o termo qualidade de vida no trabalho foi desenvolvido; no entanto, não era possível reduzir o risco de exposição a situações perigosas no trabalho, portanto, era necessário melhorar o ambiente de trabalho. O emprego é fundamental para a vida e a sociedade, pois a maior parte de nosso tempo é absorvida por ações de trabalho; a qualidade de vida no trabalho é fundamental para a satisfação no trabalho e, acima de tudo, para o desempenho no trabalho. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre a qualidade de vida no trabalho e o desempenho do pessoal de saúde em tempos de pandemia no Hospital Materno-Infantil "Carlos Showing Ferrari, Amarilis - Huánuco, 2021. Materiais e método. Estudo quantitativo, prospectivo, observacional, transversal e relacional. Com uma população de 161 e uma amostra de 114 elementos. A técnica foi a pesquisa e os instrumentos foram: questionário de qualidade de trabalho GOHISALO modificado e um questionário de desempenho. Resultados. 54,4% têm uma qualidade de vida no trabalho razoável, 38,6% têm uma qualidade de vida no trabalho elevada e 7% têm uma qualidade de vida no trabalho baixa. Com relação ao desempenho, 53,5% apresentaram desempenho razoável, 40,4% bom desempenho e 6,1% desempenho ruim. Quanto à relação entre qualidade de vida no trabalho e desempenho, 27,2% relataram alta qualidade de vida no trabalho e bom desempenho; 3,5% apresentaram qualidade de vida ruim e desempenho ruim. Conclusões. Existe uma relação entre a qualidade de vida no trabalho e o desempenho (X2: 55,750, p = 0,000), com um nível moderado de associação (V de Cramer = 0,494).

ABSTRACT In the 1970s, they developed the term quality of work life, however, it was not possible to reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous situations at work, so it was necessary to improve the work environment. Employment is fundamental to life and society, because most of our time is absorbed by work actions; quality of work life is fundamental to satisfaction and specially to job performance. Objective. To determine the relationship between quality of work life and performance of health personnel in times of pandemic in the Maternal and Child Hospital "Carlos Showing Ferrari, Amarilis - Huánuco, 2021. Materials and Method. A quantitative, prospective, observational, cross-sectional and relational study. With a population of 161 and a sample of 114 elements. The technique was the survey and the instruments were: modified GOHISALO work quality questionnaire and a performance questionnaire. Results. 54.4% have a regular quality of work life, 38.6% have a high quality of work life and 7% have a low quality of work life. Regarding performance, 53.5% presented fair performance, 40.4% good performance and 6.1% poor performance. Regarding the relationship between quality of work life and performance, 27.2% reported high quality of work life and good performance; 3.5% had poor quality of life and poor performance. Conclusions. There is a relationship between quality of work life and performance (X2: 55.750, p =0.000), with a moderate level of association (Cramer's V=0.494).

RESUMO O artigo focaliza os trabalhos de Raul Mourão voltados para a observação das cidades e para a captura da visualidade das ruas. Trata-se de um eixo da produção do artista que ele considera dedicado à documentação do real. A análise de sua obra é feita a partir de uma entrevista com o artista e diálogos com outros pesquisadores interessados na sua produção artística sobre este tema. ruas Tratase Trata se real tema

RESUMEN El artículo se centra en las obras de Raul Mourão direccionadas a la observación de las ciudades y en la captura de la visualidad de las calles. Este es un eje de la producción del artista que considera dedicado a la documentación de lo real. El análisis de su obra es realizado a partir de una entrevista con el artista y diálogos con otros investigadores interesados en su producción artística sobre este tema. calles real tema

ABSTRACT The article focuses on Raul Mourão’s artworks produced by observing cities and capturing the visuality of the streets. It is an axis of the artist’s production that he considers dedicated to the documentation of reality. The analysis of his work is based on an interview with the artist and dialogues with other researchers interested in his artistic production on this topic. Mourãos Mourão s streets artists reality topic

Resumen Documentamos la presencia de Hypopachus ustus en Sinaloa después de 41 años sin registros de la especie en este estado con base en la observación de un individuo al sur de Sinaloa.

Abstract We document the presence of Hypopachus ustus in Sinaloa after 41 years without records of the species in that state based on observation of an individual from southern Sinaloa.

RESUMEN El artículo se centra en las obras de Raul Mourão direccionadas a la observación de las ciudades y en la captura de la visualidad de las calles. Este es un eje de la producción del artista que considera dedicado a la documentación de lo real. El análisis de su obra es realizado a partir de una entrevista con el artista y diálogos con otros investigadores interesados en su producción artística sobre este tema.

RESUMO O artigo focaliza os trabalhos de Raul Mourão voltados para a observação das cidades e para a captura da visualidade das ruas. Trata-se de um eixo da produção do artista que ele considera dedicado à documentação do real. A análise de sua obra é feita a partir de uma entrevista com o artista e diálogos com outros pesquisadores interessados na sua produção artística sobre este tema.

ABSTRACT The article focuses on Raul Mourão’s artworks produced by observing cities and capturing the visuality of the streets. It is an axis of the artist’s production that he considers dedicated to the documentation of reality. The analysis of his work is based on an interview with the artist and dialogues with other researchers interested in his artistic production on this topic.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los resultados maternos y perinatales de pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis atendidos en un centro de referencia obstétrica de Medellín. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana en fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 31 de julio de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 54 gestantes con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis. En el 63% era su primer embarazo y el 27,8% eran adolescentes. La duración promedio de la gestación fue de 35 semanas y 6 días. La cesárea fue la vía más común (98,1%) y la indicación más frecuente fue sufrimiento de asa 66,7%. El 55,6% de los neonatos requirieron más de una intervención quirúrgica para el cierre de la pared abdominal. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron anemia (66,7%) e íleo posoperatorio (72,2%). La mortalidad fue del 13%. Conclusiones: Se evidencian algunas características similares a las reportadas en otras series. La mayor presentación fue en primer embarazo, la causa de finalización de la gestación fue sufrimiento de asas (demostrando la importancia del seguimiento ecográfico), y las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron anemia e íleo posoperatorio presentados por la prematuridad. La mortalidad comparada con la de otras instituciones locales fue menor.

Abstract Objective: To describe the outcomes of maternal and perinatal in patients diagnosed with prenatal gastroschisis that received medical care at an obstetric reference center in Medellin. Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study in fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis performed in the Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana between January 1st 2010 and July 31st 2021. Results: Were included 54 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis. The 63% were their first pregnancy and 27,8% were adolescents. The average duration of gestation was 35 weeks and 6 days. Cesarean section was the most common way of delivery (98,1%) and the most frequent indication was suffering from loop (66,7%). The 55,6% of neonates required more than one surgical intervention for closure of the abdominal wall. The most frequent complications were anemia (66,7%) and postoperative ileus (72,2%). A mortality of 13% was presented. Conclusions: Some characteristics like reported in other series are evident. The greatest presentation was in the first pregnancy, the cause of termination of pregnancy was suffering from loops (demonstrating the importance of ultrasound monitoring) and the most frequent complications were anemia and postoperative ileus presented by prematurity. Mortality, compared to other local institutions, was lower.

Abstract The management of organic fertilization in passion fruit has been carried out empirically based on the responses of the crops and the experience of farmers. Knowledge of the physiological responses of plants to organic fertilizers is essential to optimize fertilization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of genes coding for nitrate transporters as well as plasma membrane H+-ATPase in passion fruit seedlings treated with different organic fertilizers in the presence or not of humic acids. The equivalent of one gram of total nitrogen dissolved in water from cattle manure, castor oil cake and urea were added and the seedlings were treated or not with a suspension of humic acids (2 mmol/L). Differential expression of low and high affinity nitrate transporters (PeNRT2.2 and PeNRT1.1 PeNRT2.2e) and H+-ATPase (PeMha) was performed by qRT-PCR. The use of cattle manure increased the differential expression of the high affinity transporter regarding to the control. The application of humic acids amplified the increase observed in the differential transcription of the high-affinity transporter with manure and urea fertilization, with no effect observed with the use of castor oil cake. Humic acids induced transcription of the gene encoding H+-ATPases in all treatments compared to control. The application of biofertilizer based on humic acids in low concentrations directly on the plant can be used with the objective of optimizing the organic fertilization of passion fruit with cattle manure and urea.

Resumo O manejo da adubação orgânica no maracujazeiro tem sido realizado de forma empírica, baseado nas respostas das lavouras e na experiência do produtor. O conhecimento das respostas fisiológicas da planta à adubação orgânica é fundamental para otimizar os programas de fertilização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão diferencial dos transportadores de nitrato bem como da H+-ATPase de membrana plasmática, em mudas de maracujazeiro adubadas com diferentes fertilizantes orgânicos, na presença ou não de ácidos húmicos. Foram adicionados o equivalente a um grama de nitrogênio total dissolvido em água proveniente de esterco de curral, torta de mamona e ureia, e as mudas foram tratadas ou não com uma suspensão de ácidos húmicos (2 mmol/L). A expressão diferencial dos transportadores de nitrato, de baixa e de alta afinidade PeNRT2.2) e da H+-ATPase, foi realizada por qRT-PCR. O uso de esterco de curral aumentou a expressão diferencial do transportador de alta afinidade em relação ao controle. A aplicação de ácidos húmicos ampliou o aumento observado na transcrição diferencial do transportador de alta afinidade com a adubação com esterco e também com ureia, não sendo observado qualquer efeito com o uso da torta de mamona. Os ácidos húmicos induziram a transcrição do gene que codifica a H+-ATPases em todos os tratamentos, em relação ao controle. A aplicação de ácidos húmicos em baixas concentrações, diretamente sobre a planta, pode ser utilizada com o objetivo de otimizar a adubação orgânica do maracujazeiro quando realizada com esterco de curral e também com ureia.

BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can infect common mice inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. This substantially mimics coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection and pathogenesis in humans. OBJECTIVES To characterise the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells’ immune activation compared with classical PAMPs in vitro. METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the RBD peptide (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 µg/mL), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) and evaluated after two and 24 h for significant markers of macrophage activation. We determined the effects of RBD peptide on cell viability, cleaved caspase 3 expressions, and nuclear morphometry analysis. FINDINGS In RAW cells, RBD peptide was cytotoxic, but not for BV2 cells. RAW cells presented increased arginase activity and IL-10 production; however, BV2 cells expressed iNOS and IL-6 after RBD peptide exposure. In addition, RAW cells increased cleaved-caspase-3, apoptosis, and mitotic catastrophe after RBD peptide stimulation but not BV2 cells. CONCLUSION RBD peptide exposure has different effects depending on the cell line, exposure time, and concentration. This study brings new evidence about the immunogenic profile of RBD in macrophage and microglial cells, advancing the understanding of SARS-Cov2 immuno- and neuropathology.

ABSTRACT Allergic rhinitis has been increasing in Latin American countries, leading to a growing population of patients who need medical treatment for this respiratory condition. Its similarity to COVID-19 in terms of symptoms and the possibility of concurrence with it, make allergic rhinitis of particular interest to health systems. The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have been particularly vulnerable due to multiple challenges, including high poverty rates, limited access to medical care and limitations in the provision of basic health services, as well as the absence of guidelines of treatment for allergic rhinitis in a pandemic situation. With the aim of to provide essential management for multidisciplinary teams in Latin America and the Caribbean regarding the evaluation and treatment of allergic rhinitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, published scientific literature on the treatment of allergic rhinitis and COVID-19 was reviewed, and the opinion of leading professionals from scientific societies in the region was considered. The different measures to avoid infections and the different treatment strategies were analyzed, with an emphasis on intranasal therapy and treatment with allergy vaccines. A position statement was formulated with the intention of maintaining continuity of medical service in the context of a pandemic and minimizing the spread, infection and complication associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients undergoing or starting treatment for allergic rhinitis.

RESUMEN La rinitis alérgica ha ido en aumento en los países latinoamericanos, dando lugar a una creciente población de pacientes que necesitan tratamiento médico para esta afección respiratoria. Su similitud con la COVID-19 en cuanto a síntomas y la posibilidad de concurrencia con esta, hacen que la rinitis alérgica sea de particular interés para los sistemas de salud. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe han sido particularmente vulnerables por múltiples desafíos, entre estos, las altas tasas de pobreza, el acceso limitado a la atención médica y las limitaciones en la prestación de servicios básicos de salud, así como la ausencia de guías de tratamiento para la rinitis alérgica en situación de pandemia. Con el objetivo de proporcionar orientación esencial para los equipos multidisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe con respecto a la evaluación y el tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica durante la pandemia de COVID-19, se revisó literatura científica publicada sobre tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica y COVID-19, y se consideró la opinión de profesionales líderes de sociedades científicas de la región. Se analizaron las diferentes medidas para evitar contagios, y las diferentes estrategias de tratamiento con énfasis en la terapia intranasal y el tratamiento con vacunas contra la alergia. Se formuló una declaración de posicionamiento con la intención de mantener la continuidad del servicio médico en el contexto de una pandemia y minimizar la propagación, infección y complicación asociada con el coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo en pacientes con seguimiento o comenzando tratamiento para la rinitis alérgica.

Abstract The main objective of the research is to design a proposal to strengthen the citizen environmental culture to promote sustainable development in the Chongón parish, Guayaquil canton, since the problems that its citizens have been recognized. The established methodology was the basic quantitative approach; the sample corresponded to 248 inhabitants of the sector, using the survey technique validated by experts. Among the results obtained in the investigation, the sustainable development variable showed results categorized as 59.6% at the medium level and 26.8% at the low level. When reviewing the results of its indicators and characteristics in detail, the environmental, economic dimension, and the sustainable economy indicator turned out to be the most neglected. After socialization about the ecological impact, it is expected to promote sustainable development and recover Environmentalism in the parish, among other aspects, since the environmental situation requires comprehensive analysis.

Resumen La investigación tiene como objetivo principal diseñar una propuesta de fortalecimiento de la cultura ambiental ciudadana para fomentar el desarrollo sostenible en la parroquia Chongón cantón Guayaquil; ya que se reconoce la problemática que tienen sus ciudadanos. La metodología que se estableció fue el enfoque cuantitativo básico; la muestra correspondió a 248 habitantes del sector, utilizando la técnica de encuesta validada por expertos. Entre los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, la variable desarrollo sostenible mostró resultados categorizados como 59,6% en el nivel medio y 26,8% en el nivel bajo, y al revisar en detalle los resultados de sus indicadores y características, la dimensión económica ambiental y el indicador economía sostenible resultaron ser los más desatendidos. Tras una socialización sobre el impacto ambiental se espera fomentar el desarrollo sostenible y recuperar el Ambientalismo en la parroquia entre otros aspectos; ya que la situación ambiental requiere un análisis integral.

Abstract Darier disease is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited disease, caused by a mutation in the ATP2A2 gene. The clinical findings are hyperkeratotic papules on the trunk, scalp, face, and neck, maceration of intertriginous areas, palmar pits, whitish papules on the oral mucosa and nail abnormalities. The main histopathologic findings are acantholysis and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. Dermatoscopic features are comedo-like openings with a central polygonal yellowish/brownish structure, surrounded by a whitish halo. First-line treatment includes acitretin. Five reports have been published describing Darier disease dermatoscopic findings. Herein, we report for the first time a patient under acitretin treatment and dermatoscopic follow-up.

Resumen Introducción: El eritema exudativo multiforme es una reacción de hipersensibilidad retardada poco frecuente asociada con medicamentos. Las manifestaciones provocadas por hidroxicloroquina son excepcionales; sin embargo, debido al incremento de su prescripción, por la reciente pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, las reacciones adversas se han exacerbado. Reporte del caso: Paciente femenina de 60 años, que acudió al servicio de Urgencias por un cuadro de exantema eritematoso de una semana de evolución, con afectación hacia el tronco, la cara y las palmas de las manos. Los estudios de laboratorio informaron: leucocitosis con neutrofilia y linfopenia, sin eosinofilia ni alteración de las enzimas hepáticas. Las lesiones continuaron descendiendo hacia las extremidades, con posterior descamación. Se le indicó prednisona 15 mg/24 h durante tres días, con disminución a 10 mg/24 h, hasta su nueva valoración, además de antihistamínicos. Dos días posteriores aparecieron nuevas lesiones maculares en la zona preesternal y en la mucosa oral. Los estudios de laboratorio de control no mostraron alteraciones. La biopsia cutánea informó: dermatitis de interfase vacuolar con espongiosis y paraqueratosis, compatible con eritema multiforme. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas epicutáneas con meloxicam e hidroxicloroquina al 30% en agua y vaselina, ocluidos dos días e interpretados a las 48 y 96 horas, con resultado positivo para esta última. Se estableció el diagnóstico de eritema exudativo multiforme por hidroxicloroquina. Conclusión: Este estudio confirma la eficacia de las pruebas epicutáneas en pacientes con reacciones de hipersensibilidad retardada a hidroxicloroquina.

Abstract Introduction: Multiform exudative erythema is a rare delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with medications. The manifestations caused by hydroxychloroquine are exceptional; however, due to the increase in its prescription due to the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, adverse reactions have been exacerbated. Case report: A 60-year-old female patient, who attended the Emergency Department for a picture of erythematous rash of one week of evolution, with involvement of the trunk, face and palms of the hands. Laboratory studies reported: leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia, without eosinophilia or abnormal liver enzymes. The lesions continued to descend towards her extremities, with subsequent desquamation. She was prescribed prednisone 15 mg/24 h for three days, tapering to 10 mg/24 h, until her new assessment, in addition to antihistamines. Two days later, new macular lesions appeared in the presternal area and on the oral mucosa. Control laboratory studies did not show alterations. Skin biopsy reported: vacuolar interface dermatitis with spongiosis and parakeratosis, compatible with erythema multiforme. Epicutaneous tests were carried out with meloxicam and 30% hydroxychloroquine in water and vaseline, occluded for two days and interpreted at 48 and 96 hours, with a positive result for the latter. The diagnosis of multiform exudative erythema due to hydroxychloroquine was established. Conclusion: This study confirms the efficacy of patch tests in patients with delayed hypersensitivity reactions to hydroxychloroquine.