Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento.

Abstract Peru has a great potential for forestry plantations, nevertheless, importations of this type of products are getting very expensive. Soils under forest are acidic and infertile to support sustainable economically valuable forest tree species such as teak. Information is lacking on proper fertility management in forest plantations such as teak. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the effect of lime, and organic and inorganic fertilizers on the early growth and nutrient composition of 12-month old teak grown on acidic soil of Peru. The soil under field study was acidic with a pH of 4.99, low in fertility. A factorial design of 2x3: Lime (No Lime and Liming) and fertilizer (organic, inorganic and mixture), with 9 repetitions was adopted. Tree biometric parameters (height, diameter, biomass) and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn foliar concentrations were determined during early the growth of teak. Treatments with addition of dolomite lime favored higher biometric parameters, and use of organic fertilizers promoted more growth than inorganic fertilizers. In the case of nutrients, no major differences were observed between limed and unlimed treatments while organic fertilizer promoted Ca, K and S nutrition. The results show that the application of lime and organic fertilizers is essential for the successful management and establishment of teak plants in acidic soils of Peru.

Abstract In this article, we discuss the working process of the research, the participatory and collaborative methodology for the construction of the website for expanded use in Care, Teaching and Research in the fields of Mental Health Primary Care, which we titled ‘Portfolio of Inspiring Practices in Psychosocial care’, as well as the ongoing actions for its shared management. The whole research analyzed, systematized and categorized practices in primary care and community spaces, building search engines and scientific dissemination for innovative and inspiring experiences throughout the country, in the period from 2015 to 2020. The website gives visibility and relevance to the psychosocial approaches of reception, care and enhancement of life present in the Unified Health System. Alternative experiences to the biomedical model, the basis for an interdisciplinary and deinstitutionalizing perspective of Mental Health in Primary Care.

Resumen En este artículo discutimos el proceso de trabajo de la investigación, la metodología participativa y colaborativa para la construcción del site de uso ampliado en la Atención, Enseñanza e Investigación en los campos de la Atención Primaria de Salud Mental, que denominamos ‘Portafolio de Prácticas Inspiradoras en Atención Psicosocial’, así como las acciones en curso para su gestión compartida. El conjunto de investigación analizó, sistematizó y categorizó prácticas en la atención primaria y en los espacios comunitarios, construyendo mecanismos de búsqueda y divulgación científica de experiencias innovadoras e inspiradoras en todo el país, de 2015 a 2020. El site confere visibilidad y relevancia a los enfoques psicosociales de acogida, cuidado y potenciación de vida presentes en el Sistema Único de Salud. Experiencias alternativas al modelo biomédico, base para una perspectiva interdisciplinar y desinstitucionalizadora de la Salud Mental en Atención Primaria.

Resumo Neste artigo, discutimos o processo de trabalho da pesquisa, a metodologia participativa e colaborativa para a construção do site para uso ampliado na Atenção, Ensino e Pesquisa nos campos da Saúde Mental Atenção Básica, o qual intitulamos ‘Portfólio de Práticas Inspiradoras em Atenção Psicossocial’, bem como as ações em curso para sua gestão compartilhada. O conjunto da pesquisa analisou, sistematizou e categorizou práticas na atenção básica e espaços comunitários, construindo mecanismos de busca e disseminação científica para experiências inovadoras e inspiradoras em todo o país, no período de 2015 a 2020. O site dá visibilidade e relevância às abordagens psicossociais de acolhimento, cuidado e potencialização da vida presentes no Sistema Único de Saúde. Experiências alternativas ao modelo biomédico, base para uma perspectiva interdisciplinar e desinstitucionalizante de Saúde Mental na Atenção Básica.

BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on microbial diversity in indoor environments of ships, as well as the role of the microbiome and its ecological interconnections. In this study, we investigated the microbiome and virome present on the internal surfaces of a polar ship in different stages (beginning, during, and at the end) of the Brazilian Antarctic expedition in order to evaluate abundance of microorganisms in different periods. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We used shotgun metagenomic analysis on pooled samples from sampling surfaces in the ship’s interior to track the microbial diversity. FINDINGS Considering the total fraction of the microbiome, the relative abundance of bacteria, eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea was 83.7%, 16.2%, 0.04%, and 0.002%, respectively. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phyla, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Concerning the virome, the greatest richness of viral species was identified during the middle of the trip, including ten viral families after de novo assembly: Autographiviridae, Chrysoviridae, Genomoviridae, Herelleviridae, Myoviridae, Partitiviridae, Podoviridae, Potyviridae, Siphoviridae, and Virgaviridae. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study contributed to the knowledge of microbial diversity in naval transportation facilities, and variations in the abundance of microorganisms probably occurred due to factors such as the number of passengers and activities on the ship.

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

Abstract Entomological collections help scientists to rapidly identify invasive insects that affect agriculture, forestry, and human and animal health and to infer about global change biology. There are several collections with deposited Chagas disease vectors that are distributed throughout the world, but most of them present in Brazil. Faced with the need to disclose the biological material deposited in these collections, Brazilian articles were published compiling the information about the Triatomines Collections of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, the Collection of Chagas Disease Vectors, the Entomologic collections of the Faculty of Public Health of the University of Sao Paulo, and the Entomological Collection of Instituto Butantan. The Museum of the Institute of Agricultural Zoology “Francisco Fernández Yépez” (MIZA) in Venezuela has more than four million arthropods deposited in its collection, being more than 4,500 holotypes. Based on the importance of disseminating to the world the richness of species deposited in biological collections, with emphasis on the entomological collections of vectors that can present important epidemiological information on the distribution of the vector-borne diseases, the present work compiles all the information related to triatomines deposited in MIZA. Through the analysis of the triatomines deposited in the MIZA was possible to highlight that there are over one thousand triatomines deposited in the entomological collection, distributed in 39 species grouped in four tribes: Bolboderini (two species), Cavernicolini (one species), Rhodniini (seven species) and Triatomini (29 species). In additional, eleven new occurrence points were described for Venezuelan states, namely, Miranda (Cavernicola pilosa and Eratyrus mucronatus), Amazonas (Rhodnius pictipes and E. mucronatus), Aragua (R. robustus), Federal District (E. mucronatus), Barinas (Panstrongylus geniculatus), Bolívar (P. rufotuberculatus), Carabobo (Triatoma nigromaculata), Falcón (T. nigromaculata) and Táchira (T. nigromaculata). The analysis of the entomological collection of MIZA allowed to group important information on the richness of biological material deposited for the subfamily Triatominae, as well as for the epidemiology of Chagas disease in the States of Venezuela, emphasizing the importance of the dissemination of information on biological collections to the scientific community in the form of manuscripts or official sites aiming the internationalization and valuation of collections and deposited material.

Resumen Las colecciones entomológicas ayudan a los científicos a identificar rápidamente los insectos invasores que afectan a la agricultura, silvicultura y la salud humana y animal e inferir sobre la biología del cambio global. Hay varias colecciones con deposito de vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas que se distribuyen en todo el mundo, pero la mayoría de ellas están presentes en Brasil. Ante la necesidad de divulgar el material biológico depositado en estas colecciones, se publicaron en Brasil artículos que recopilan información sobre la Colección de Triatominos del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, la Colección de Vectores de la Enfermedad de Chagas, las colecciones Entomológicas de la Facultad de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Sao Paulo, y la Colección Entomológica del Instituto Butantan. El Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola “Francisco Fernández Yépez” (MIZA) de Venezuela, tiene más de cuatro millones de artrópodos depositados en su colección, reuniendo más de 4,500 holotipos. Basados en la importancia de diseminar al mundo la riqueza de las especies depositadas en colecciones biológicas, con énfasis en las colecciones entomológicas de vectores que pueden presentar información epidemiológica importante sobre la distribución de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, el presente trabajo recopila toda la información relacionada a triatominos depositados en MIZA. A través del análisis de los triatominos depositados en está colección fue posible destacar que hay más de mil triatominos representados, distribuidos en 39 especies agrupadas en cuatro tribus: Bolboderini (dos especies), Cavernicolini (una especie), Rhodniini (siete especies) y Triatomini (29 especies). Además, se describieron once nuevos puntos de ocurrencia para los estados venezolanos de Miranda (Cavernicola pilosa y Eratyrus mucronatus), Amazonas (Rhodnius pictipes y E. mucronatus), Aragua (R. robustus), Distrito Federal (E. mucronatus), Barinas (Panstrongylus geniculatus), Bolívar (P. rufotuberculatus), Carabobo (Triatoma nigromaculata), Falcón (T. nigromaculata) y Táchira (T. nigromaculata). El análisis de la colección entomológica del MIZA permitió agrupar información importante sobre la riqueza del material biológico depositado para la subfamilia Triatominae, así como para la epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en los estados de Venezuela, enfatizando la importancia de la difusión de información sobre colecciones biológicas a la comunidad científica en forma de manuscritos o sitios oficiales como una forma de internacionalización y valoración de colecciones y material depositado.

Resumen: El creciente proceso de globalización provoca que las movilidades de personas y la gestión de fronteras internacionales comiencen a desarrollar dinámicas y fenómenos cada vez más similares. Por otra parte, las coyunturas políticas determinan períodos de apertura, pero también de blindaje de fronteras, junto a procesos crecientes de securitización global. En este Dossier se presentan los diálogos generados en el Seminario Miradas desde América Latina entre académicos y estudiantes de diferentes países y contextos históricos, con experiencias teóricas y metodológicas, que permiten comenzar a comprender estos fenómenos, a la vez que desarrollar redes para un intercambio horizontal del conocimiento.

Summary: The growing process of globalization causes the mobility of people and the management of international borders to begin to develop increasingly similar dynamics and phenomena. On the other hand, political conjunctures determine periods of opening, but also of shielding borders, along with increasing processes of global securitization. This Dossier presents the dialogues generated in the Seminar on Looks from Latin America between academics and students from different countries and historical contexts, with theoretical and methodological experiences, which allow us to begin to understand these phenomena, while developing networks for horizontal exchange of knowledge.

Resumo: O crescente processo de globalização provoca que as mobilidades humanas de pessoas e a gestão de fronteiras internacionais comecem a desenvolver dinâmicas e fenômenos cada vez mais similares. Por outra parte, as conjunturas políticas determinam períodos de apertura, mas também de blindagem de fronteiras, junto a processos crescentes de securitização global. Em este Dossiê se apresentam diálogos gerados no Seminário Olhares desde América Latina entre acadêmicos e estudantes de países e contextos históricos diversos, com experiências teóricas e metodológicas, que permitem começar a compreender estes fenômenos, ao mesmo tempo que desenvolver redes para um intercambio horizontal de conhecimento.

Se presenta el análisis de un estudio de caso basado en datos de riesgos ambientales en el área de las serranías chiquitanas, el límite natural entre las grandes cuencas continentales del Amazonas y del Plata. Estas serranías son responsables de la generación de agua y patrones de precipitación que marcan las características del territorio. Se describe la severidad de las sequías para el periodo 1950-2018 con el índice PSEI y para los años 2010 y 2016 con el índice PDSI, la fluctuación temporal de la superficie de la Laguna Concepción, así como el impacto del cambio de la cobertura de vegetación en la erosión y sedimentación en el pasado (1986), presente (2016) y futuro potencial (2046). Los resultados obtenidos exponen que las sequías de 2010 alcanzaron niveles severos con el PDSI. Se muestra una marcada tendencia al incremento de la deforestación, especialmente para la cuenca San Julián, y se proyecta a futuro una disminución de la cobertura para la cuenca Cáceres. La cuenca Tucabaca presenta los niveles más altos de sedimentos retenidos producto de la erosión hídrica y se estima que esta tendencia permanecerá hasta el año 2046.

We present the analysis of a case study based on data from environmental risks in the area of the Chiquitania mountain range, the natural boundary between the large continental Amazon and Plata basis. These mountains are responsible for the generation of water and precipitation patterns that mark the characteristics of this territory. We describe the severity of droughts for the period 1950-2018 with the index PSEI and for years 2010 and 2016 with the index PDSI, temporal fluctuation of the surface of the Concepción lagoon, as well as the impact of the change in vegetation coverage on erosión and sedimentation in the past (1986), present (2016) and potential future (2046). The results obtained show that the droughts of 2010 reached severe levéis with PDSI. Additionally, a marked tendency of increased deforestation is presented, especially for the San Julián basin, and a decrease in coverage for the Caceres basin is projected in the future. The Tucabaca basin presents the highest levéis of sediments retained as a result of water erosion and it is estimated that this trend will remain until the year 2046.

RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar os desfechos clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes tratados cirurgicamente de estenose de coluna lombar por descompressão e fusão posterolateral e por descompressão e fusão intersomática. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 88 pacientes com estenose de canal lombar submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico (descompressão e fusão intersomática em 36 pacientes e descompressão e fusão posterolateral [PL] em 52 pacientes). Os desfechos clínicos foram avaliados pelo Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry (ODI), Questionário de Incapacidade Roland-Morris (RM) e pela escala visual analógica (VAS) para dor. Esses questionários foram administrados no pré-operatório e 1 mês, ٦ meses, 1 ano e 2 anos depois da cirurgia. Resultados: Oitenta e oito pacientes foram operados dois anos antes. Os escores do ODI e do questionário RM mostraram diferenças significantes no grupo posterolateral. No grupo intersomático, o escore do ODI mostrou alteração significante somente antes da cirurgia e 1 e 2 anos depois dela. O escore da VAS mudou significativamente só de antes da cirurgia para depois dela no grupo posterolateral, porém, no grupo intersomático, a alteração foi verificada também 1 mês e 1 ano depois da cirurgia. Conclusões: As duas técnicas são opções eficazes de tratamento cirúrgico da estenose de canal lombar, desde que sua indicação seja correta. Nível de evidência III, Estudo prospectivo comparativo de caso-controle.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients surgically treated for lumbar spinal stenosis with decompression and posterolateral fusion, and decompression with interbody fusion. Methods: The study included 88 patients with lumbar canal stenosis who underwent surgery treatment (decompression and interbody fusion in 36 patients and decompression and posterolateral fusion [PL] in 52 patients). The clinical outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland-Morris (RM) functional disability scale, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. These questionnaires were administered preoperatively and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. Results: Eighty-eight patients had surgery 2 years prior. The ODI and RM scale scores showed significant differences in the posterolateral group. In the interbody group, the ODI score showed a significant change only from before to 1 and 2 years after surgery. The VAS score significantly changed only from before to after surgery in the posterolateral group, but in the interbody group, the change was also observed at 1 month and 1 year after surgery. Conclusions: The two techniques are effective surgical treatment options for lumbar canal stenosis as long as they are well indicated. Level of evidence III, Comparative prospective case-control study.

ABSTRACT: Braconidae is the second most diverse Hymenoptera family in the world, which includes parasitoids of insects and other arthropods. Until 2017, only seven subfamilies, eight genera and four species were known in Aguascalientes. In this research, 608 adults of Braconidae family, corresponding to 18 subfamilies, 44 genera, three species and 107 morphospecies, were obtained in 111 localities of eleven municipalities; from those, 11 subfamilies, 39 genera and three species are new records for the state. This work allowed increasing the registry to 18 subfamilies, 47 genera and seven species of Braconidae for the State of Aguascalientes. Most genera are cosmopolitan, and the species are Nearctic and Neotropical. The most abundant genera were Opius, Aphidius, Trioxys and Aleiodes.

RESUMEN: Braconidae es la segunda familia de Hymenoptera con mayor diversidad en el mundo, e incluye parasitoides de insectos y de otros artrópodos. Para Aguascalientes, hasta 2017, sólo se conocían siete subfamilias, ocho géneros y cuatro especies. En el presente trabajo se recolectaron 608 adultos de Braconidae correspondientes a 18 subfamilias, 44 géneros, tres especies y 107 morfoespecies, obtenidos en 111 localidades de los once municipios; de las cuales, 11 subfamilias, 39 géneros y tres especies corresponden a nuevos registros para la entidad. Este trabajo permitió incrementar el registro a 18 subfamilias, 47 géneros y siete especies de Braconidae para el estado de Aguascalientes. La mayoría de los géneros son cosmopolitas y las especies son Neárticas y Neotropicales. Los géneros más abundantes fueron Opius, Aphidius, Trioxys y Aleiodes.

BACKGROUND The influence of Plasmodium spp. infection in the health of Southern brown howler monkey, Alouatta guariba clamitans, the main reservoir of malaria in the Atlantic Forest, is still unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the positivity rate of Plasmodium infection in free-living howler monkeys in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Joinville/SC and to associate the infection with clinical, morphometrical, haematological and biochemical alterations. METHODS Molecular diagnosis of Plasmodium infection in the captured monkeys was performed by Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (18S rRNA and coxI). Haematological and biochemical parameters were compared among infected and uninfected monkeys; clinical and morphometrical parameters were also compared. FINDINGS The positivity rate of Plasmodium infection was 70% among forty captured animals, the highest reported for neotropical primates. None statistical differences were detected in the clinical parameters, and morphometric measures comparing infected and uninfected groups. The main significant alteration was the higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in infected compared to uninfected monkeys. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Therefore, Plasmodium infection in howler monkeys may causes haematological/biochemical alterations which might suggest hepatic impairment. Moreover, infection must be monitored for the eco-epidemiological surveillance of malaria in the Atlantic Forest and during primate conservation program that involves the animal movement, such as translocations.

Imported malaria is a malaria infection diagnosed outside the area where it was acquired and is induced by human migration and mobility. This retrospective study was performed based on secondary data from 2007 to 2015. In total, 736 cases of imported malaria (79.7% of 923 cases) were recorded in Rio de Janeiro state. Of the imported cases, 55.3% came from abroad, while 44.7% came from other regions of Brazil. Most cases of imported malaria in Brazil (85.5%) originated in Amazônia Legal, and Burundi (Africa) accounted for 59% of the cases from abroad. Analyses of the determinants of imported malaria in Rio de Janeiro state must be continued to understand the relationship between the origin and destination of cases.