ABSTRACT: Rhododendron fortune belongs to a scented Rhododendron species native to China, which produces fragrant flowers of great ornamental and environmental values for landscaping or indoor beautification. However, the scents in Rhododendron fortuneihave not yet been investigated, let alone the mechanism of the formation of these fragrance in the flowers. In this study, we measured the scents in terms of its volatile components and contents (VOC) in Rhododendron fortuneiat four different flowering stages and in different tissues of the plant by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then the characteristic aromatic values, which reflects the degree of scent perception by human, of each VOC in the plant was calculated according to its respective aromatic thresholds. Results showed that three main VOCs measured from highest to lowest are methyl benzoates, terpenes and fatty acid derivatives. Their content increased after the flower bud opening and reached the highest at half to full blossom. In a flower most VOC contents were measured in petals and only trace amount in other tissues such as stamen, pistil. A small amount of VOCs was determined in leaves as well.All aromatic values were almost corresponded to the contents of three main VOCs, indicating that the flower fragrance arises truly from these VOC components. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase (BAMT) catalyzes the final step to form methyl benzoates. To understand the mechanism of the formation of this main type fragrance and its regulation, we firstly isolate a gene of RfBAMT from petal of Rhododendron fortuneiby using homologous cloning and RACE technology. The full length of its cDNA was 1383 bp，with an open reading frame of 1104 bp, encoding a total of 368 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that RfBAMT was the closest to the BSMT of Camellia japonica, belonging to methyltransferases family. Then we measured the expression level of RfBAMT again at four flower developmental stages and in different flower tissues and leaves. The results showed that the expression level of this gene was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowering, implying that RfBAMT plays a pivotal role in the formation and regulation of methyl benzoates in Rhododendron fortune.Thisresearchshowed that the RfBAMT was cloned and identified in our study and its expression level was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowers and leaves, which indicated this gene may play an important role on regulation of methyl benzoate synthesis in Rhododendron fortunei.

RESUMO: Rhododendron fortunei pertence a uma espécie de rododendro perfumada nativa da China, que produz flores perfumadas de grande valor ornamental e ambiental para paisagismo ou embelezamento de interiores. No entanto, os aromas em Rhododendron fortunei ainda não foram investigados, muito menos o mecanismo de formação dessas fragrâncias nas flores. Neste estudo, medimos os aromas em termos de seus componentes e conteúdos voláteis (VOC) em Rhododendron fortunei em quatro diferentes estágios de floração e em diferentes tecidos da planta por microextração em fase sólida headspace combinada com cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa. Em seguida, foram calculados os valores aromáticos característicos, que refletem o grau de percepção olfativa pelo ser humano, de cada VOC na planta de acordo com seus respectivos limiares aromáticos. Os resultados mostraram que três COVs principais medidos do mais alto ao mais baixo são benzoatos de metila, terpenos e derivados de ácidos graxos. Seu conteúdo aumentou após a abertura do botão floral e atingiu o máximo na metade da floração total. Em uma flor, a maioria dos teores de COV foram medidos em pétalas e apenas traços em outros tecidos, como estame, pistilo. Uma pequena quantidade de COVs foi determinada nas folhas também. Todos os valores aromáticos foram quase correspondentes aos teores de três COVs principais, indicando que a fragrância da flor surge verdadeiramente desses componentes de COV. Para entender o mecanismo de formação deste tipo principal de fragrância e sua regulação, primeiramente isolamos um gene de RfBAMT da pétala de Rhododendron fortunei usando clonagem homóloga e tecnologia RACE. O comprimento total de seu cDNA era de 1383 bp, com um quadro de leitura aberto de 1104 bp, codificando um total de 368 aminoácidos. A análise da árvore filogenética mostrou que RfBAMT foi o mais próximo do BSMT de Camellia japonica, pertencente à família das metiltransferases. Em seguida, medimos o nível de expressão de RfBAMT novamente em quatro estágios de desenvolvimento da flor e em diferentes tecidos e folhas de flores. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de expressão deste gene foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila na floração, implicando que RfBAMT desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e regulação de benzoatos de metila em Rhododendron fortune foi clonado e identificado em nosso estudo e seu nível de expressão foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila nas flores e folhas, o que indicou que este gene pode desempenhar um papel importante na regulação da síntese de benzoato de metila em Rhododendron fortunei.

Resumen Antecedentes: La enfermedad de injerto contra huésped (EICH) es una complicación importante después del trasplante alogénico de células madre hematopoyéticas. Objetivos: Para dilucidar el papel de TLR4, el principal receptor de LPS bacteriano, en el desarrollo de GVHD, construimos un modelo de GVHD en ratones knockout para TLR4 (TLR4-/-) y monitoreamos el quimerismo celular. Métodos: En este estudio, usamos PCR para identificar si se establecieron ratones knockout para TLR4 (TLR4-/-). Antes del trasplante, pretratamos a los ratones con irradiación para obtener la dosis de irradiación adecuada. Se aplicó citometría de flujo para medir el estado de quimerismo, las distribuciones de APC y células T en ratones receptores TLR4+/+ y TLR4-/-. Resultados: El estado general de los receptores de TLR4-/- fue mejor que el de los receptores de TLR4+/+, y los ratones receptores de TLR4-/- mostraron manifestaciones de GVHD menos graves que los ratones receptores de TLR4+/+. La mayoría de las APC y las células T en el bazo del ratón huésped se derivaron de las células del donante, y las células T CD4+, incluidas las células T de memoria, se encontraban en su mayoría en los ratones huéspedes. Conclusión: En general, nuestros datos muestran que la eliminación de TLR4 atenuó el desarrollo de GVHD, lo que sugiere que TLR4 podría usarse como un nuevo objetivo y paradigma terapéutico en las terapias de GVHD.

Abstract Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Objective: To elucidate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the major receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide, in the development of GVHD, we constructed a GVHD model in TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice and monitored the cell chimerism. Methods: In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction to identify whether TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice were established. Before transplantation, we pretreated mice with irradiation so as to obtain an appropriate irradiation dose. Flow cytometry was applied to measure the chimerism status, the distributions of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and T-cells in TLR4+/+ and TLR4-/- recipient mice. Results: The general condition of TLR4-/- recipients was better than that of TLR4+/+ recipients, and the TLR4-/- recipient mice showed less severe GVHD manifestations than the TLR4+/+ recipient mice. Most of the APCs and T-cells in the host mouse spleen were derived from donor cells, and CD4+ T-cells, including memory T-cells, were in the majority in host mice. Conclusion: In general, our data show that TLR4 deletion attenuated GVHD development, which suggests that TLR4 could be used as a novel target and therapeutic paradigm in GVHD therapies.

Abstract: Throughout the history of Christianity in Japan, tension and conflict have persisted between the Jesuits and Franciscans. At face value, this appears to be due to their different readings of the policies of Rome and varied approaches to apostolic work. However, upon closer examination, politics also played an important role. Behind the two orders were two rival maritime powers - Portugal and Spain, whose fellow countrymen’s feelings of national sentiment may occasionally have outweighed their interests in the mission in Japan. In an attempt to keep the peace, Rome had issued the Patronatus missionum. However, it intensified the conflict and rendered the situation into an irreparable state of disarray. This eventually caused heavy losses to the whole mission. For a better understanding, in this thesis I summarize the following arguments between the Jesuits and Franciscans. The first, and most salient, argument pertains to commerce; the second pertains to the separation of parishes; the third to their apostolic approaches, and the final argument is on their practical policies. It is also worth mentioning that the relationship between the Jesuits and the Franciscans was not eased by the 26-person Nagasaki martyrdom incident. Indeed, this was a heavy loss.

Resumen: A lo largo de la historia del cristianismo en Japón, han persistido las tensiones y los conflictos entre los jesuitas y los franciscanos. A primera vista, esto parece deberse a sus diferentes lecturas de las políticas de Roma y a sus variados enfoques del trabajo apostólico. Sin embargo, si se examina más detenidamente, la política también desempeñó un papel importante. Detrás de las dos órdenes se encontraban dos potencias marítimas rivales -Portugal y España-, cuyos sentimientos nacionales de sus compatriotas pueden haber superado en ocasiones sus intereses en la misión de Japón. En un intento de mantener la paz, Roma emitió el Patronatus missionum. Sin embargo, intensificó el conflicto y llevó la situación a un estado de desorden irreparable. Esto acabó causando grandes pérdidas a toda la misión. Para una mejor comprensión, en esta tesis resumo los siguientes argumentos entre jesuitas y franciscanos. El primer argumento, y el más destacado, se refiere al comercio; el segundo, a la separación de las parroquias; el tercero, a sus planteamientos apostólicos, y el último, a sus políticas prácticas. También cabe mencionar que la relación entre los jesuitas y los franciscanos no se vio aliviada por el incidente del martirio de Nagasaki de 26 personas. De hecho, fue una gran pérdida.

Abstract Background Hypertrophic scar (HS), a fibroproliferative disorder caused by aberrant wound healing following skin injuries such as burns, lacerations and surgery, is characterized by invasive proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The dysregulation of autophagy is the pathological basis of HS formation. Previously, angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) was found to be overexpressed in HS fibroblasts (HSFs) compared with normal skin fibroblasts. However, whether ANGPT2 participates in the process of HS formation and the potential molecular mechanisms are not clear. Objective This study is intended to figure out the role of ANGPT2 and ANGPT2-mediated autophagy during the development of HS. Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect ANGPT2 expression in HS tissues and HSFs. HSFs were transfected with sh-ANGPT2 to knock down ANGPT2 expression and then treated with MHT1485, the mTOR agonist. The effects of sh-ANGPT2 or MHT1485 on the proliferation, migration, autophagy and ECM accumulation of HSFs were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and western blotting. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related molecules (p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR) was assessed by western blotting. Results ANGPT2 expression was markedly upregulated in HS tissues and HSFs. ANGPT2 knockdown decreased the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. ANGPT2 knockdown activated autophagy and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation of HSFs. Additionally, the treatment of MHT1485, the mTOR agonist, on ANGPT2-downregulated HSFs, partially reversed the influence of ANGPT2 knockdown on HSFs. Study limitations The study lacks the establishment of more stable in vivo animal models of HS for investigating the effects of ANGPT2 on HS formation in experimental animals. Conclusions ANGPT2 downregulation represses growth, migration, and ECM accumulation of HSFs via autophagy activation by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our study provides a novel potential therapeutic target for HS.

ABSTRACT Introduction Knee joint injury is a common sports injury and how to speed up the recovery process is a concern for all athletes. Objective Determine whether aquatic sports rehabilitation nursing can accelerate the rehabilitation process of knee joint injuries. Methods Thirty patients with knee ligament or meniscal injury were divided into an aquatic sports group and a control group. The control group assumed general recovery measures, while the aquatic exercise group was added another 8 weeks of rehabilitation nursing with aquatic exercises. The evolution of the degree of knee joint pain, knee joint range of motion, knee joint muscle strength and other indicators before and after the experiment were compared. Results After 8 weeks of intervention, pain and activities of daily living in the aquatic exercise group improved significantly compared with those before the experiment; the degree of recovery from knee joint injury in the aquatic exercise group was significantly better than that in the control group, and knee joint flexion range of motion, flexor and extensor muscle strength, and other indicators in the aquatic exercise group were significantly better than those in the control group. Conclusion Aquatic rehabilitation exercise can accelerate the recovery process of patients with knee joint injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La lesión de la articulación de la rodilla es una lesión deportiva común y acelerar el proceso de recuperación es una preocupación para todos los atletas. Objetivo Determinar si la enfermería de rehabilitación deportiva acuática puede acelerar el proceso de rehabilitación de las lesiones articulares de rodilla. Métodos Treinta pacientes con lesiones de ligamentos o meniscos de rodilla se dividieron en un grupo de deportes acuáticos y un grupo de control. El grupo de control asumió medidas generales de recuperación, mientras que al grupo de ejercicios acuáticos se le añadieron 8 semanas adicionales de enfermería de rehabilitación con ejercicios acuáticos. Se comparó la evolución del grado de dolor de la articulación de la rodilla, la amplitud de movimiento de la articulación de la rodilla, la fuerza muscular de la articulación de la rodilla y otros indicadores antes y después del experimento. Resultados Tras 8 semanas de intervención, el dolor y las actividades de la vida diaria en el grupo de ejercicio acuático mejoraron significativamente en comparación con los anteriores al experimento; el grado de recuperación de la lesión de la articulación de la rodilla en el grupo de ejercicio acuático fue significativamente mejor que el del grupo de control, y la amplitud de la flexión de la articulación de la rodilla, la fuerza muscular flexora y extensora y otros indicadores en el grupo de ejercicio acuático fueron significativamente mejores que los del grupo de control. Conclusión El ejercicio de rehabilitación acuática puede acelerar el proceso de recuperación de los pacientes con lesiones articulares de rodilla. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução A lesão articular do joelho é uma lesão esportiva corriqueira e a maneira de acelerar o processo de recuperação é uma preocupação para todos os atletas. Objetivo Determinar se a enfermagem de reabilitação esportiva aquática pode acelerar o processo de reabilitação das lesões nas articulações do joelho. Métodos Trinta pacientes com lesão ligamentar ou meniscal do joelho foram divididos em grupo de esportes aquáticos e grupo de controle. O grupo de controle assumiu medidas gerais de recuperação, enquanto ao grupo de exercícios aquáticos acrescentou-se mais 8 semanas de enfermagem de reabilitação com exercícios aquáticos. Comparou-se a evolução do grau de dor na articulação do joelho, a amplitude de movimento da articulação do joelho, a força muscular da articulação do joelho e outros indicadores antes e depois da experiência. Resultados Após 8 semanas de intervenção, a dor e as atividades das atividades de vida diária no grupo de exercícios aquáticos melhoraram significativamente em comparação com aquelas antes do experimento; o grau de recuperação da lesão da articulação do joelho no grupo de exercícios aquáticos foi significativamente melhor do que o do grupo controle, e a amplitude de flexão da articulação do joelho, a força muscular flexora e extensora e outros indicadores no grupo de exercícios aquáticos foram significativamente melhores do que os do grupo controle. Conclusão O exercício de reabilitação aquática pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de pacientes com lesões articulares no joelho. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract The objective and accurate evaluation of wheat quality is the key to ensuring the safety of wheat storage. Due to the complexity and variability of wheat quality, traditional methods, such as the evaluation of single physical and chemical index, have the problems of insufficient information and poor differentiation of fuzzy intervals. Based on grey systems theory, this paper proposes a new comprehensive wheat quality grading model. Firstly, eight physical and chemical indices are selected as the factor set of the evaluation model, and the key quality indices are analyzed and screened by principal component analysis (PCA). The entropy weight method (EWM) is then used to measure the importance of the contribution of selected indices to wheat quality information. Finally, the grey evaluation model is then used to determine the grey correlation of the evaluation levels of different batches of wheat, and to rank the superiority and inferiority. The model is applied to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of wheat samples, verifying the feasibility and validity of the model and providing some theoretical guidance for the evaluation of wheat quality.

ABSTRACT Introduction The continuous growth of COVID-19 has harmed sports competitions. Although the existing method of non-opening to spectators is very effective for preventing and controlling COVID-19, it will also seriously blow the sports economy’s development. Objective Explore the safety of sports competition under the influence of COVID-19 to realize sports practice in a safe and regulated condition. Methods Firstly, the current public’s willingness to participate in the competition was analyzed by questionnaire survey. Then, using the literature search method, this paper discusses the safety needs of sports competitions under the normalization of the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the research area at the present stage. Results By completely controlling the crowd shift rule and skillfully controlling the crowd pace, the transmission risk in the competition process can be effectively reduced. Conclusion The relevant departments and stadium managers should fully analyze the current epidemic prevention and control needs and strengthen spectator safety management in the study area in combination with regional characteristics and the actual spectator situation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El continuo crecimiento del COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto negativo en las competiciones deportivas. Aunque el método actual de no abrir para los espectadores es muy eficaz para la prevención y el control del COVID-19, también supondrá un duro golpe para el desarrollo de la economía deportiva. Objetivo Explorar la seguridad de la competición deportiva bajo la influencia del COVID-19, para llevar a cabo la práctica deportiva en condiciones seguras y reguladas. Métodos En primer lugar, se analizó la disposición del público actual a participar en el concurso mediante una encuesta por cuestionario. A continuación, utilizando el método de búsqueda bibliográfica, este trabajo analiza las necesidades de seguridad de las competiciones deportivas en el marco de la normalización de la prevención y el control del COVID-19 en el ámbito de la investigación en la etapa actual. Resultados Si se controla completamente la regla de desplazamiento de la multitud y se controla hábilmente el ritmo de la multitud, se puede reducir eficazmente el riesgo de transmisión en el proceso de competición. Conclusión Los departamentos competentes y los gestores de los estadios deben analizar a fondo las necesidades actuales de prevención y control de epidemias y reforzar la gestión de la seguridad de los espectadores en la zona de estudio en combinación con las características regionales y la situación real de los espectadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução O crescimento contínuo da COVID-19 tem tido um impacto negativo sobre as competições esportivas. Embora o método existente de não-abertura aos espectadores seja muito eficaz para a prevenção e controle da COVID-19, ele também trará um sério golpe ao desenvolvimento da economia esportiva. Objetivo Explorar a segurança da competição esportiva sob a influência da COVID-19, de forma a realizar a prática esportiva em uma condição segura e regulamentada. Métodos Primeiramente, a disposição do público atual para participar da competição foi analisada por meio de pesquisa por questionário. Em seguida, utilizando o método de pesquisa bibliográfica, este trabalho discute as necessidades de segurança das competições esportivas sob a normalização da prevenção e controle da COVID-19 na área de pesquisa na presente fase. Resultados Controlando completamente a regra do deslocamento da multidão e controlando habilmente o ritmo da multidão, o risco de transmissão no processo de competição pode ser efetivamente reduzido. Conclusão Os departamentos e gerentes de estádios pertinentes devem analisar plenamente as necessidades atuais de prevenção e controle de epidemias e fortalecer a gestão da segurança dos espectadores na área de estudo em combinação com as características regionais e a situação real dos espectadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Objectives The mid-palatal expansion technique is commonly used to correct maxillary constriction in dental clinics. However, there is a tendency for it to relapse, and the key molecules responsible for modulating bone formation remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation contributes to osteoblast-mediated bone formation during palatal expansion and relapse. Methodology In total, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into Ctrl (control), E (expansion only), and E+Stattic (expansion plus STAT3-inhibitor, Stattic) groups. Micro-computed tomography, micromorphology staining, and immunohistochemistry of the mid-palatal suture were performed on days 7 and 14. In vitro cyclic tensile stress (10% magnitude, 0.5 Hz frequency, and 24 h duration) was applied to rat primary osteoblasts and Stattic was administered for STAT3 inhibition. The role of STAT3 in mechanical loading-induced osteoblasts was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red staining, and western blots. Results The E group showed greater arch width than the E+Stattic group after expansion. The differences between the two groups remained significant after relapse. We found active bone formation in the E group with increased expression of ALP, COL-I, and Runx2, although the expression of osteogenesis-related factors was downregulated in the E+stattic group. After STAT3 inhibition, expansive force-induced bone resorption was attenuated, as TRAP staining demonstrated. Furthermore, the administration of Stattic in vitro partially suppressed tensile stress-enhanced osteogenic markers in osteoblasts. Conclusions STAT3 inactivation reduced osteoblast-mediated bone formation during palatal expansion and post-expansion relapse, thus it may be a potential therapeutic target to treat force-induced bone formation.

ABSTRACT The commercial exploitation of personal information has raised concerns regarding privacy, illegal data use, and information security, among others. Therefore, personal data protection systems (PDPS) play a significant role, and corporations are the primary enforcers of these systems’ regulation. However, PDPS require significant investment from companies, and there is no consensus regarding the economic outcomes of establishing these systems. This study investigates whether the establishment of PDPS affects short-term financial performance and long-term corporate value. After applying the propensity score matching method, a dataset comprising 912 firm-year observations of e-commerce companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2020 was selected. The results show that PDPS implementation can improve a company’s short-term financial performance by a) exploring markets and strengthening internal control and b) increase long-term corporate value by strengthening corporate social responsibility. This study offers insights for companies to proactively implement PDPS and strengthen their management of personal data, thereby boosting the overall corporate value. In addition, this study can help governments to develop legislation on national information security and enhance international cooperation, especially for emerging markets.

RESUMEN La información personal se explota comercialmente para crear valor. Sin embargo, surgen problemas como las filtraciones de la privacidad personal, el uso ilegal de los datos y la preocupación por la seguridad de la información. Las empresas son las principales encargadas de aplicar la normativa de los sistemas de protección de datos personales (PDPS). Sin embargo, como el establecimiento de los PDPSs requieren una inversión significativa, muchas empresas tienen dificultades para establecer estos sistemas por iniciativa propia. No existe una conclusión unificada sobre las consecuencias económicas del establecimiento de los PDPSs. Este trabajo investiga si el establecimiento de los PDPSs afecta a los resultados financieros a corto plazo y al valor de la empresa a largo plazo. Después de aplicar el método de emparejamiento de puntuación de propensión, se seleccionó un conjunto de datos que comprende observaciones anuales de 912 empresas de comercio electrónico que cotizan en las bolsas de Shanghái y Shenzhen desde 2008 hasta 2020. Los resultados muestran que la implementación del PDPS puede mejorar el rendimiento financiero a corto plazo de una empresa mediante la exploración de los mercados y el fortalecimiento del control interno, y aumentar el valor corporativo a largo plazo mediante el fortalecimiento de la responsabilidad social corporativa. Este estudio presenta importantes aclaraciones para que las empresas implementen proactivamente los PDPSs y refuercen su gestión de los datos personales, impulsando así el valor corporativo global. Además, para los gobiernos, este estudio puede facilitar activamente la conceptualización de la legislación para mantener la seguridad de la información nacional y mejorar la cooperación internacional, especialmente para los mercados emergentes.

RESUMO A exploração comercial de informações pessoais tem levantado questões como privacidade, uso ilegal de dados e segurança da informação. Nesse sentido, os sistemas de proteção de dados pessoais (SPDP) têm um papel relevante e as empresas são as principais responsáveis pela aplicação das regras que governam esses sistemas. Os SPDP, entretanto, demandam investimentos significativos por parte das empresas, e ainda não há uma conclusão unificada sobre seus impactos econômicos. Assim, este estudo investiga se a implementação de SPDP nas empresas afeta seu desempenho financeiro em curto prazo e seu valor corporativo em longo prazo. Após a aplicação do método de pareamento por escore de propensão, um conjunto de dados composto por 912 empresas de comércio eletrônico listadas nas bolsas de valores de Xangai e Shenzhen entre 2008 e 2020 foi selecionado. Os resultados mostram que a implementação do SPDP pode melhorar o desempenho financeiro de uma empresa em curto prazo, explorando mercados, fortalecendo o controle interno e aumentando o valor corporativo em longo prazo por meio do fortalecimento da responsabilidade social corporativa. Este estudo apresenta esclarecimentos importantes para que as empresas implementem os SPDP de maneira proativa e fortaleçam sua gestão de dados pessoais, aumentando, assim, o valor da empresa como um todo. Além disso, os resultados dessa pesquisa pode ajudar governos a elaborar legislação voltada a segurança da informação nacional e a melhoria da cooperação internacional, especialmente para os mercados emergentes.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to compare the clinical value of carotid ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for carotid artery stenosis in patients with cerebral infarction. Sixty patients with cerebral infarction underwent carotid ultrasound and DSA. Carotid artery stenosis, degree of stenosis (mild, moderate, severe, and occlusion), and carotid artery plaques were recorded and compared. Carotid stenosis rate was 96.67 % (58/60) and 91.67 % (55/60) on DSA and carotid ultrasound, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. Mild, moderate, and severe carotid artery stenosis and occlusion were diagnosed in 35, 28, 20, and 17 arteries, respectively, with DSA, and in 39, 25, 10, and 9 arteries, respectively, with carotid ultrasound. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of carotid stenosis between the two methods (p<0.05). The kappa value of carotid plaques detected by carotid ultrasound and DSA was 0.776, indicating good consistency. Both carotid ultrasound and DSA are effective for screening carotid artery stenosis and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. While carotid ultrasound is faster and more convenient, DSA can more accurately detect the degree of stenosis and presence of occlusion. Thus, our recommendation is a combination of carotid ultrasound and DSA in clinical settings to improve the convenience and accuracy of diagnosis.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el valor clínico de la ecografía carotídea y la angiografía por sustracción digital (DSA) para la estenosis de la arteria carótida en pacientes con infarto cerebral. Sesenta pacientes con infarto cerebral fueron sometidos a ecografía carotídea y DSA. Se registraron y compararon la estenosis de la arteria carótida, el grado de estenosis (leve, moderada, grave y oclusión) y las placas de la arteria carótida. La tasa de estenosis carotídea fue del 96,67 % (58/60) y del 91,67 % (55/60) en DSA y ecografía carotídea, respectivamente, y la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Se diagnosticaron estenosis y oclusión de la arteria carótida leve, moderada y grave en 35, 28, 20 y 17 arterias, respectivamente, con DSA, y en 39, 25, 10 y 9 arterias, respectivamente, con ecografía carotídea. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el grado de estenosis carotídea entre los dos métodos (p<0,05). El valor kappa de las placas carotídeas detectadas por ecografía carotídea y DSA fue de 0,776, lo que indica una buena consistencia. Tanto la ecografía carotídea como la DSA son eficaces para detectar la estenosis de la arteria carótida y las placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas. Si bien la ecografía carotídea es más rápida y conveniente, la DSA puede detectar con mayor precisión el grado de estenosis y la presencia de oclusión. Por lo tanto, nuestra recomendación es una combinación de ecografía carotídea y DSA en entornos clínicos para mejorar la conveniencia y precisión del diagnóstico.

Abstract Background: studies have shown that dietary factors are linked to female infertility, but the relation between dietary fiber consumption and infertility has not been proven. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether there is an independent association between dietary fiber intake and infertility in American women. Material and methods: a secondary analysis of the National Health and NUTRITION Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset has been conducted, covering three cycles from 2013 to 2018. A total of 3,497 participants were included in the data analysis. The independent and dependent variables of interest were dietary fiber intake and infertility. Covariates included sociodemographic, questionnaire, diet, and physical examination data. Multiple logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of dietary fiber intake with infertility. Results: each additional increase in log10 dietary fiber consumption was associated with a 32 % lower risk of infertility (OR, 0.68; 95 % CI, 0.48-0.96). The outcome is still robust in the minimally as well as the fully adjusted model. The possibility of a nonlinear association between dietary fiber intake and infertility was ruled out by the GAM model and smooth curve fitting. The RESULTS showed that there is an inverse linear correlation between dietary fiber intake and infertility. Conclusions: the association between intake of dietary fiber and infertility is linear, and increasing dietary fiber intake may be beneficial for lower infertility.

Resumen Antecedentes: el consumo de fibra dietética es un factor importante en la infertilidad femenina. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar si existe una relación independiente entre el consumo de fibra dietética y la infertilidad en las mujeres estadounidenses. Material y métodos: se realizó un análisis secundario del conjunto de datos de la encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición (NHANES), que abarcó tres ciclos entre 2013 y 2018. Se incluyeron 3497 participantes para el análisis de datos. Las variables independientes y dependientes asociadas fueron la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Las covariables incluyeron datos sociodemográficos, de los cuestionarios, dietéticos y médicos. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariada y un análisis de sensibilidad para determinar la relación entre el consumo de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Resultados: cada aumento log10 en el consumo de fibra dietética se asoció con una reducción del 32 % en el riesgo de infertilidad (OR: 0,68; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 0,48-0,96). En el modelo mínimo y totalmente ajustado, los resultados siguen siendo robustos. El modelo GAM y el ajuste de curvas suavizadas descartaron la posibilidad de una relación no lineal entre la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Los resultados muestran una correlación lineal negativa entre la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Conclusiones: se observó una relación lineal entre la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. El aumento de la ingesta de fibra dietética redujo la incidencia de la infertilidad.

Abstract The peritoneal effects of low-glucose degradation product (GDP)-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions have been extensively described. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of low GDP solution for PD patients, specifically the effect on residual renal function (RRF) and dialysis adequacy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Different databases were searched for RCTs that compared low GDP-PD solutions with conventional PD solutions in the treatment of PD patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The outcomes of RCTs should include RRF and may include small solute clearance, peritoneal transport status, nutritional status, and all-cause mortality. Seven studies (632 patients) were included. Compared with the conventional solution, low-GDP solution preserved RRF in PD patients over time (MD 0.66 mL/min, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99; p<0.0001), particularly in one year of treatment (p<0.01), and improved weekly Kt/V (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.17; p=0.0007) without an increased 4-hour D/Pcr (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; p=1.00). Notably, the MD of RRF and urine volume between the two groups tended to decrease as time on PD progressed up to 24 months. Patients using low GDP PD solutions did not have an increased risk of all-cause mortality (MD 0.97, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.88; p=0.93). Our meta-analysis confirms that the low GDP PD solution preserves RRF, improves the dialysis adequacy without increasing the peritoneal solute transport rate and all-cause mortality. Further trials are needed to determine whether this beneficial effect can affect long-term clinical outcomes.

Resumen Los efectos peritoneales de las soluciones de diálisis peritoneal (DP) que contienen productos de degradación bajos en glucosa (PIB) se han descrito ampliamente. Para evaluar sistemáticamente la eficacia y la seguridad de la solución de PIB bajo para pacientes en DP, específicamente el efecto sobre la función renal residual (RRF) y la adecuación de la diálisis, realizamos un metanálisis de los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) publicados. Se realizaron búsquedas en diferentes bases de datos de ECA que compararan la solución de DP de bajo PIB con la solución de DP convencional en el tratamiento de pacientes con EP con CAPD y APD. Los resultados de los ECA deben incluir la RRF y pueden incluir la depuración de solutos pequeños, el estado nutricional, el estado del transporte peritoneal y la mortalidad por todas las causas. Se incluyeron siete estudios (632 pacientes). En comparación con la solución convencional, la solución de bajo PIB preservó la FRR en pacientes con EP a lo largo del tiempo (DM 0,66 mL/min, IC del 95%: 0,34 a 0,99; p<0,0001), particularmente en un año de tratamiento (p<0,01), y mejoró el Kt/V semanal (DM 0,11, IC del 95%: 0,05 a 0,17; p = 0,0007), sin un aumento de D/Pcr a las 4 horas (DM 0,00, IC del 95%: -0,02 a 0,02; p = 1,00). Los pacientes que usaron una solución para DP con bajo contenido de GDP no tuvieron un mayor riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas (DM 0,97; IC del 95%: 0,50 a 1,88; p = 0,93). Nuestro metanálisis confirma que la solución de DP de bajo PIB preserva la FRR, mejora la adecuación de la diálisis sin aumentar la tasa de transporte peritoneal de solutos y la mortalidad por todas las causas. Se necesitan más ensayos para determinar si este efecto beneficioso puede afectar los resultados clínicos a largo plazo.

Abstract: Air quality plays a decisive role in the performance of the occupants of indoor spaces; it is estimated that 30% of a person's life corresponds to their academic training. This research aimed to determine if the ventilation systems in the Technological University of Panama buildings provide appropriate air quality for its students. We evaluated the ventilation performance in passive and mechanical mode; the dynamic interface DesignBuilder simulated case studies. The indicators used were CO2 concentration, indoor air renewal rates, and thermal comfort. The minimum requirements of Panamanian and international standards were used as a reference. The results showed insufficient natural ventilation due to thermal discomfort and high CO2 concentrations. In contrast, mechanical ventilation improved thermal comfort levels, but the CO2 concentration remained slightly outside acceptable limits. These results demonstrated that the buildings are not designed to operate passively, restricting their operation exclusively in mechanical mode.

Resumen: La calidad del aire juega un papel decisivo en el rendimiento de los ocupantes de espacios interiores; además, se estima que un 30% de la vida de una persona corresponde a su formación académica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si los sistemas de ventilación de los edificios de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá proveen una calidad de aire apropiada para sus alumnos, mediante la evaluación del desempeño de la ventilación en modo pasivo y mecánico; se utilizó la interfaz dinámica DesignBuilder para simular los casos de estudio. Los indicadores utilizados fueron la concentración de CO2, las tasas de renovación de aire interior y el confort térmico. Para esto se tomaron como referencia los requerimientos mínimos de la normativa panameña y normativas internacionales. Los resultados demostraron que el uso de ventilación natural resulta insuficiente debido a la inconformidad térmica y altas concentraciones de CO2. Por el contrario, el uso de ventilación mecánica mejoró los niveles de confort térmico pero la concentración de CO2 se mantuvo ligeramente fuera de límites aceptables. Estos resultados demostraron que los edificios no están diseñados para operar en modo pasivo, lo que restringe su operación exclusivamente en modo mecánico.

SUMMARY: The atlanto-occipital joint is composed of the superior fossa of the lateral masses of the atlas (C1) and the occipital condyles. Congenital Atlanto-occipital fusion (AOF) involves the osseous union of the base of the occiput (C0) and the atlas (C1). AOF or atlas occipitalization/assimilation represents a craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) which can be accompanied by other cranial or spinal malformations. AOF may be asymptomatic or patients may experience symptoms from neural compression as well as limited neck movement. The myodural bridge (MDB) complex is a dense fibrous structure that connects the suboccipital muscular and its related facia to the cervical spinal dura mater, passing through both the posterior atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial interspaces. It is not known if atlas occipitilization can induce structural changes in the MDB complex and its associated suboccipital musculature. The suboccipital region of a cadaveric head and neck specimen from an 87-year-old Chinese male having a congenital AOF malformation with resultant changes to the MDB complex was observed. After being treated with the P45 plastination method, multiple slices obtained from the cadaveric head and neck specimen were examined with special attention paid to the suboccipital region and the CVJM. Congenital atlanto-occipital fusion malformations are defined as partial or complete fusion of the base of the occiput (C0) with the atlas (C1). In the present case of CVJM, unilateral fusion of the left occipital condyle with the left lateral mass of C1 was observed, as well as posterior central fusion of the posterior margin of the foramen magnum with the posterior arch of C1. Also noted was a unilateral variation of the course of the vertebral artery due to the narrowed posterior atlanto-occipital interspace. Surprisingly, complete agenesis of the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi) and the obliques capitis superior (OCS) muscles was also observed in the plastinated slices. Interestingly, the MDB, which normally originates in part from the RCPmi muscle, was observed to originate from a superior bifurcation within an aspect of the nuchal ligament. Therefore, the observed changes involving the MDB complex appear to be an effective compensation to the suboccipital malformations.

RESUMEN: La articulación atlanto-occipital está compuesta por las caras articulares superiores de las masas laterales del atlas (C1) y los cóndilos occipitales. La fusión atlanto-occipital congénita (FAO) implica la unión ósea de la base del occipucio (C0) y el atlas (C1). La FAO u occipitalización/asimilación del atlas representa una malformación de la unión craneovertebral (MUCV) que puede presentar otras malformaciones craneales o espinales. La FAO puede ser asintomática o los pacientes pueden experimentar síntomas de compresión neural así como movimiento limitado del cuello. El complejo del puente miodural (PMD) es una estructura fibrosa densa que conecta el músculo suboccipital y su fascia relacionada con la duramadre espinal cervical, pasando a través de los espacios intermedios atlanto-occipital posterior y atlanto-axial. No se sabe si la occipitilización del atlas puede inducir cambios estructurales en el complejo PMD y en la musculatura suboccipital. Se observó en la región suboccipital de un espécimen cadavérico, cabeza y cuello de un varón chino de 87 años con una malformación congénita de FAO con los cambios resultantes en el complejo PMD. Se examinaron múltiples cortes obtenidos de la muestra de cabeza y cuello después de ser tratados con el método de plastinación P45, con especial atención a la región suboccipital y la MUCV. Las malformaciones congénitas por fusión atlanto-occipital se definen como la fusión parcial o completa de la base del occipucio (C0) con el atlas (C1). En el presente caso de MUCV se observó la fusión unilateral del cóndilo occipital izquierdo con la masa lateral izquierda de C1, así como fusión posterior central del margen posterior del foramen magnum con el arco posterior de C1. También se observó una variación unilateral del curso de la arteria vertebral por el estrechamiento del espacio interatlanto-occipital posterior. Se observó además agenesia completa de los músculos Rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi) y oblicuos capitis superior (OCS) en los cortes plastinados. Curiosamente, se observó que el MDB, que normalmente se origina en parte del músculo RCPmi, se origina en una bifurcación superior dentro de un aspecto del ligamento nucal. Por lo tanto, los cambios observados en el complejo PMD parecen ser una compensación de las malformaciones suboccipitales.

This work aimed to clarity the influence of filler alloy on microstructures and properties of induction brazed Al/Cu joints. It was found that the alloying elements in the filler alloy changed the morphology and phase type of interfacial layer in the joint. Mg converted the native Al2O3 film into MgO and stopped the re-oxidation of aluminum. However, excessive Mg caused planar inter-metallic compounds (IMCs) to become wavy, which decrease the ductility of the joint. A suitable amount of Cu and Si removed residual oxide film and resulted in a thin planar IMCs layer, which is beneficial to Al/Cu joint. Al-8Si-4Cu-2Mg-1Ga-0.05Ce filler foil produced an excellent joint consisting of a 2μm Cu9Al4/CuAl2 planar layer and free from oxide film. The tensile strength of the joint is higher than that of aluminum. The bend angle is higher 130°. The electrical resistivity of the joint is lower than the theoretical value.