Nos últimos anos, diversas cultivares de azevém têm sido lançadas no mercado brasileiro, sendo necessário que estejam devidamente caracterizadas produtiva e morfofisiologicamente, para subsidiar a escolha do genótipo adequado a cada ambiente e sistema de produção. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar, em casade-vegetação, as características produtivas e morfofisiológicas de cultivares de azevém submetido a cortes. Os tratamentos consistiram de três cultivares diploides [Comum-RS (Lolium multiflorum), Pronto® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) e Conquest® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum)] e quatro tetraploides [INIA Titan® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum), Winter Star® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum), KLM 138® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum) e Banquet II® (Lolium perenne)], dispostas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituindo sete tratamentos, com seis repetições. Foram analisadas a massa de forragem, taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), área foliar (AF), razão de área foliar (RAF), razão de massa de folhas (RMF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), tempo para o primeiro corte e intervalo de cortes. Houve diferença para todas as variáveis citadas. Maior massa de forragem foi observada para a cultivar INIA Titan®, bem como maiores RAF, RMF, AFE, TAL e TCR, para a cultivar Pronto®, e maior TCA, para Banquet II®. A cultivar Pronto® apresentou produção precoce (51 dias até o primeiro corte) e rápido rebrote (11 dias de intervalo de corte) e a INIA Titan® rápido rebrote (15 dias de intervalo de corte), aliado a elevada massa de forragem.

In recent years, various ryegrass cultivars have been released in the Brazilian market, but it is necessary to make a proper characterization of their productive and morpho-physiological traits, in order to support the choice of the most appropriate genotype for each environment and production system. This study aimed to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, the productive and morphophysiological traits of ryegrass cultivars, under pruning. Treatments consisted of three diploid [Comum-RS (Lolium multiflorum), Pronto® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) and Conquest® (Lolium multiflorum var. Italicum)] and four tetraploid cultivars [INIA Titan® (Lolium multiflorum var. Italicum), Winter Star® (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum), KLM 138® (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum) and Banquet II® (Lolium perenne)], in a completely randomized design, totaling seven treatments, with six replications. The variables evaluated were forage weight, absolute growth rate (AGR), leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), specific leaf area (SLA), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), time for the first pruning and pruning intervals. Significant differences were observed for all variables. The INIA Titan® cultivar showed the highest forage weight, while the LAR, LWR, SLA, NRA and RGR were higher for the Pronto® cultivar and the AGR was higher for the Banquet II® cultivar. The Pronto® cultivar presented early yield (51 days until the first pruning) and fast regrowth (11 days for pruning interval) and the INIA Titan® rapid regrowth (15 days for pruning interval) combined with high forage weight.

This study evaluated the correlation between measurements of rib-eye areas of sheep carcasses by traditional methods and those obtained by scanned images. Thirty pictures of the longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep carcasses were drawn on tracing paper and analyzed for muscle area (rib-eye) using four methods: scanned images, which utilizes the software DDA -Determinador Digital de Áreas (Digital Area Determiner); measurements "A" and "B" applied to the equation: (A/2 × B/2) × π; Planimeter method and rib-eye grid method. All rib-eye area figures were measured five times by each method, setting up a completely randomized experiment with four treatments and five replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey test, Pearson correlation and linear regression by the SAS software. Easiness and difficulties perceived by the evaluators in the performance of each method were also recorded. The method of scanned images analyzed by the software DDA showed high correlation with the methods traditionally used, and can be considered feasible to determine carcass rib-eye area, with the advantage of being easy to operate, flexible, and economical.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested rat connective tissue response to RealSeal, RealSeal primer or AH Plus after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats had subcutaneous sockets created on their back and received four implants each of polyethylene tubes containing one of the materials tested according to the groups: AH (AH Plus Sealer); RS (RealSeal Sealer); RP (RealSeal Primer); CG (control group - empty tube). After histological processing, sections were analyzed to identify the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and giant cells, as well as fibrous capsule and abscesses, by an examiner using light microscope. Kruskal-Wallis and multiple-comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate scores significantly higher than those of the control group were observed at 14 and 60 days in AH group, and at 90 days in RS group (p<0.05). There were no differences in terms of presence of macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, neutrophils or fibrosis. AH Plus group scored higher for abscesses at 7 days than after any other period (p=0.031). RP group scored higher for lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at 14 days than at 90 days (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The main contribution of this study was to demonstrate that issues involved with tissue tolerance of a Resilon-containing sealer, RealSeal Sealer, cannot be attributed to its primer content.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: As mudanças morfológicas nas artérias espiraladas no leito placentário têm sido exaustivamente estudadas na fisiopatologia da pré-eclâmpsia, moléstia esta que está entre as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e perinatal. Segundo estudos, o vasoespasmo generalizado e os danos endoteliais representam as principais alterações fisiopatológicas da pré-eclâmpsia. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a microdensidade vascular no leito placentário nas gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia comparado às gestantes normotensas e possíveis repercussões maternas e perinatais. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia e gestantes normotensas submetidas à operação cesariana por indicações clínicas e obstétricas realizado no Departamento de Obstetrícia da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, no período de 1º de novembro de 2003 a 30 de novembro de 2004. MÉTODO: 34 gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia e 26 gestantes normotensas foram submetidas à biópsia na área central do leito placentário para exame imunoistoquímico, usando o antígeno CD 34 para avaliar a microdensidade vascular em ambos os grupos, comparando-os. RESULTADOS: Biópsia do leito placentário contendo artérias espiraladas de 34 gestantes com hipertensão e proteinúria e 26 gestantes normotensas. Foi realizada a contagem das artérias nos segmentos decidual e miometrial. A microdensidade vascular foi menor nas gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia quando comparadas às grávidas normotensas e a microdensidade foi diminuindo progressivamente à medida que os níveis pressóricos foram mais elevados bem como os níveis de proteinúria. CONCLUSÃO: As gestantes portadoras de hipertensão e proteinúria têm microdensidade vascular diminuída no leito placentário, agravada pelos níveis pressóricos e proteinúria, provavelmente diminuindo o aporte de oxigênios e nutrientes ao concepto.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Morphological changes in the spiral arteries of the placental bed have been studied in patients with preeclampsia, one of the largest causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The reports show that vasospasm and vascular endothelial injury were two major pathological conditions for preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to investigate the microvessel density of spiral arteries in the placental bed, in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and proteinuria, and in normal pregnancies. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional survey of immunohistochemical studies on biopsies from the spiral arteries of the placental bed, among women undergoing cesarean sections for clinical and obstetrical reasons at Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Placental bed biopsies were obtained during cesarean section after placenta removal, with direct viewing of the central area of placenta insertion. The microvessel density of spiral arteries was measured by immunohistochemical methods in decidual and myometrial segments, using CD34 antibody. RESULTS: Biopsies containing spiral arteries were obtained from 34 hypertensive pregnant women with proteinuria, and 26 normotensive pregnant women. The microvessel densities in decidual and myometrial segments of the placental bed were compared between the groups. It was observed that, with increasing blood pressure and proteinuria, the microvessel density gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: The presence of high levels of hypertension and proteinuria may be associated with a progressive decrease in microvessel density in the placental bed.

Este trabalho descreve os efeitos dentoesqueléticos e periodontais da expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), avaliados por meio da tomografia computadorizada (TC), em uma jovem de 11,6 anos de idade com má oclusão de Classe I e mordida cruzada posterior unilateral funcional. Durante a fase ativa da ERM, o expansor dentossuportado com parafuso Hyrax foi ativado 7mm. A paciente submeteu-se ao exame de TC helicoidal, antes da expansão e após a remoção do aparelho expansor, findo o período de três meses de contenção. Realizaram-se cortes axiais, de um milímetro de espessura, paralelamente ao plano palatino, englobando as regiões dentoalveolar e basal da maxila, até o terço inferior da cavidade nasal. Utilizando-se o recurso de reconstruções multiplanares, mensuraram-se pelo método computadorizado: as dimensões transversas maxilares, a inclinação dos dentes posteriores, a espessura das tábuas ósseas vestibular e lingual, e o nível da crista óssea alveolar vestibular. A expansão rápida da maaxila ocasionou um significante aumento transverso em todas as regiões aferidas, com magnitude decrescente do arco dentário para a base óssea. Os dentes posteriores foram movimentados para vestibular, com um componente de inclinação e translação associados. Tal efeito ortodôntico ocasionou uma redução na espessura da tábua óssea vestibular, e um concomitante aumento na espessura da tábua óssea lingual. Após a expansão, observou-se o desenvolvimento de deiscências ósseas por vestibular dos dentes de ancoragem.

This paper presents a computed tomography (CT) evaluation of rapid maxillary expansion dentoskeletal and periodontal effects, in a 11.6 year-old girl presenting Class I malocclusion with posterior unilateral crossbite. The tooth-borne expander with Hyrax screw was activated 7-mm. The patient was submitted to helicoidal CT scan before expansion and after the three-month retention period when the expander was removed. Axial sections with 1-mm thickness were performed parallel to the palatal plane, comprising dentoalveolar and basal areas of maxilla, up to the inferior third of the nasal cavity. Multiplanar reconstruction was employed for achievement of the following measurements by means of the computerized method: maxillary transverse dimensions, posterior teeth inclination, buccal and lingual bone plates thickness, and buccal alveolar crest level. The rapid maxillary expansion yielded a significant transverse increase in all areas measured, of decreasing magnitude from dental arch to basal bone. Posterior teeth were moved in buccal direction, which was associated to both inclination and translation. This orthodontic effect produced a buccal bone plate thickness redution and a lingual bone plate thickness increase. After expansion, bone dehiscences were observed on supporting teeth buccal aspect.

A prototipagem, método de reconstrução de segmentos do corpo humano através de programas de computação, tem sido usada na neurocirurgia para reproduzir o crânio de pacientes permitindo a programação de atos cirúrgicos e a produção de próteses para reconstruir falhas ósseas no crânio. Apresentamos dois casos de cranioplastia realizadas com o uso de próteses de acrílico construídas por prototipagem. Após 10 meses de acompanhamento, os pacientes não apresentaram sinais de infecção e apresentam bom resultado estético. As vantagens apontadas na literatura para este método (redução do tempo cirúrgico, facilidade técnica e bom resultado estético) foram observadas.

The prototyping is a method for reconstruction of human body segments by computer software. It has been used in neurosurgery for cranial reproduction in patients allowing the programming of surgical procedures and the production of prosthesis to reconstruct bone failures in the skull. We present two cases of cranioplasty performed with the use of acrylic prosthesis constructed by prototyping. After 10 months of follow-up, they donot present signs of infection and show good aesthetic result. The advantages pointed at the literature for this method (reduction of surgical time, easy technical handle, and good aesthetic result) were confirmed.