Abstract This paper is regarding the statistical coexistence analysis between a cluster of International Mobile Telecommunication 2020 (IMT-2020) Base Stations and an Aircraft Earth Station (AES) operating during flight time in the L Band on a final approach. We assess the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of interference-over-noise ratio (INR) considering the fuselage attenuation contribution and compare it with the AES protection criteria. Our coexistence analysis approach considers the use of a high gain AES commercial antenna model, for an aircraft at two different altitudes, 187 m and 83 m, for 3600 m and 1600 m of horizontal distance from the runway threshold, respectively. Therefore, considering the IMT-2020 suburban scenario near the airport, simulation results presented an INR that met the protection criteria for 100% and 99.95% of the time for the distances of 3600 m and 1600 m from the runway, respectively, making the spectrum sharing feasible between systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature that fuselage attenuation considering part of the plane, in the L-band is presented in a statistical coexistence analysis.

Abstract This study estimated biomass and carbon from components, future carbon values and to obtain economic productive value of carbon fixation of a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. Biomass and carbon were estimated using adjusted equations and selected using regression statistics. The prognosis of the diametric distribution was performed using the movement ratio method. In the economic evaluation, it was estimated productive value of the stand, referring to the current and future carbon fixation capacity. The coefficients of determination (adjusted R²) of the equations ranged from 0.11 to 0.90 and the standard error of the estimate (Syx) ranged from 41.53% to 141.89% for the biomass of the components, and from 0.03 to 0.87 for adjusted R² and from 46.20% to 143.64% for the error, for stored carbon in the components. The total biomass of the tree component estimated was 56.25 t ha-1 and 25.88 t ha-1 of total carbon. Using the future distributions by the method of the ratio of movements, total stored carbon (aerial + roots) estimated was 14.44 t. ha-1 over the 20-year period. The productive value for the fragment reached R$ 299.95 per ha. year-1.

Abstract Light and water availability can impact plant survival and growth, making ecophysiological studies crucial for understanding their tolerance and to single and combined stresses. The aimed of this study was to investigate the physiological and growth responses of Inga vera Willd. plants induced by different water regimes and light intensities. Three water regimes were implemented based on substrate water retention capacity (WRC) - 50%, 75%, and 100%, along with shading levels (SH) - 0% (full sun), 30%, and 70%. Evaluations were conducted at 25 and 50 days after applying the water regimes, and during a recovery period of 30 days when all treatments were maintained at 75% of WRC. Photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, chlorophylls indices, growth, quality of the seedlings and content proline amino acid were assessed. Overall, I. vera plants showed greater sensitivity to increased exposure to light than to low water availability. The interaction of SH + WRC was beneficial for the gas exchange and chlorophylls indices characteristics under SH 70% + WRC 75-100% at 25 and 50 days, with higher results, greater plant growth and higher proline contents for leaves and roots under SH 30% and 70% + WRC 50%, 75% and 100% at 25 and 50 days. There was no recovery effect for seedlings grown in full sun. The plants grown under shade during the recovery period maintained their values for most of the characteristics evaluated. SH 30% + WRC 75% contributed to an increase in photosynthetic metabolism and, as a result, to the quality of the seedlings.

Resumo A disponibilidade de luz e água pode afetar a sobrevivência e o crescimento das plantas, tornando os estudos ecofisiológicos cruciais para a compreensão de sua tolerância a estresses individuais e combinados. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as respostas fisiológicas e de crescimento das plantas de Inga vera Willd. induzidas por diferentes regimes hídricos e de intensidades de luz. Foram implementados três regimes hídricos com base nos níveis de capacidade de retenção de água do substrato (CRA) - 50%, 75% e 100%, juntamente com níveis de sombreamento (SH) - 0% (pleno sol), 30% e 70%. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 25 e 50 dias após a aplicação dos regimes hídricos e durante um período de recuperação (REC) de 30 dias, quando todos os tratamentos foram mantidos em 75% da CRA. Foram avaliados a eficiência fotoquímica, as trocas gasosas, os índices de clorofila, o crescimento, a qualidade das mudas e o conteúdo do aminoácido prolina. De modo geral, as plantas de I. vera mostraram maior sensibilidade à exposição aumentada à luz do que à baixa disponibilidade de água. A interação de SH + WRC foi benéfica para as características de trocas gasosas e índices de clorofila sob SH 70% + WRC 75-100% aos 25 e 50 dias, com resultados mais altos, maior crescimento da planta e maiores teores de prolina para folhas e raízes sob SH 30% e 70% + WRC 50%, 75% e 100% aos 25 e 50 dias. Não houve efeito de recuperação para as mudas cultivadas a pleno sol. As plantas cultivadas sob sombra durante o período de recuperação mantiveram seus valores para a maioria das características avaliadas. O SH 30% + WRC 75% contribuiu para o aumento do metabolismo fotossintético, como resultado, melhor qualidade das mudas.

Abstract This publication is an update of the “Consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis - Brazilian Society of Dermatology” published in 2019, considering the novel, targeted-oriented systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis. The initial recommendations of the current consensus for systemic treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis were based on a recent review of scientific published data and a consensus was reached after voting. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology invited 31 experts from all regions of Brazil and 2 international experts on atopic dermatitis who fully contributed to the process. The methods included an e-Delphi study to avoid bias, a literature search and a final consensus meeting. The authors added novel approved drugs in Brazil and the indication for phototherapy and systemic therapy for AD. The therapeutical response to systemic treatment is hereby reported in a suitable form for clinical practice and is also part of this updated manuscript.

RESUMO Introdução São muitos os determinantes que comprometem a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) de médicos residentes. O conhecimento sobre a QV de residentes permite subsidiar ações para melhorar a QV pessoal e profissional desse público e, assim, garantir melhoria na qualidade do atendimento prestado aos pacientes. Objetivo Avaliar a QV dos residentes de ortopedia brasileiros e os fatores associados. Método Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, conduzido por meio de questionário autorrespondido, para avaliação da QV dos residentes de ortopedia do Brasil. Foram utilizados o questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-Abreviado e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados Participaram deste estudo 250 residentes de ortopedia brasileiros, do terceiro ano. As variáveis que influenciaram positivamente a QV foram: ser disciplinado para o estudo, estudar uma hora ou mais por dia, ter acesso a banco de dados médico-científico, ter domínio de língua estrangeira, ter boa qualidade de sono, avaliar bem sua residência e seu desempenho na residência e já ter escolhido sua subespecialidade na ortopedia. Observou-se ainda neste estudo que os residentes se distribuíram em três grupos com graus de QV distintos. Os indivíduos do grupo que apresentou maior pontuação em todos os domínios se caracterizaram por já ter escolhido a subespecialidade na ortopedia, apresentar excelente/boa qualidade de sono e se autoavaliar bem no desempenho na residência médica. Conclusão Os residentes de ortopedia percebem sua QV como boa a excelente, mas os residentes com qualidade ruim de sono, que não escolheram uma subespecialidade, que estudam menos de uma hora por dia, com baixo desempenho acadêmico e com baixa avaliação da residência têm pior percepção de sua QV. Esses pontos devem ser áreas-alvo para intervenções específicas, a fim de alcançar maior QV.

ABSTRACT Introduction There are many determinants that compromise the health and quality of life of resident physicians. Knowledge about the residents’ quality of life subsidize actions to improve personal and professional quality of life of these individuals and thus ensure improvement in the quality of care provided to patients. Objective To evaluate the quality of life of Brazilian orthopedic residents and the factors that influence it. Method This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted through a self-answered questionnaire to assess the quality of life of orthopedic residents in Brazil. The WHOQOL-abbreviated quality of life questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire were used. Results A total of 250 third-year orthopedic residents participated in this study. The variables that positively influenced the quality of life were: being well-organized for studying, studying 01 h or more per day, having access to the scientific database and speaking a foreign language, having a good quality of sleep, having a good evaluation of one’s residency and residency performance and having chosen one’s sub-specialty in orthopedic. It was also observed in this study that the residents were distributed in three groups with different quality of life degrees (with significant difference between them): Degree III > Degree II > Degree I. The individuals in the group of Degree three, who showed higher scores in all domains (71.7 to 81.1), mostly comprehends those who have already chosen the sub-specialty in orthopedic, have an excellent/good quality of sleep and evaluate their performance in the medical residency as good. Conclusion Orthopedic residents perceive their QoL as being good to excellent, but residents with poor sleep quality, those who have not chosen a subspecialty, who study less than an hour per day, have poor academic performance, and poor residency evaluation, have a worse perception of their QoL. These issues should be the targeted areas for specific interventions aiming to achieve a higher level of QoL.

Abstract This paper presents an electromagnetic characterization of aircraft composite materials, as well as numerical and experimental analyses of its effects on the antenna performance. Two uncalibrated S-parameters characterization methods have been applied for retrieving the complex electrical permittivity in the L- and C-band, namely: Air-region method and Sample-shifted method. Dielectric constants of 4.6 and 1.84 and loss tangent of 2.0×10−2 and 6.1×10−2 have been obtained for fiberglass and honeycomb composite materials, respectively. A 3.0-meters prototype of an Embraer light jet aircraft dorsal fin was fabricated and used in the experiments in a semi-anechoic chamber in order to evaluate the impact of installing aeronautical VHF and L-band antennas on a fuselage made of composite materials.

ABSTRACT: Accurate application of pesticides is difficult for crops with dense leaves, such as soybean crops. To improve spray deposits on the lower leaves of soybean plants, the aim of this study is to build a canopy opener (CO) from a previously developed prototype and to assess its practical application and efficiency on soybean crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the amount of spray deposits on the top and the lower leaves using a Brilliant Blue dye. The influence of the CO device on the number of flowers knocked down during spraying was also investigated. The data showed that the use of the CO attached to the spray boom enabled more spray deposit on the lower leaves and less spray depositson the upper leaves compared with conventional spraying. The CO device did not influence the falling of flowers or the damage to the soybean plants. The construction of the CO device proved to be a feasible alternative, which could be used primarily by small-scale soybean producers, with the goal of obtaining larger spray deposits on the lower leaves of soybean plants.

Para testar a técnica de aversão alimentar condicionada como método de controle para a intoxicação por I. carnea, foram realizados 3 experimentos administrando cloreto de lítio (LiCl) na dose de 175-200mg kg-1 após a ingestão da planta por caprinos. No primeiro, foram induzidos à aversão 10 caprinos que tinham o hábito de ingerir a planta e com sinais clínicos da intoxicação. Apesar da realização de diversos tratamentos aversivos, após os animais ingerirem a planta, a aversão não foi eficiente, demonstrando que a técnica não é eficiente em caprinos que já estão habituados a ingerir a planta. No segundo experimento, 14 caprinos foram adaptados a ingerir a planta na pastagem e, após ingerirem a planta a campo, foram induzidos à aversão com LiCl. Neste grupo, a aversão persistiu até o fim do Experimento, 2 anos e 8 meses após a aversão. Em outro experimento, 20 caprinos foram adaptados a consumir I. carnea e, em seguida, induzidos à aversão com LiCl. Esses animais foram transferidos para uma propriedade na Ilha de Marajó, onde foram realizadas 9 visitas com intervalos de 2-3 meses para verificar a duração da aversão. Após 2 anos de observações, nenhum animal voltou a ingerir a planta na pastagem e não foram observados casos de intoxicação, enquanto que, em 6 propriedades vizinhas, a doença foi observada com uma prevalência de até 60%. Esses resultados demonstram a eficiência da aversão alimentar condicionada para evitar a ingestão de I. carnea em caprinos recém adaptados a ingerir a planta, nas regiões invadidas por esta planta e nas condições naturais da Ilha de Marajó.

Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant often ingested by livestock in Brazil. Three experiments were conducted to determine if conditioned food aversion was effective in reducing goats' consumption of I. carnea. In the first experiment, 10 mildly intoxicated goats that had been eating I. carnea were averted using LiCl (175 to 200mg kg-1 body weight). These intoxicated goats did not develop an aversion to I. carnea, demonstrating that the technique is not effective in goats that are already accustomed to consuming the plant. In the second experiment, 14 naïve goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and averted after they ingested the plant. In this group the aversion persisted until the end of the experiment, 2 years and 8 months after the initial aversion. In another experiment, 20 goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and after consuming the plant were averted with LiCl. The averted goats were transferred to Marajo Island and periodically observed over a 2 year period at 2-3 month intervals to determine if they were still averted. The averted goats did not ingest the plant while grazing in the pasture, whereas in 6 neighboring goat farms the prevalence of intoxication from I. carnea poisoning was estimated to be about 40%. These results demonstrated the efficacy of conditioned food aversion to avoid ingestion of I. carnea in formerly naïve goats that had only recently begun to ingest the plant.

As doenças foliares, principalmente, helmintosporiose (Bipolaris spp.), antracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) e ferrugem (Puccinia spp.), podem ocasionar redução do rendimento da cultura do milho. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência e severidade de helmintosporiose, antracnose e ferrugem, bem como a produtividade de genótipos de milho, em resposta a doses crescentes de nitrogênio. Avaliou-se a severidade das doenças, utilizando-se escala de notas, em nove genótipos de milho (AG9040, AG7088, 30F35, 3F624, 1F583, 1F632, 1F557, 1F640 e ID219), submetidos a quatro doses de nitrogênio (67; 112; 157; e 202 kg ha-1), em duas safras (2009/2010 e 2010/2011). Para determinar a produtividade, utilizou-se a massa dos grãos coletados. Os graus de severidade da helmintosporiose, da antracnose e da ferrugem variaram em resposta às doses de nitrogênio e, entre os genótipos de milho avaliados durante as duas safras, entretanto, não houve relação clara entre as doses de nitrogênio aplicadas e a ocorrência das doenças nas duas safras. A ferrugem foi detectada apenas durante a safra I. Apesar da severidade das doenças foliares, elas, de modo geral, não afetaram significativamente a produtividade dos genótipos de milho avaliados. Desses, o genótipo de milho AG7088 pode ser considerado o mais produtivo e o mais resistente às doenças avaliadas.

Leaf diseases, mainly, helmintosporiosis (Bipolaris spp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) and rust (Puccinia spp.), may cause reduction in maize yield. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and severity of helmintosporiosis, anthracnose and rust, as well as productivity of different genotypes of maize in response to increasing doses of nitrogen. Disease severity was evaluated using a score scale in nine maize genotypes (AG9040, AG7088, 30F35, 3F624, 1F583, 1F632, 1F557, 1F640 and ID219) subjected to four different nitrogen levels (67; 112; 157; and 202 kg ha-1) in two cropping years (2009/2010 and 2010/2011). To determine the productivity, it was used the weight of collected grains. It was observe that the severity of helmintosporiosis, anthracnose and rust varied in response to nitrogen levels and between the genotypes evaluated during two cropping years, although there was no clear relationship between the nitrogen levels applied and disease incidence in two cropping years. Rust was detect only during the cropping year I. Although the severity of foliar diseases, in general, these did not significantly affect the productivity of the maize genotypes evaluated. Of the evaluated genotypes, genotype AG7088 can be consider the most productive and the most resistant to the diseases evaluated.

Produtores de leite de Lavras, Passos e Divinópolis, MG, foram entrevistados com objetivo de avaliar sua percepção e atitude no controle do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. A análise da correlação multivariada entre as variáveis foi feita através de componentes principais (ACP). A percepção e atitude sobre o R. (B.) microplus foram semelhantes entre os produtores, sendo que a maioria deles não tem o conhecimento básico sobre a biologia e o controle desse carrapato, aplicando os produtos carrapaticidas por meio de bomba costal, e sem critérios técnicos definidos. Alguns resultados obtidos foram: I. correlação negativa entre escolaridade e frequência de aplicação de carrapaticidas bovinos; II. correlação positiva entre produção de leite, qualidade do equipamento para aplicação carrapaticida e nível tecnológico da fazenda; III. propriedades com maior produção e tecnificação tenderam a manter o intervalo de aplicação carrapaticida constante ao longo do ano. Após aplicação da ACP foi observada correlação positiva entre escolaridade, nível tecnológico da fazenda e percepção sobre o R. (B.) microplus, porém, sem correlação com a atitude no controle deste carrapato. Concluiu-se que o nível tecnológico e a escolaridade melhoram a percepção dos produtores sobre a biologia do carrapato R. (B.) microplus, mas não alcança efetivos na utilização do controle de forma mais racional.

Milk producers in Lavras, Passos and Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, were interviewed with the aim of evaluating their perceptions and attitudes regarding control over Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Multivariate correlation between the variables was done by means of principal component analysis. The producers' perceptions and attitudes regarding R. (B.) microplus were similar: most of them did not have any basic knowledge of tick biology or control, and they applied acaricide products through backpack spraying, without any defined technical criteria. Some of the results obtained were: I. a negative correlation between schooling level and the frequency of spraying cattle with acaricides; II. a positive correlation between milk production, quality of equipment for acaricide application and technological level of the farm; III. farm properties with greater production and technification tended to keep the intervals between acaricide applications constant over the course of the year. After applying principal component analysis, a positive correlation was observed between schooling level, technological level of the farm and perceptions regarding R. (B.) microplus, but without any correlation with attitudes towards controlling this tick. It was concluded that higher technological level and schooling level improved the producers' perceptions relating to the biology of the tick R. (B.) microplus, but did not achieve effectiveness with regard to using controls more rationally.

Introduction: While enteral diets for hospitalized patients normally follow nutrient composition guidelines, more than 90% of hospitalized patients receive oral diets with unknown mineral composition. Objective: To evaluate the mineral contents and adequacy of three types of oral diets (regular, blend and soft) and complementary snacks offered to patients of a Brazilian hospital. Methods: The amount of minerals was determined in two non-consecutive days in duplicate samples of breakfast, collation, lunch, snack, dinner, supper and a complementary snack meal. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were used to determine the adequacy of the daily amounts served to patients. Results and discussion: The regular diet met the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) requirements only for Mn, P and Se, while the blend diet was deficient in Ca, K and Mg, and the soft diet met RDA requirements only for P and Zn. Iron was below the RDA requirement in all diets for women in fertile age, and Na was above the safe limit of intake (UL) in all the diets. The use of complementary snack was effective in meeting RDA requirements for Cu in the regular diet, and Mn and Se in the soft diet, but promoted overconsumption of Na. Conclusions: Evident nutritional imbalances have been detected at a key interphase between nutrition and public health services, but a solution does not appear to be insurmountable. A permanent nutritional evaluation of hospital oral diets should be an integral part of routine health care in order to speed the recovery of the hospitalized patient and dispel eventual risks due to critical mineral imbalances.

Introducción: Mientras las dietas enterales para pacientes hospitalizados siguen normas de composición nutricional, más del 90% de los pacientes internados en Latinoamérica reciben dietas orales de composición mineral desconocida. Objetivo: Evaluar el contenido mineral y la adecuación de tres tipos de dietas orales (regular, blanda y fluida) y meriendas complementarias ofrecidas a los pacientes de un hospital brasilero. Métodos: La cantidad de minerales fue determinada en dos días no consecutivos, en duplo muestreo de desayuno, onces, almuerzo, merienda, cena y una merienda complementaria. Se usaron los Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) para determinar los grados de adecuación de cada porción diaria servida. Resultados y discusión: La dieta regular cumplió con la RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) solamente para Mn, P and Se. En cambio, la dieta blanda fue deficiente en Ca, K and Mg, y la dieta fluida cumplió con la RDA apenas para P and Zn. Sin embargo, el hierro permaneció abajo de la RDA en todas las dietas para mujeres en edad fértil, contrastando con el and Na, que se encontraba arriba del límite de seguridad (UL) en todas dietas. El apelo a meriendas complementarias fue un recurso que permitió alcanzar las exigencias de las RDA para Cu en la dieta regular, y Mn y Se en la dieta fluida. Conclusión: Desbalances nutricionales se hicieron evidentes en la interfase nutrición-servicios de salud pública, cuya solución no es insuperable. La evaluación nutricional de dietas orales de hospitales debería ser parte integral de la rutina en los servicios de salud para garantizar la más rápida recuperación de los pacientes e, inclusive, para minimizar los riesgos de agravamiento debidos a desbalances críticos de minerales.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar a evolução clínica, o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo e descrever as lesões de caprinos intoxicados por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa após a retirada dos locais onde ocorre a planta. Para isso foram utilizados 37 caprinos, divididos em 4 grupos. O Grupo 1 era composto por 14 caprinos adquiridos em uma propriedade onde ocorria a planta e que apresentavam condição corporal ruim e sinais clínicos nervosos da intoxicação, que variavam de discretos a acentuados. O Grupo 2 era composto por 10 cabras adquiridas em uma propriedade onde não ocorria a planta e também apresentavam condição corporal ruim. O Grupo 3 era composto por dois caprinos com sinais clínicos da intoxicação, que foram abatidos na fazendo onde tinham se intoxicado. O Grupo 4 era composto por 11 caprinos que serviram como controle para o estudo das lesões macroscópicas e histológicas. Os animais dos Grupos 1 e 2 foram avaliados por um período de 12 meses em uma propriedade localizada no município de Castanhal, onde não ocorre a planta. Durante esse período os animais recebiam o mesmo manejo. Seis meses após, os animais do Grupo 1 continuavam com condição corporal ruim, pelo áspero, maior susceptibilidade à infestações por parasitas gastrintestinais e permaneciam com sinais nervosos. Nos animais que apresentavam sinais nervosos discretos houve diminuição desses sinais, principalmente do tremor de intenção, que passou a ser menos perceptível. Nesse mesmo período os caprinos do Grupo 2 ganharam, em média, 13 kg. Das 8 cabras do Grupo 1 que permaneceram na propriedade experimental somente 4 emprenharam e pariram, sendo que 3 cabritos morreram logo após o nascimento, enquanto que todas as cabras do Grupo 2 emprenharam e pariram cabritos sadios. Nos encéfalos dos caprinos do Grupo 1, 3 e 4 foram realizados estudos histológico, morfológico e morfométrico. Macroscopicamente dois animais apresentaram atrofia cerebelar. No estudo morfométrico, as principais alterações histológicas observadas nos animais dos Grupos 1 e 3 foram diminuição dos neurônios de Purkinje do cerebelo. Conclui-se que caprinos cronicamente intoxicados por I. carnea que deixam de ingerir a planta apresentam sinais permanentes, mesmo que diminuídos de intensidade, fraco desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo e alta susceptibilidade aos parasitas gastrintestinais. Sugere-se que os produtores ao iniciar um plano de controle da intoxicação eliminem todos os animais que em um prazo de até 15 dias não apresentam regressão total dos sinais. O sinal permanente mais frequente é o tremor de intenção, associado à perda de neurônios de Purkinje, que poderia ser o principal responsável pela desnutrição dos animais e as conseqüentes falhas reprodutivas e maior susceptibilidade às parasitoses gastrintestinais.

The aim of this research was to study the clinical signs, productive and reproductive performance, and lesions of goats poisoned by Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa after removal from the paddocks where the plant occurred. Thirty seven goats were divided into four groups: Group 1 consisted of 14 goats with poor body conditions and mild to severe nervous signs, acquired from a farm where the plant occurred; Group 2 (control) consisted of 10 goats which had also poor body conditions, but were acquired from a farm where the plant did not occur; Group 3 consisted of two goats with clinical signs of intoxication and which were slaughtered on the farm where they became poisoned; Group 4 consisted of 11 goats slaughtered as controls for the study of gross and histological lesions. The animals from Group 1 and 2 were evaluated for a period of 12 months on a farm located in the municipality of Castanhal/Pará, in a paddock where the plant did not occur. Six months later, the animals of Group 1 continued with poor body condition, rough hair coat, and nervous signs, especially intention tremors, what became with time less noticeable. In the same period, the goats of Group 2 gained an average of 13 kg body weight. Goats from Group 1 showed to be more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites than those from Group 2. From the eight goats of Group 1 remaining on the farm only 4 became pregnant and delivered three kids which died shortly after birth, while all goats from Group 2 got pregnant and delivered healthy kids. At necropsy, two goats from Group 1 showed cerebellar atrophy. The main histological change observed in animals of Groups 1 and 3 was a decreased number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. It is concluded that goats chronically intoxicated by I. carnea and which discontinued to ingest the plant but showed still clinical signs, even though diminished in intensity, had poor productive and reproductive performance and were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites. For economical reasons, it is suggested that farmers cull affected animals which show still nervous signs 15 days after the end of I. carnea consumption. The most common permanent clinical signs are intention tremors, probably due to the loss of Purkinje cells, what could be primarily responsible for the malnutrition of the goats, the resulting reproductive failure and increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal parasites.

The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Efficacy assessment included number of panic attacks and clinician ratings of the global severity of panic disorders with the clinical global impression (CGI) improvement (CGI-I) and CGI severity (CGI-S) scales. Most patients were females (69.8 and 68.4% in the clonazepam and paroxetine groups, respectively) and age (mean ± SD) was 35.9 ± 9.6 years for the clonazepam group and 33.7 ± 8.8 years for the paroxetine group. Treatment with clonazepam versus paroxetine resulted in fewer weekly panic attacks at week 4 (0.1 vs 0.5, respectively; P < 0.01), and greater clinical improvements at week 8 (CGI-I: 1.6 vs 2.9; P = 0.04). Anxiety severity was significantly reduced with clonazepam versus paroxetine at weeks 1 and 2, with no difference in panic disorder severity. Patients treated with clonazepam had fewer adverse events than patients treated with paroxetine (73 vs 95%; P = 0.001). The most common adverse events were drowsiness/fatigue (57%), memory/concentration difficulties (24%), and sexual dysfunction (11%) in the clonazepam group and drowsiness/fatigue (81%), sexual dysfunction (70%), and nausea/vomiting (61%) in the paroxetine group. This naturalistic study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam and paroxetine in the acute treatment of patients with panic disorder.

Estudos envolvendo análises bioacústicas têm possibilitado a identificação de espécies pertencentes a grupos complexos, bem como a descrição e diferenciação de espécies crípticas. Recorrendo a esta ferramenta e com o objetivo de aumentar o conhecimento sobre a composição de espécies de anfíbios em áreas de Floresta com Araucária, foram amostradas 11 áreas nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. Os resultados ampliaram significativamente o conhecimento da distribuição geográfica de oito espécies de anfíbios anuros: Ischnocnema henselii, Dendropsophus anceps, atualmente classificada como criticamente ameaçada no Estado do Paraná, D. nahdereri, Scinax granulatus, Trachycephalus dibernardoi, Pseudis cardosoi, Leptodactylus araucaria e L. nanus. Alguns destes registros representam correções em identificações anteriores: Ischnocnema henselii é uma espécie críptica e algumas populações até o momento eram confundidas no Paraná com I. guentheri; Trachycephalus dibernardoi era identificada como T. imitatrix e Leptodactylus nanus como L. marmoratus. A caracterização e descrição dos cantos destas espécies também são apresentadas.

Studies involving bioacoustics analysis turned possible the identification of complex species groups, as well as the description and differentiation of cryptic species. In order to increase the knowledge on the species composition of amphibians in Araucaria Forests, we sampled eleven areas in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, which significantly increased the geographic distribution range of eight amphibian species: Ischnocnema henselii, Dendropsophus anceps, a currently classified as critically endangered in Paraná State, D. nahdereri, Scinax granulatus, Trachycephalus dibernardoi, Pseudis cardosoi, Leptodactylus araucaria and L. nanus. Some of the new records represent corrections of previous identifications for example: Ischnocnema henselii is a cryptic species with some populations in Paraná that have been previously mistaken to I. guentheri; Trachycephalus dibernardoi was mistaken for T. imitatrix and Leptodactylus nanus to L. marmoratus. We also characterize and describe the calls of all these species.