Abstract Jalisco is one of the main honey bee producing states in Mexico. However, information on the parasitoses that affect the productivity of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the state is limited and addresses only a few regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of two parasitic diseases of Apis mellifera -varroosis (Varroa destructor) and nosemosis (Vairimorpha spp.)- in six regions of Jalisco. Bees from 365 colonies collected during the spring were analyzed. Varroosis was the most frequent parasitosis (90 %), and nosemosis was the least frequent (15 %). The infestation or infection levels of these parasitoses were generally low: <5 % (mites per 100 bees) for varroosis, and <310,000 spores/bee for nosemosis. The regions with the highest prevalence and intensity of V. destructor were the Highlands, the Center, and the South, while infections by Vairimorpha ceranae -the only species of the fungus found- were significantly higher in the Southeastern and Southern regions. It is advisable to carry out epidemiological studies at other times of the year in order to detect possible seasonal effects of parasitoses for the purpose of designing strategies for their control.

Resumen Jalisco es uno de los principales estados productores de miel de abejas en México. Sin embargo, la información sobre parasitosis que afectan la productividad de las colonias de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) en el estado es limitada y de pocas regiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia e intensidad de dos enfermedades parasitarias de Apis mellifera, varroosis (Varroa destructor) y nosemosis (Vairimorpha spp.), en seis regiones de Jalisco. Se analizaron abejas de 365 colonias colectadas durante la primavera. La varroosis fue la parasitosis más frecuente (90 %) y la nosemosis la menos frecuente (15 %). Los niveles de infestación o infección de las parasitosis fueron en general bajos. Para varroosis, <5 % (ácaros en 100 abejas) y para nosemosis, <310,000 esporas/abeja. Las regiones con mayor prevalencia e intensidad de V. destructor fueron Altos, Centro y Sur, mientras que las infecciones por Vairimorpha ceranae, la única especie del hongo encontrada, fueron significativamente más altas en las regiones Sureste y Sur. Se recomienda realizar estudios epidemiologicos en otras épocas del año para detectar posibles efectos estacionales de las parasitosis para diseñar estrategias para su control.

Resumen: Evaluar si los sistemas de instrumentación de lima única, como WaveOne Gold y Reciproc son efectivos para reducir la carga microbiana de un biofilm mixto y la limpieza del tercio apical, comparado con los sistemas de limas múltiples, como Twisted File Adaptive. Setenta raíces mesiales de primeros y segundos molares fueron incluidos y divididos de forma aleatoria en tres grupos experimentales (n=20, n=10 controles). El biofilm fue formado en el interior de los conductos durante 31 días. Después se instrumentó con los sistemas de lima única (WaveOne Gold y Reciproc) y el sistema de limas múltiples Twisted File Adaptive, usando hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5% en todos los casos. El conteo de unidades formadoras de colonias se realizó usando diluciones seriales, la limpieza del tercio apical se evaluó empleando el microscopio electrónico de barrido. La comparación entre grupos se realizó con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas, de acuerdo con la distribución normal y no normal de los datos, respectivamente. No hubo una diferencia significativa en la reducción de la carga microbiana después de emplear los sistemas de lima única en comparación a los de limas múltiples, además, la limpieza del tercio apical fue similar en los 3 diferentes sistemas de instrumentación. Los sistemas de lima única son igual de efectivos para reducir la carga microbiana comparados con los sistemas de limas múltiples.

Abstract: To evaluate whether the WaveOne Gold and Reciproc single file instrumentation systems, are effective in reducing the microbial load of a mixed biofilm and the cleaning of apical third compared to the Twisted File Adaptive system (multiple- file system). Seventy mesial roots of the first and second molars were included and randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=20, n=10 controls). Biofilms were formed inside canals over 31 days. After instrumentation with the unique file systems, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc and the multiple file system Twisted File Adaptive, using 2.25% sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant in all cases, a count of colony forming units was performed using serial dilutions, cleaning of the apical third was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons amongst groups were made by using parametric and non-parametric statistics, according to a normal or non-normal data distribution, respectively. No significant differences in the reduction of the microbial load after employing a single-file system in comparison to the multiple-file system were found; in addition, the cleaning of the apical third was similar for the three different instrumentation systems. The single-file system is equal in effectiveness compared with the multiple-file system in reducing the microbial load.

Abstract The article debates around the results of a qualitative study that explores, from the account of social workers, the conceptions and reflexive mediations that these professionals make of the situations they address and that support their practice. The object is the recognition of the modes of social intervention in social scenarios crossed by the presence of social and health crises, which limit face-to-face attendance and intensify the use of technologies (ICT). It is proposed as specific objectives, to recognize how they characterize the context of the intervention and the way in which their work means when incorporating ICT.

Resumen El artículo debate en torno a los resultados de un estudio cualitativo que explora, desde el relato de trabajadores sociales, las concepciones y mediaciones reflexivas que hacen estos profesionales de las situaciones que abordan y que fundamentan su práctica. El objetivo es el reconocimiento de los modos de intervención social en escenarios sociales atravesados por la presencia de crisis sociales y sanitarias, que limitan la presencialidad e intensifican el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). Se plantea como objetivos específicos reconocer cómo caracterizan el contexto de la intervención y la forma en que significan su quehacer al incorporar las TIC.

ABSTRACT The family context has an influence on the development and personal well-being, even greater during the adolescence. On this basis, it is sought to analyze the satisfaction of 592 students of Secondary Education regarding their family and life context. To this end, the Family Satisfaction Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used. Through descriptive analyses, contrasts between groups, and correlational analyses, the results presented are positive, although they highlight the need to reinforce issues such as flexibility, adaptability, and the way conflicts are addressed among the members of the family and, on the other hand, pay special attention to the group of adolescents who consider that they do not have a good life, wish a different life or perceive that they do not have what they want in life.

RESUMEN El contexto familiar influye en el desarrollo y bienestar personal, cuestión aún más notable durante la adolescencia. Bajo esta premisa, se busca analizar la satisfacción de 592 alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria respecto a su ámbito familiar y vital. Para ello, se emplearon la Family Satisfaction Scale y la Escala de Satisfacción Vital. Mediante análisis descriptivos, contrastes entre grupos y análisis correlacionales se presentan unos resultados generales positivos, aunque ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de reforzar cuestiones como la flexibilidad, la adaptabilidad y la forma en que se abordan los conflictos en la familia y, por otro lado, prestar especial atención al grupo de adolescentes que consideran no tener una buena vida, desean una vida distinta o perciben que no tienen lo que quieren en la vida.

RESUMO O contexto familiar influencia o desenvolvimento e o bem-estar pessoal, questão ainda mais marcante na adolescência. Sob esta premissa, procurámos analisar a satisfação de 592 estudantes do Ensino Secundário Obrigatório no que diz respeito ao seu ambiente familiar e de vida. Para este fim, foram utilizadas a Escala de Satisfação da Família e a Escala de Satisfação da Vida. Através de análises descritivas, contrastes entre grupos e análises correlacionais, os resultados gerais são positivos, embora sublinhem a necessidade de reforçar questões como a flexibilidade, a adaptabilidade e a forma como os conflitos são tratados na família e, por outro lado, de prestar especial atenção ao grupo de adolescentes que consideram que não têm uma boa vida, desejam uma vida diferente ou percebem que não têm o que querem na vida.

Resumen Antecedentes: Aunque los pacientes con enfermedad celiaca (EC) tienen en su mayoría manifestaciones digestivas, algunos pueden presentarlas de índole extraintestinal (atípicas), como anemia crónica, ataxia y trastornos de la fertilidad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos relacionados con EC en mujeres mexicanas con trastornos de la fertilidad. Material y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles de mujeres que acudieron a valoración por trastornos de la fertilidad en un centro especializado. Se cuantificó h-tTG IgA, gliadina IgA II y gliadina IgG II; los títulos > 30 UI fueron considerados como positivos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 171 casos y 171 controles; 137 pacientes (80.1 %) tuvieron infertilidad y 34 (19.9 %), esterilidad. Ocho pacientes (4.6 %, IC 95 % = 2.3-8.9) tuvieron al menos un marcador positivo para EC comparadas con una mujer del grupo control (0.5 %, IC 95 % = 0.01-3, p = 0.04, razón de momios = 8.3). Seis de las ocho pacientes presentaron infertilidad inexplicable. Conclusiones: Hasta 4.6 % de las mujeres con infertilidad presentó al menos un marcador positivo para EC. Al igual que en otras partes del mundo, podría recomendarse el escrutinio para EC en mujeres con infertilidad, en especial en quienes padecen infertilidad inexplicable.

Abstract Background: Although most patients with celiac disease (CD) have digestive manifestations, in some of them they may be of extraintestinal (atypical) nature, such as chronic anemia, ataxia, and fertility disorders. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CD-related antibodies in Mexican women with fertility disorders. Material and methods: Case-control study of women who attended evaluation for fertility disorders in a specialized center. h-tTG-IgA, gliadin IgA II and gliadin IgG II were quantified; titers > 30 IU were considered positive. Results: One-hundred and seventy-one cases and 171 controls were included; 137 patients (80.1%) had infertility, and 34 (19.9%), sterility. Eight patients (4.6%, 95% CI = 2.3-8.9) had at least one positive marker for CD in comparison with one woman in the control group (0.5%, 95% CI = 0.01-3, p = 0.04, odds ratio = 8.3). Six of the eight patients had unexplained infertility. Conclusions: Up to 4.6% of women with infertility had at least one positive marker for CD. As in other parts of the world, screening for CD could be recommended in women with infertility, especially in those with unexplained infertility.

Abstract There are several investigations on the use of food waste to remove contaminants by adsorption. However, a simple route, without chemical activation reagents, is needed for the development of adsorbents. The aim of this study was to develop an adsorbent from plantain peel, using a simple procedure, and to evaluate its capacity to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions at phosphate concentrations similar to those of water sources at risk of eutrophication (0.30 mg/L). The simple pyrolysis method was used in an electric muffle, without chemical activation, using plantain peel as precursor. The variables evaluated were pyrolysis temperature and solution pH. The specific surface area BET, zero loading point of the developed treatments, was determined. Phosphate adsorption was studied in a batch experiment in the presence of calcium ions in solution. Phosphate adsorption was favorable at all three pyrolysis temperature levels (500, 600 and 700 °C) and two solution pH levels (pH 7 and 10). the pseudo-second order kinetic model was the best fit for the experimental data to describe the adsorption mechanism. The best fit to the experimental equilibrium data was obtained with the Langmuir isotherm model. It was found that a 1 g/L dose of the adsorbent was able to reduce 92% of phosphate in water, with a removal capacity 0.14 mg/g at pH 10 and pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C. This study lays the groundwork for future research on the use of this type of adsorbent in water treatment to facilitate access to clean water for rural populations.

Abstract Rhodococcus is a pathogen that is known to cause infections in animals and humans, mainly in cases of immunocompromised patients. A case of a pediatric cancer patient suffering from a bloodstream infection caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides was described in this work. Gram positive rods were isolated from blood cultures. The target bacterium was identified using a combination of biochemical tests, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique, and the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence. Moreover, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the E-test. The isolated bacterium was identified as R. corynebacterioides. The 3-year-old patient was successfully treated with vancomycin and meropenem. This is the first published report of R. corynebacterioides in a pediatric patient diagnosed with retinoblastoma that developed a bloodstream infection. R. corynebacterioides should be considered among the opportunistic infectious agents affecting pediatric cancer patients.

Resumen Adoptar un Sistema ERP puede convertirse en una tarea que no necesariamente conlleve al éxito. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión sistemática de literatura considerando el Modelo de Aceptación Tecnológica (TAM) en una exhaustiva búsqueda en 11 bases de datos científicas, aplicando el método PRISMA. Se obtuvieron 341 artículos en total, y de estos, 53 fueron considerados como elegibles. Para cuantificar los resultados, se utilizó la herramienta Iramuteq sobre R para ejecutar el análisis de texto. Se concluye que los factores relevantes por considerar en una implementación de un ERP se resumen en la ansiedad computacional, para las cuales algunas estrategias han sido identificadas en la literatura, como un adecuado programa de formación para el usuario final, documentación, condiciones de facilitación técnica, influencia social, y motivadores organizacionales.

Abstract Adopting an ERP system could become a task that does not necessarily lead to success. In this work, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature considering the technology acceptance model (TAM) in an exhaustive search of 11 scientific databases, applying the PRISMA method. A total of 341 articles were obtained, and 53 were selected as eligible. The Iramuteq tool under R was applied to perform text analysis to quantify the results. We conclude that the relevant factors to consider in implementing an ERP become the mitigation of computational anxiety. The literature identifies some strategies, such as adequate end-user formation programs, documentation, technical facilitation conditions, social influence, and organizational motivators.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess how ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstocks affected the duration of phenological phases, thermal demand, and chemical evolution throughout production cycle of the ‘BRS Vitória’ table grape cultivated in subtropical conditions. The duration of the following phenological stages was measured in days after pruning throughout two production seasons: budburst, flowering, setting, veraison, and harvest date. The thermal demand was determined using the degree-day concept. Titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and the maturation index were all measured throughout berry maturation. In general, the rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’ increased vine precocity in comparison to ‘Paulsen 1103’ during the early phenological phases. However, the vines grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’ were earlier in the later phases, that is, at the veraison and at the harvest date, when compared to those grafted on the rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’. Under subtropical conditions, the total cycle period of the ‘BRS Vitória’ vine varied from 131 to 143 days, with thermal demands ranging from 1,545 to 1,725 DD. In comparison to the ‘IAC 572’ and the ‘IAC 766’, the ‘Paulsen 1103’ supplied the berries with a higher accumulation of soluble solids and a higher maturation index.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’ e ‘Paulsen 1103’ quanto à duração dos estádios fenológicos, à demanda térmica e à evolução química ao longo do ciclo de produção da uva ‘BRS Vitória’, cultivada em condições subtropicais. Durante dois ciclos de produção, foi quantificado, em dias após a poda, a duração das fases fenológicas: brotação, pleno florescimento, frutificação, início da maturação e data de colheita. A demanda térmica total foi calculdada utilizando-se do conceito de graus-dias. Durante a maturação das bagas, foram avaliados o pH, a acidez titulável, os teores de sólidos solúveis e o índice de maturação. De maneira geral, nos estádios fenológicos iniciais, os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’ e ‘IAC 766’ promoveram precocidade às videiras em relação ao ‘Paulsen 1103’. Contudo, nas fases finais, ou seja, no ínicio da maturação e na colheita, as videiras enxertadas sobre o ‘Paulsen 1103’ foram mais precoces quando comparadas às cultivadas sobre os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’ e ‘IAC 766’. A duração completa do ciclo da videira ‘BRS Vitória’, em condições subtropicais, variou de 131 a 143 dias, com demandas térmicas variando de 1.545 a 1.725 GD. O ‘Paulsen 1103’ propiciou às bagas maior acúmulo de sólidos solúveis e maior índice de maturação em relação ao ‘IAC 572’ e ao ‘IAC 766’.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The search for efficiency in health care for the population signifies a priority for each level of care, so it is vital to identify the elements allowing continuous improvement in institutions. Knowledge management is used for this purpose and it has been studied along with other variables such as organizational culture, leadership and the availability and use of information and communication technologies. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of knowledge management with these variables in primary addiction care centers in Northwest Mexico. Methods: A questionnaire (α = .977) was applied to 80 health professionals who worked in these institutions. Positive, large and significant relationships were found among knowledge management and leadership (r = .816, p < .001) and among knowledge management and organizational culture (r = .802, p < .001). However, positive and moderate correlation was found with the information and communication technologies variable. Conclusions: It is concluded that in primary addiction care centers in Northwest Mexico, organizational culture and leadership are considered the most important factors to contribute to the success of knowledge management, mainly in the acquisition and transfer of knowledge. It is important to consider in future studies the social and economic benefits of using knowledge management in organizational decision making.

RESUMEN Introducción: La búsqueda de la eficiencia en la atención a la salud de la población representa una prioridad para cada uno de los niveles de atención, por lo que es vital identificar los elementos que permitan una mejora continua en las instituciones. La gestión del conocimiento es utilizada para tal fin y se ha estudiado a la par de otras variables como: la cultura organizacional, el liderazgo y la disponibilidad y el uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación de la gestión del conocimiento con estas variables en centros de atención primaria a las adicciones del noroeste de México. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario (α = .977) a 80 profesionales de la salud que laboraban en esas instituciones. Se encontraron relaciones positivas, grandes y significativas entre la gestión del conocimiento y el liderazgo (r = .816, p <. 001) y entre la gestión del conocimiento y la cultura organizacional (r =. 802, p <. 001). Sin embargo, se encontró una correlación positiva y moderada con la variable tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Conclusiones: Se concluye que en los centros de atención primaria a las adicciones del noroeste de México la cultura organizacional y el liderazgo se consideran los factores más importantes para contribuir al éxito de la gestión del conocimiento, principalmente en la adquisición y la transferencia del conocimiento. Es importante considerar en estudios futuros los beneficios sociales y económicos de emplear la gestión del conocimiento en la toma de decisiones organizacionales.

Resumen: Introducción: Si bien la formación de enfermeros en Administración y Gestión tiene una importante repercusión en el presente y el futuro de la profesión, los métodos de enseñanza siguen siendo tradicionales en muchos casos. El aula invertida es un método ampliamente utilizado en la educación de enfermería, pero los estudios sobre su aplicación a la administración y gestión de enfermería son limitados. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante cuestionario anónimo (preguntas dicotómicas y abiertas). Resultados: El 92 % de los estudiantes se mostró satisfecho con la metodología de enseñanza y el 92,9 % con la evaluación. Solo el 31,5 % lo había usado anteriormente, pero al 83 % le gustaría usarlo en más sujetos. Los estudiantes demostraron que la metodología utilizada había mejorado su opinión sobre el contenido y había aumentado su percepción útil del mismo. Conclusión: Los estudiantes participantes han demostrado estar satisfechos con el método de aula invertida. Estas estrategias de enseñanza pueden ayudar a motivar a los estudiantes de enfermería hacia la asignatura de Administración y Gestión de los Servicios de Enfermería, lo que puede animarlos a realizar una formación de posgrado y una práctica profesional en esta área.

Abstract: Introduction: Although the training of nurses in administration and leadership has an important repercussion on the present and the future of the profession, teaching methods are still traditional in many cases. Flipped classroom is a widely used method in nursing education but studies about its application to Nursing Administration and Management are limited. Method: Qualitative study by means of anonymous survey (dichotomous and open questions). Results: 92 % of students were shown to be satisfied with the teaching methodology and 92.9 % with the assessment. Only 31.5 % had used it previously but 83 % would like to use it in more subjects. The students showed that the methodology used had improved their opinion about the content and had increased their perception its usefulness. Conclusion: The participating students have been shown to be satisfied with flipped method and continuous assessment. These teaching strategies can help motivate nursing students towards the subject of Nursing Administration and Management, which can encourage them to pursue postgraduate training and professional practice in this area

Resumo: Introdução: Embora a educação de Enfermagem em Administração e Gestão tenha um grande impacto no presente e futuro da profissão, os métodos de ensino continuam a ser tradicionais em muitos casos. A sala de aula invertida é um método amplamente utilizado na educação em Enfermagem, mas os estudos sobre a sua aplicação à Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem são limitados. Método: Estudo qualitativo utilizando um questionário anônimo (perguntas dicotômicas e abertas). Resultados: 92% dos estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com a metodologia de ensino e 92,9% com a avaliação. Apenas 31,5% já o tinha utilizado antes, mas 83% gostariam de utilizá-lo em mais assuntos. Os estudantes mostraram que a metodologia utilizada havia melhorado a sua opinião sobre o conteúdo e aumentado a sua percepção útil do conteúdo. Conclusão: Os estudantes participantes mostraram-se satisfeitos com o método invertido e com a avaliação contínua. Estas estratégias de ensino podem ajudar a motivar os estudantes de Enfermagem para a disciplina de Administração e Gestão de Enfermagem, o que pode encorajá-los a empreender uma educação de pós-graduação e prática profissional nesta área.

Abstract There are high incidences of epilepsy and autism in the preschool and school ages, in which the synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis are more active, a primary interruption of the synaptic function due to injury or genetic mutation may result in the appearance of both pathologies as in Lennox Gastaut S., De Aircadi S, epilepsy with continuous slow waves during sleep and Landau Kleffner S. There is evidence of abnormal brain maturation in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Normal pruning eliminates faulty connections and optimizes neuronal functioning. In autism, this pruning would result in degrees of anatomical “over-connectivity” that increases or decreases the efficiency of communication between cortical regions. The same occurs with axonal myelination that affects integrated interregional cortical communication and synchronization. Critical and vulnerable mechanisms are appreciated during the peri-neonatal period, with subsequent stabilization of the synapses to form pre-designed neural networks through genetic mechanisms and modified by environmental factors. There are anomalies in different proteins that modulate the first phase of synaptogenesis, mutations in protocadherins, cadherins, and abnormalities in glutamatergic and GABAergic systems that affect the brain. All these aspects are critical for learning, language, and memory in both autism and epilepsy.

Resumen Se presentan altas incidencias de epilepsia y autismo en el preescolar y escolar, edades en las que la plasticidad sináptica y sinaptogénesis es más activa, una interrupción primaria de la función sináptica por lesión o mutación genética puede resultar en aparición de ambas patologías como en S. Lennox-Gastaut, S. De Aircadi, Epilepsia con ondas lentas continuas durante el sueño y el S. de Landau Kleffner. Existe evidencia de maduracion anormal del cerebro en TEA. La poda normal elimina conexiones defectuosas y optimiza el funcionamiento neuronal. En autismo, esta poda daría lugar a grados de “sobreconectividad” anatómica que aumentan o disminuyen la eficiencia de la comunicación entre regiones corticales. Igual ocurre con la mielinización axonal que afecta la comunicación cortical interregional integrada y sincronización. Mecanismos críticos y vulnerables durante el período peri-neonatal, con posterior estabilización de las sinapsis para constituir redes neuronales prediseñadas mediante mecanismos genéticos y modificadas por factores ambientales. Existen anomalías en diversas proteínas que modulan la primera fase de la sinaptogénesis, mutaciones en las protocadherinas, cadherinas y anomalias en sistemas glutamatergicos y gabaergicos que afectan el cerebro. Todos estos aspectos son críticos para el aprendizaje, lenguaje y memoria tanto en autismo como epilepsia.

RESUMO A Organização Internacional do Trabalho tem feito grandes esforços para divulgar e promover o diálogo social entre os seus membros, considerando-o central para o "trabalho digno" e porque implica a democratização das relações laborais. Contudo, a imprecisão do conceito gerou uma série de problemas que tornam difícil avaliar a sua implementação, resultados e comparação entre diferentes regimes laborais e escalas geográficas. Este estudo procura contribuir para definir as componentes ontológicas do diálogo social através de uma análise conceptual de artigos publicados no Índice de Citação de Ciências Sociais, diferenciando-o assim de outros fenómenos no mundo do trabalho. Os resultados sugerem que o diálogo social é a expressão última do continuum imposição-participação, cujas componentes ontológicas são a representatividade, o processo dialógico e um resultado deliberativo.

RESUMEN La Organización Internacional del Trabajo ha hecho grandes esfuerzos en divulgar y promover al diálogo social entre sus miembros al considerarlo central para el “trabajo decente” y porque supone la democratización de las relaciones de trabajo. Sin embargo, la imprecisión del concepto ha generado una serie de problemáticas que dificultan la evaluación de su implementación, resultados y comparación entre diferentes regímenes laborales y escalas geográficas. El presente estudio busca contribuir en definir los componentes ontológicos del diálogo social mediante un análisis de conceptos de los artículos publicados en la Social Sciences Citation Index, y así, diferenciarlo de otros fenómenos propios del mundo del trabajo. Los resultados sugieren que el diálogo social es la máximo expresión del continuo imposición-participación, cuyos componentes ontológicos son la representatividad, el proceso dialógico y un resultado deliberativo.

ABSTRACT The International Labor Organization has made a great effort to spread and promote social dialogue among its members because they consider it a key element of "decent work" and in the democratization of labor relations. However, the inexactitude of the concept has generated a series of problems that make it difficult to evaluate its application, results and the comparison between different labor regimes and geographic scales. This study seeks to contribute to define the ontological components of social dialogue through the conceptual analysis of articles published in the journal of the citation index of social sciences, and thus differentiate it from other labor relations phenomena. The results suggest that social dialogue is the maximum expression in the axis of imposition-participation, whose ontological components are representativeness, the dialogical process and deliberative results.

ABSTRACT Currently, there is a need in the food industry for natural preservatives that have good consumers acceptance. Natural antimicrobials are a novel alternative, effective in controlling microbial growth, and safe to consume. Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria that is currently used as a preservative in several food products. In Chile, nisin is regulated and restricted as an additive to cheeses and natural creams or curds. However, other food products could benefit from using nisin as a preservative, such as plant-based mayonnaise, where the consumer expects to find natural preservatives. In this review, we make a theoretical analysis of how adding nisin to plant-based mayonnaise would impact the daily intake of this additive in the Chilean population. Finally, we compare this data with the acceptable daily intake for nisin to conclude that there is an opportunity for using nisin as a preservative in plant-based mayonnaise without affecting consumers´ health.

RESUMEN Actualmente, existe una necesidad en la industria alimentaria de buscar preservantes de origen natural que tengan una mejor aceptación por el consumidor. Una alternativa interesante que ha emergido en los últimos años es el uso de antimicrobianos naturales, los cuales además de ser efectivos en el control de microorganismos, son inocuos para la salud. La nisina es una bacteriocina producida por bacterias ácido lácticas que se utiliza actualmente como preservante en varios productos alimenticios. En Chile, el uso de la nisina como aditivo está restringido a quesos y cremas naturales o nata cuajada, pero existen otros alimentos que podrían beneficiarse del uso de este preservante, como es el caso de los aderezos tipo mayonesa vegetal. En el presente trabajo, se analiza de manera teórica, como el uso de nisina en estos aderezos impactaría el consumo máximo permitido para este aditivo en la población chilena. Para esto, se analizó cuál es el consumo teórico actual de nisina en Chile, y cómo este se vería afectado si se utilizara nisina como preservante en aderezos tipo mayonesa vegetal. Finalmente, los datos obtenidos se compararon con el valor de ingesta diaria admisible (IDA) para la nisina, evidenciándose que existe una ventana de oportunidad para el uso de nisina en otros productos alimenticios.

Resumen The objective of the development of the mobile application in education inclusion is the transformation of the teacher's discourse in real time, providing a tool that helps in the teaching-learning process of students with hearing disabilities, favoring inclusion in the academic process, improving the access to opportunities and finally, the quality of life. Therefore, the information transmitted to the non-hearing person, each phrase or word spoken in which voice recognition is made, it is sent in text synchronously using a cellphone, offering support in teaching between the hearing-impaired student and the teacher in the classroom. The research focus is quantitative and descriptive - exploration type. In addition, the application was developed under the Android mobile operating system since it currently provides with a free and open software development environment. Finally, it is significant to implement strategies with ICT since it is a key point in the coexistence of virtual society through the ListenApp application.

Abstract El objetivo del desarrollo de la aplicación móvil en la inclusión educativa es la transformación del discurso del docente en tiempo real, proporcionando una herramienta que ayude en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva, favoreciendo la inclusión en el proceso académico, mejorando el acceso a oportunidades y finalmente, la calidad de vida. De esta manera, la información transmitida hacia la persona no oyente, cada frase o palabra pronunciada en la cual se hace el reconocimiento de voz, se envía en texto sincrónicamente por medio del uso de un celular, ofreciendo un apoyo en la enseñanza entre el estudiante con discapacidad auditiva y el docente en el aula de clase. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-exploratorio. Además, la aplicación se desarrolló bajo el sistema operativo móvil Android, ya que actualmente brinda un entorno de desarrollo de software libre y abierto. Finalmente, es significativo implementar estrategias con las TIC, ya que es un punto clave en la convivencia de la sociedad virtual a través de la aplicación ListenApp.