Abstract Background: Tissue sampling using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is the gold standard for diagnosing malignant pancreatic tumors; however, its sensitivity and specificity are highly variable. Thus, fine-needle biopsy using cutting needles has been developed to overcome current limitations and improve diagnostic yield. Our study compared two fine-needle biopsy needles for tissue sampling for pancreatic solid lesions. Materials and Methods: Samples obtained from patients with pancreatic solid lesions using the 22-gauge fine-needle biopsy needles (Franseen needle or reverse bevel needle) were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcomes were diagnostic yield and sample adequacy. The secondary outcome was diagnostic performance. The analysis was performed using 2 × 2 tables to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for each needle type. Proportions were compared using the Z test. For quantitative variables, a comparative analysis was performed using Student’s t test. Qualitative and unpaired out-come variables were described using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Sixty-three patients with pancreatic lesions were included in the analysis. The fine-needle biopsy Franseen and reverse bevel groups included 33 and 30 patients, respectively. An adequate sample was obtained in 97% of patients in the Franseen needle group versus 80% in the reverse bevel needle group; the diagnostic yields in these groups were 93.9 and 66.7%, respectively. Neither differences between needle passes nor complications were noted. The sensitivity and specificity were 93.5 and 100%, respectively, in the fine-needle biopsy Franseen group, versus 71 and 100%, respectively, in the reverse bevel needle group. Conclusions: The Franseen needle was more effective for sampling pancreatic tumors than the reverse bevel needle.

Resumo Introdução: A aquisição de tecido através de punção com agulha fina guiada por ecoendoscopia é o padrão para o diagnóstico de neoplasias pancreáticas malignas; contudo, a sua sensibilidade e especificidade é altamente variável. A biópsia por agulha fina (FNB) usando agulhas cortantes foi desenvolvida para ultrapassar as limitações atuais. Este estudo comparou duas agulhas de FNB na aquisição de tecido de lesões pancreáticas sólidas. Métodos: Amostras obtidas de doentes com lesões pancreáticas sólidas utilizando agulha de FND de 22 gauge (Franseen ou reverse bevel) foram avaliadas retrospetivamente. Os outcomes primárias foram a rentabilidade diagnóstica e a adequabilidade das amostras. O outcome secundário foi a performance diagnóstica. A análise estatística foi realizada através de tabelas de contingência 2 × 2 para cálculo da sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo e acuidade para cada tipo de agulha. As proporções foram calculadas utilizando o teste-Z. Para variáveis quantitativas foi realizada análise comparativa com teste t-Student. Variáveis qualitativas e não pareadas foram comparadas com teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Foram incluídos 63 doentes com lesões pancreáticas (33 no grupo FNB Franseen e 30 no grupo reverse bevel). Foram obtidas amostras adequadas em 97% do grupo Franseen vs 80% no grupo reverse bevel, sendo a rentabilidade diagnóstica de 93.9 e 66.7%, respetivamente. Não houve diferenças no número de passagens nem nas complicações. A sensibilidade e especificidade foram, respetivamente, de 93.5 e 100% no grupo Franseen versus 71 e 100% no grupo reverse bevel. Conclusões: A agulha Franseen foi mais efetiva na aquisição de amostras de lesões pancreáticas do que a agulha reverse bevel.

ABSTRACT A study is carried out to improve the current process of glucose production by acid inversion from refined sugar that isdeveloped in the Argentine UEB located in Camagüey, usingSuperPro Designer v10.0 simulator. The plant has a simple technology, transfer from Czechoslovakia and an annual production plan of 250 t of glucose. For each 6 t of refined sugar, 1 t of glucose is currently obtained, caused by the low conversion in hydrolysis reaction. Two alternatives are presented to increase the yield of glucose production, both based on enzymatic hydrolysis and two different processes for glucose separation: Enzymatic hydrolysis + crystallization-centrifugation, Enzymatic hydrolysis + chromatographic separation. With the first alternative, glucose production increases 1,48 times due to the higher degree of conversion that can be obtained. For the second alternative, which involves the purchase of equipment, an economic evaluation was carried out using Hand's method, resulting in an investment cost of 5 640 000 CUP. The following economic indicators were calculated: the net present value that was positive, the period of recovery of the capital of 2,4 years, a period of recovery of the discounted capital of 3,4 years, an internal rate of return of 30 % and a return on investment of 41,1 %. These favorable indicators for alternative 2 and the increase achieved in glucose production with alternative 1 show that both are feasible.

RESUMEN Se evalúan propuestas para el mejoramiento del actual proceso de producción de glucosa por inversión ácida a partir de azúcar refino que se desarrolla en la UEB Argentina ubicada en Camagüey, usando el simulador SuperPro Designer v10.0. La planta cuenta con una tecnología simple, resultado de una transferencia de tecnología de Checoslovaquia y con un plan de producción anual de 250 t de glucosa; por cada 6 t de azúcar refino se obtiene 1 t de glucosa actualmente, ocasionado esto por la baja conversión en la hidrólisis. Se presentan dos alternativas para incrementar el rendimiento de producción de glucosa, ambas basadas en hidrólisis enzimática seguida de dos procesos para la separación de la glucosa: Hidrólisis enzimática + cristalización-centrifugación. Hidrólisis enzimática + separación cromatográfica. Con la primera alternativa la producción de glucosa aumenta en 1,48 veces debido al mayor grado de conversión que se puede obtener. Para la segunda alternativa, que conlleva la compra de equipos, se realizó la evaluación económica utilizando el método de Hand, resultando un costo de inversión de 5 640 000 CUP. Se calcularon los indicadores económicos siguientes: el valor actual neto que resultó positivo, el plazo de recuperación del capital de 2,4 años, un plazo de recuperación del capital al descontado de 3,4 años, una tasa interna de rendimiento de 30 % y un retorno sobre la inversión de 41,1 %. Estos indicadores favorables para la alternativa 2 y el incremento alcanzado en la producción de glucosa con la alternativa 1 arrojan que ambas son factibles.

RESUMO Introdução: Ainda não há um método considerado eficaz para análise dos modelos digitais no exame do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia (BBO), considerando-se os parâmetros do método manual atual. Objetivo: Assim, o presente estudo objetiva verificar a confiabilidade de um método de avaliação em modelos digitais para o exame do BBO, comparando com o padrão-ouro. Métodos: As medições foram realizadas por 5 examinadores, previamente calibrados. A amostra de 10 pares de modelos de gesso da fase final do tratamento ortodôntico foi medida no método manual (Sistema Objetivo de Avaliação, SOA). Os modelos foram digitalizados por meio de um scanner 3D e exportados para o software Geomagic Qualify, onde foram feitas as medidas no método digital proposto. As medidas foram refeitas em 5 modelos após 15 dias. A análise intraexaminador desse método foi realizada por meio do teste t pareado; já a interexaminadores, feita com ANOVA e teste de Tukey, sendo encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa. Para a comparação dos métodos manual e digital, foram utilizados o teste t pareado e a correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Uma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada. Os resultados mostraram que, comparada ao método manual, a metodologia digital mostrou-se eficaz para medição do SOA em quatro das sete variáveis estudadas: Margem interproximal, Sobressaliência, Contato oclusal e Contato interproximal. As variáveis Alinhamento, Inclinação V-L e Relação oclusal mostraram muita dispersão nos achados. Conclusão: Mais estudos são necessários para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia digital adequada em todas as variáveis do SOA.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, no method is considered effective for the evaluation of digital models in the Certification Examination of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics (BBO), considering the parameters of the currently used manual method. Objective: Thus, the aim of this study is to verify the reliability of an evaluation method for digital models that could be used in the BBO exam, compared to the gold standard. Methods: Measurements were performed by five previously calibrated examiners. Samples of ten sets of plaster models of the final phase of orthodontic treatment were measured using a manual method (Objective Grading System, OGS). These models were digitized using a 3D scanner and exported to Geomagic Qualify software, in which the measurements were made with the proposed digital method. These measurements were repeated using five models, after fifteen days. The intra-examiner performance with this method was analyzed with a paired t-test, whereas the inter-examiner analysis was carried out with analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. To compare the manual and digital methods, a paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were performed. Results: A statistically significant difference was found. The results showed that, when compared to the manual method, the digital method was effective in measuring the OGS in four of the seven variables studied: Marginal Ridge, Overjet, Occlusal Contact, and Interproximal Contact. The variables Alignment, BL inclination, and Occlusal Relationship showed a great amount of dispersion in the findings. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to develop an adequate digital methodology that can be used for all OGS variables.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the frequency of malnutrition in students recently admitted to a private medical school in 2018. Materials and methods : This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study which consisted in reviewing the records from students admitted in 2018 to a private medical school in Lima, Peru. Absolute and relative rates were obtained, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for qualitative variables and U Mann-Whitney’s test or Student’s t test were used for quantitative variables. Significance level was set at 95%. Results : The study population consisted of 263 subjects. More than half of them (53.99%) had malnutrition, which was established as 36.5% overweight persons, 11.03% were obese, and 6.46% were undernourished. The following findings were associated to malnutrition: alcohol consumption (p<0.001), family history of type 2 diabetes (p<0.001), district of origin (p= 0.014), and abdominal circumference (p<0.001). Conclusions : More than half of the students admitted to a private medical school had malnutrition, mainly because of being overweight, and this was associated with cardiovascular risk because of having large abdominal circumference and altered laboratory tests. Variables associated to malnutrition were as follows: alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of type 2 diabetes, district of origin, and abdominal circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de malnutrición en los estudiantes ingresantes a la facultad de medicina humana de una universidad privada en el año 2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal y retrospectivo, que consistió en la revisión de las historias clínicas de los estudiantes ingresantes en 2018 que pasaron evaluación médica en una facultad de Medicina de Lima, Perú. Se obtuvo frecuencias absolutas y relativas, se calculó Chi-cuadrado o Test exacto de Fisher para las variables cualitativas y Prueba de U de Mann - Whitney o T student para las cuantitativas. Se consideró como nivel de significancia al 95%. Resultados : La población de estudio fueron 263 personas; se obtuvo que el 53,99% tuvo malnutrición, conformado por un 36,5% con sobrepeso, el 11,03% obesidad y el 6,46% desnutrición. Se encontró asociación con malnutrición a: consumo de alcohol (p <0,001), tabaco (p <0,001), antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2 (p < 0,001), distrito de procedencia (p= 0,014) y perímetro abdominal (p < 0,001). Conclusiones : más de la mitad de los estudiantes ingresantes a una facultad de medicina humana presentaron problemas de malnutrición, en mayor proporción por exceso de peso y estuvo asociada al riesgo cardiovascular por su aumentado perímetro abdominal y valores alterados en sus exámenes de laboratorio. Las variables asociadas a malnutrición fueron: consumo de alcohol, tabaco, antecedente familiar de diabetes tipo 2, distrito de procedencia y perímetro abdominal.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic and economic value of a new sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) clone proposed as a commercial variety. For this purpose, the following evaluations were carried out: (1) parental crossing, seed sowing in greenhouse and seedling transplantation in a mesh house, (2) field performance assessment and (3) plot validation (profitability analysis). root yield (t ha-1), viral detection, pulp color, plant vigor, weight loss during storage, cooking, sweetness, moisture percentage, dry matter, fat, raw fiber, carbohydrates and proteins, amount of soluble solids (Brix degrees), carotenoids (µg β-CE g-1) and antioxidant activity with ABTS radical (µmol TE g-1) were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the clone 54, named as INIA 329-Bicentenario, was agronomically and economically better than the commercial variety Amarillo Benjamín, used as a control group. The clone 54 showed viral resistance and better commercial features such as higher yield (3.0 t ha-1 of additional yield), better shape, size and pulp color, faster cooking. Moreover, the clone 54 was sweeter, and had lower fat content and a longer shelf life. Thus, the clone 54 showed higher profitability and lower risk for the farmers.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el valor agronómico y económico de un nuevo clon de camote (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) lanzado como variedad comercial. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: (1) Cruzamiento de parentales, siembra de semilla botánica en invernadero y trasplante de plántulas en casa de malla, (2) Ensayos de rendimiento en campo y (3) Parcelas de comprobación o validación (para definir su valor agronómico y rentabilidad). Se evaluó rendimiento de raíces (t ha-1), reacción a virus, color de pulpa, vigor de planta, pérdida de peso en almacén, cocción, dulzura, porcentaje de humedad, materia seca, grasa, fibra cruda, carbohidratos y proteína, cantidad de sólidos solubles (grados Brix), carotenoides (µg β-CE g-1) y actividad antioxidante con radical ABTS (µmol TE g-1). Se demostró que agronómica y económicamente el Clon 54, denominado INIA 329-Bicentenario, es superior a la variedad comercial Amarillo Benjamín usada como testigo, porque es resistente a virus, tiene mejores características comerciales: alto rendimiento (3,0 t ha-1 adicionales), mejor forma, más tamaño, mejor color de pulpa, rápida cocción, mayor dulzura, más materia seca, menos contenido de grasa y mayor vida útil en almacén, y porque su rentabilidad es mayor, presentando menor riesgo para el productor.

ABSTRACT The average national yield of pecan walnut is 1,5 t ha-1 which can be increased with proper management of nutrition and decrease the rate of alternation. A Taguchi L25 structure was used with six factors and five levels for each factor in kg ha-1: N 0; 16; 80; 160 and 320; P2O5 0; 7; 35; 70 and 140; K2O 0; 7,5; 37,5; 75 and 150; Composting 0; 250; 1250; 2500 and 5000; vermicompost 0; 100; 500; 1000 and 2000; mycorrhizae 0; 3,81; 19,05; 38,00 and 76,20 g per cm of trunk diameter. commercial carriers: Ammonium sulfate (20,5 % N, 24 % S), phosphoric acid (49 % P2O5, density 1,61 kg L-1), potassium thiosulfate (12,6 % K2O, density 1,46 kg L-1); compost vermicompost and mycorrhizae, evaluating the production and quality of the nut. For a production of 1,94 t ha-1,149 nuts kg-1 and 59 % of edible nut were used kg ha-1 226 of N, 121 of P2O5, 94 of K2O, 3111 of Compost, 1905 vermicompost and 33,02 g cm dt of mycorrhizae; of those doses, the requirements for production were 30 % of N and organic amendments, 50 % of P and K; mycorrhizae they contributed 95 % in quality of the walnut. Fertilizer costs accounted for 40,8 % of revenues, which were distributed 50 % for current year quality, 25 % for maintenance of potential production and 25 % for next year’s production

El rendimiento nacional promedio de nuez pecanera es de 1,5 t ha-1 el cual se puede incrementar con un manejo adecuado de la nutrición y disminuir el índice de alternancia. Se utilizó una estructura Taguchi L25 con seis factores y cinco niveles para cada factor en kg ha-1: N 0; 16; 80; 160 y 320; P2O5 0; 7; 35; 70 y 140; K2O 0; 7,5; 37,5; 75 y 150; composta 0; 250; 1250; 2500 y 5000; humus de lombriz 0; 100; 500; 1000 y 2000; micorrizas 0; 3,81; 19,05; 38,00 y 76,20 g por cm de diámetro de tronco. Portadores comerciales: sulfato de amonio (20,5 % N, 24 % S), ácido fosfórico (49 % P2O5, densidad 1,61 kg L-1), tiosulfato de potasio (12,6 % K2O, densidad 1,46 kg L-1); composta, humus de lombriz y micorrizas, evaluándose la producción y calidad de la nuez. Para una producción de 1,94 t ha-1, con 149 nueces kg-1 y 59 % de nuez comestible se utilizaron en kg ha-1 226 de N, 121 de P2O5, 94 de K2O, 3111 de Composta, 1905 de Humus de Lombriz y 33,02 g cm dt de micorrizas. De esas dosis, las necesidades para producción fueron 30 % de N y enmiendas orgánicas, 50 % de P y K; las micorrizas aportaron un 95 % en calidad de la nuez. Los costos de fertilización representaron 40,8 % de los ingresos, los cuales se distribuyeron 50 % para calidad del año actual, 25 % para mantenimiento de la producción potencial y 25 % para asegurar la producción del próximo año

SUMMARY Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) is a vegetable that provides vitamins and essential elements to the human diet, as well as antioxidant compounds that improve health. This crop may be alternative in avocado (Persea americana) producing regions, where weather may be suitable for broccoli. However, its productive behavior, the most appropriate varieties and doses of nitrogen fertilization are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the productive response and economic profitability of Monte Carlo and Green Magic broccoli varieties with the doses of 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 (N0, N60 and N120, respectively) in Uruapan, Michoacán, in 2016. The trial was established in open field and irrigated field conditions. A randomized block design with four replications was used. It was found that Green Magic was more productive and showed greater response to nitrogen fertilization (P ≤ 0.05) than Monte Carlo. Green Magic with N120 achieved the highest yield, 14.1 t ha-1 and the highest profitability, $ 35,413.20 MXN. Monte Carlo with N0 and N60, as well as Green Magic with N0 were not economically profitable because of they had the highest economical losses, $ -48,714.2 MXN. Therefore, the cultivar Green Magic fertilized with N120 is an option to be grown in Uruapan, Michoacan.

RESUMEN El brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. Itálica) es una hortaliza que aporta vitaminas y elementos esenciales a la dieta humana, así como compuestos antioxidantes que mejoran la salud. Este cultivo puede ser alternativo en regiones productoras de aguacate (Persea americana), en donde las condiciones climáticas podrían ser adecuadas para el brócoli. Sin embargo se desconoce su comportamiento productivo, las variedades y dosis de fertilización nitrogenada más apropiados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la respuesta productiva y rentabilidad económica de las variedades de brócoli Monte Carlo y Green Magic con las dosis de 0, 60 y 120 kg N ha-1 (N0, N60 y N120, respectivamente) en Uruapan, Michoacán, durante 2016. El ensayo se estableció en condiciones de campo a cielo abierto y con riego rodado, mediante un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los resultados indican que Green Magic fue más productiva y mostró mayor respuesta (P ≤ 0.05) a la fertilización nitrogenada que Monte Carlo. Green Magic con N120 logró el máximo rendimiento, 14.1 t ha-1 y la más alta rentabilidad, $35,413.20 MXN. Monte Carlo con N0 y N60 y Green Magic con N0 no fueron económicamente rentables pues presentaron pérdidas económicas de hasta $-48,714.2 MXN. Por lo tanto, la variedad Green Magic fertilizada con N120 es una opción de cultivo en Uruapan, Michoacán.

In this study we evaluated the floristic composition and changes in stored biomass and dynamics over time in 9 permanent plots monitored by RAINFOR (Amazon Forest Inventory Network) and located in the lowland Amazon rainforest of the Tambopata National Reserve. Data were acquired in the field using the standardized methodology of RAINFOR. The biomass was estimated using the equation for tropical moist forests of Chave et al. (2005). Biomass dynamics were analyzed, in three separated periods from 2003 to 2011. 64 families, 219 genera and 531 species were recorded. The tree floristic composition is very similar in all plots except for one swamp plot, although but it is also evident that two slightly different forest communities exist in the rest of landscape, apparently related to the age of the ancient river terraces in the area. Mortality and recruitment of individuals averaged 2.12 ± 0.52% and 1.92 ± 0.49%, respectively. The turnover rate is 2.02% per year. Aboveground biomass stored in these forests averages 296.2 ± 33.9 t ha-1. The biomass dynamics show a total net gain of 1.96, 1.69 and -1.23 t ha-1 for period respectively. Prior to the drought of 2010 a change in biomass was found 1.88 t ha-1 yr-1 and post drought was -0.18 t ha-1 yr-1 on average, though the difference is not significant. Demographic analysis suggests a dynamic equilibrium in the plots. The negative balance of biomass observed for the period 2008 - 2011 may be due to the drought of 2010, in which half of the monitored plots experienced negative net biomass change due to mortality of individuals selectively affecting the floristic composition.

En este estudio se evaluaron los cambios en la biomasa aérea almacenada y su dinámica en el tiempo en 9 parcelas permanentes pertenecientes a la red de parcelas de RAINFOR (Red Amazónica de Inventarios Forestales) ubicadas dentro del bosque húmedo tropical de la Reserva Nacional Tambopata en la llanura Amazónica. Se tomaron datos en campo con la metodología estandarizada RAINFOR. La biomasa se estimó usando la ecuación para bosques húmedos tropicales de Chave et al. (2005). La dinámica de la biomasa se analizó separándolos por periodos inter censales a partir del año 2003 hasta el 2011. Se registraron 64 familias, 219 géneros y 531 especies. La composición florística es muy similar en todas las parcelas excepto en la parcela de pantano. Son evidentes dos grupos ligeramente distintos y aparentemente relacionados a la edad de las antiguas terrazas fluviales de la zona. La tasa de mortalidad y reclutamiento de individuos presentan valores promedio de 2.12 ± 0.52% y 1.92 ± 0.49%, respectivamente. La tasa de reemplazo es 2.02% anual. La biomasa aérea almacenada fue de 296.2 ± 33.9 t ha-1 en promedio. La dinámica de la biomasa muestra una ganancia neta total de 1.96, 1.69 y -1.23 t ha-1 para cada periodo respectivamente. Antes de la sequía de 2010 se encontró un cambio en la biomasa de 1.88 t ha-1 año-1 y post sequía fue -0.18 t ha-1 año-1 en promedio, aunque la diferencia no fue significativa. El análisis demográfico sugiere un equilibrio dinámico en las parcelas. El balance negativo de biomasa observado para el periodo 2008 - 2011 puede deberse a la sequía del 2010, donde la mitad de las parcelas monitoreadas tuvieron una disminución en las ganancias netas de la biomasa por mortalidad de individuos afectando la composición florística selectivamente.

We report two cases of Graves’ disease after immune reconstitution following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We reviewed and abstracted the patients’ records and also conducted a review of the pertinent medical literature. Two patients with history of HIV infection developed weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and diarrhea after 30-48 months of treatment with HAART based on zidovudine, lamivudine, and atazanavir. Their CD4 T cells count was in normal range and viral load was undetectable. Physical examination showed diffuse thyroid enlargement. Thyrotropin was suppressed, free thyroxine was elevated, and anti-TPO antibodies were positive. Both showed clinical improvement with the use methimazole and atenolol. Graves’ disease may be a form of immune reconstitution syndrome following HAART. This form of autoimmune thyroid disease is related with the second phase of T-cell repopulation with naive autoreactive CD4 T cells clones. Physicians need to be vigilant in detecting thyrotoxicosis in patients who have immune reconstituted well on HAART, since early diagnosis and treatment alleviates symptoms and may reduce long-term morbidity of Graves’ disease.

Se reportan dos casos de enfermedad de Graves relacionados con sindrome de Reconstitución Inmune en dos pacientes infectados con VIH luego de iniciar la terapia antiretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA). Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes y se hizo una revisión bibliográfica. Dos pacientes con historia de infección por VIH desarrollaron pérdida de peso, taquicardia, tremor en la manos y diarrea, luego de 30 y 48 meses después de iniciado tratamiento TARGA con zidovudina, lamivudina y atazanavir. Al momento de desarrollar este problema su conteo de células CD4 estaba en rangos de normalidad y su carga viral estaba en niveles indetectables. En el examen Físico se detectó un aumento de volumen de la glándula tiroides. Los niveles de tirotropina estaban suprimidos y los niveles de tiroxina libre elevados; se detectó niveles positivos de anticuerpos anti-TPO. Ambos pacientes mejoraron con el tratamiento metimazol y atenolol. La enfermedad de Graves ha sido reportada como complicación inusual en pacientes VIH como reconstitución Inmune luego del inicio de TARGA. Estos dos pacientes muestran un cuadro compatible.

A shift from large to small average sizes was observed in Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius domesticus between field and domestic (or laboratory) conditions of life. It was more pronounced in the female specimens, leading to a subsequent reduction of sexual size dimorphism. This feature is discussed in terms of genetic and populational changes occurring from natural to artificial habitats, in particular those related to population densities. Sexual size dimorphism is then recommended as a new character to be used in the study of species of Triatominae adapting to domestic ecotopes.