Abstract In 2001, 150 tons of tannery waste was incorporated in the soil as a source of organic matter on the Monte Alegre Farm. This waste, which originates from the tannery industry and contains high chromium concentrations, was irregularly used as a soil fertilizer by farmers to produce mangoes, sugarcane, coffee, oranges, corn and lemons, contaminating the soils. This irregular application of tannery waste also contaminated stream sediment and bioaccumulated in some aquatic macroinvertebrate. The present study aims to collect current information about the aquatic macroinvertebrate community to make a comparison between chromium contamination in the Monte Alegre stream sediment with a study carried out in 2007 in the same place. The aquatic macroinvertebrate community was collected from April to September 2017 using an Ekman-Birge grab at two sampling points: one point at the forested area (Upstream Point) and another near the place of the contaminated soil (Downstream Point). Sediment samples were collected to analyze chromium concentration. The current concentration of chromium in the downstream point (impacted area) was higher than that obtained in 2007. The community metrics confirm that the taxonomic structure and diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community to the Monte Alegre stream were affected by chromium. The results suggest that the environmental impact was maintained after ten years.

Abstract The use of agrochemicals in agriculture may impact aquatic ecosystems, particularly influencing the stream insect communities. Among aquatic insects, the family Chironomidae is the most abundant and species-diverse insect group found in freshwater ecosystems. However, in the southern hemisphere, studies with Chironomidae are still sparse, compared to Europe and North America. The present study evaluates the responses of Chironomidae species (Insecta: Diptera) to pyrimethanil fungicide in a mesocosm experiment. Water contamination and chironomid community were monitored over 10 months. After five months of monitoring, the pyrimethanil fungicide was completely degraded and there was a statistically significant increase in the Margalef Richness and Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) in the control units when compared with the contaminated mesocosms (p = 0.003). Our results point out that the utilization of agrochemicals can be a harmful factor influencing negatively the Chironomidae populations. This finding has key implications for insect conservation strategies and ecological management environments.

Resumo: Este trabalho buscou o levantamento de espécies e informações sobre a distribuição da Classe Oligochaeta em reservatórios amostrados na Rede de Monitoramento da Qualidade de Sedimentos da CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo). Sendo assim, este estudo objetivou inventariar a fauna de oligoquetos para expandir o conhecimento de ecologia e distribuição deste grupo em reservatórios no Estado de São Paulo. Foram realizadas 90 réplicas em 12 reservatórios no estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2014 a 2016, utilizando amostradores van Veen ou Ponar na região sublitoral, e Ekman-Birge na região profunda. Foram inventariados 28 táxons, pertencentes às famílias Naididae e Opistocystidae. As espécies Dero righii e Pristina longisoma, foram registradas pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo, Nais magnaseta e Spirosperma velutina foram identificadas pela primeira vez no Brasil. Os resultados apresentados aqui tornam este inventário de suma importância para o conhecimento da distribuição dos oligoquetos aquáticos em todo o território brasileiro.

Abstract: This work sought the survey of species and information about the distribution of the Class Oligochaeta in reservoirs sampled in the Sediment Quality Monitoring Network of CETESB (Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo). As such, this study aimed to inventory the limnic oligochaetes fauna to expand knowledge of the ecology and distribution of this group in reservoirs in the state of São Paulo. Ninety replicates were performed in 12 reservoirs in the state of São Paulo between 2014 and 2016, using van Veen or Ponar samplers in the sublittoral region, and Ekman-Birge in the deep region. Twenty-eight taxa were inventoried, belonging to the families Naididae and Opistocystidae. The species Dero righii and Pristina longisoma were recorded for the first time in São Paulo State, Nais magnaseta and Spirosperma velutina were first recorded in Brazil. The results presented here make this inventory extremely important for understanding the distribution of aquatic oligochaetes throughout the Brazilian territory.

Resumo: Comunidades de oligoquetos constituem importante componente em ambientes de água doce, onde sua abundância e composição podem indicar aspectos relacionados à qualidade da água e do sedimento. A carência de informações sobre estas comunidades em ambientes aquáticos brasileiros, bem como a aplicação de espécies nativas como bioindicadores de ambientes lóticos estimularam o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho. Assim, o objetivo foi estudar a comunidade de oligoquetos aquáticos em trechos selecionados do Rio Juruena (MT), gerando subsídios para futuras ações de monitoramento ambiental em ecossistemas lóticos. Métodos: Para isso foram analisadas amostras efetuadas em intervalos bimestrais durante o período de janeiro a novembro 2009, em trechos do Rio Juruena (Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Amazonas) localizado no Estado de Mato Grosso (MT). Para coleta dos organismos foram utilizados dois métodos: a) rede em "D" em pequenos agrupamentos de macrófitas fixas no sedimento nas margens do rio; e b) draga Ekman-Birge em sedimento arenoso. Os resultados preliminares 584 organismos distribuídos em 22 táxons. Dentre estes, foram identificadas 22 espécies válidas. Esse número corresponde aproximadamente 25% das espécies de oligoquetos aquáticos registradas no Brasil. Destas espécies, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Dero nivea e Pristina rosea podem ser associadas à condições de enriquecimento orgânico e/ou algum nível de degradação ambiental.

Abstract: Oligochaeta assemblages are important components in freshwater environments, where their abundance and composition may indicate aspects related to water quality and sediment. The lack of information about these communities in Brazilian aquatic environments, as well as the application of native species as bioindicators of lotic environmental, stimulated the conception of this paper. Thus, the aim was to study the community of aquatic Oligochaeta in selected stretches of the Juruena River (MT), thereby generating grounds for future environmental monitoring action in lotic ecosystems. For this purpose, samples were analyzed at bimonthly intervals during the period from January to November 2009, in stretches of the Juruena River (Amazon River Basin) located in the State of Mato Grosso (MT). Two methods were used to collect the organisms: a) "D" network in small clusters of fixed macrophytes in the sediment on the river banks; and b) Ekman-Birge dredge in fine sediment. Preliminary results were 584 organisms distributed in 22 taxa. Of these, 22 valid species were identified. This number corresponds to approximately 25% of the aquatic oligochaete species registered in Brazil. Of these species, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Dero nivea and Pristina rosea can be associated with organic enrichment conditions and/or some level of environmental degradation.

ABSTRACT Epibiosis was understood as a commensalism relation between two or more organisms. However, some studies have shown that epibionts can cause deleterious effects to their host. Here, we reported the first report of epibiosis between protozoa Epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) living on larvae of Ephemeroptera from Brazil.

OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo analisou a influência do cultivo de banana sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos de córregos localizados na região sul do Estado de São Paulo em áreas de Mata Atlântica (quatro em áreas com cultivo de banana e quatro localizados em áreas preservadas); MÉTODOS: As coletas da fauna foram realizadas no período de outubro a novembro de 2005. Os macroinvertebrados foram coletados com amostrador tipo Surber e rede D, ambos com malha de 0,25 mm em áreas de corredeira e remanso; RESULTADOS: No total, foram coletados 3609 macroinvertebrados pertencentes a 57 famílias, sendo 45 nos córregos florestados e 46 nos locais de cultivo da banana. Gripopterygidae, Perlidae, Leptophlebiidae, Leptoceridae, Helicopsychidae, e Palaemonidae foram mais abundantes nos córregos preservados, enquanto Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae e Baetidae foram mais abundantes nos córregos localizados em áreas de plantações de banana. A diversidade, a riqueza e os índices comunitários responderam às características do uso de terra analisados. A análise de Cluster, utilizando-se UPGMA e Simpson como medida de similaridade, aplicada sobre a fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos, apontou para dois agrupamentos, sendo um localizado em áreas com cultivo de banana e outro localizado na área preservada. O teste de similaridade (ANOSIM) aplicado aos dois agrupamentos também apontou para diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre as duas áreas; CONCLUSÕES: Esta atividade agrícola, apesar de apresentar pouca influencia para a riqueza de espécies, parece influenciar na estrutura da comunidade de macroinvertebrados de córregos de baixa ordem da região da Mata Atlântica modificando os arranjos faunísticos.

AIMS: The present study describes the influence of banana plant cultivation on macroinvertebrate communities of streams located in the southeastern region of São Paulo state in the Atlantic Forest (four located in areas of banana cultivation and four in preserved areas); METHODS: Sampling was performed during October and November of 2005. The fauna was collected with Surber sampler and a D-aquatic net (both with mesh of 0.25 mm) in rapids and backwaters. Simultaneously, an environmental characterization of each stream was made; RESULTS: In total, 3,609 individuals were collected, distributed in 57 families, in which 45 were in forested streams and 46 in the banana plantation sites. Gripopterygidae, Perlidae, Leptophlebiidae, Leptoceridae, Helicopsychidae and Palaemonidae were abundant in forested streams, while Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae and Baetidae were abundant in the streams located in banana cultivation areas. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) with Simpson similarity measurement applied to the fauna of all streams evidenced the differences between forested and banana plantation streams. An analysis of similarity applied to both situations also pointed to significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two areas; CONCLUSIONS: This agricultural activity, although did not influence species richness patterns, seems to influence the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in low order streams in the Atlantic Forest region.

The aim of this work was to study the contamination by chromium in the sediments of the Monte Alegre stream and in the larvae of Odonata and the possible impact caused by them on the stream macroinvertebrates community. It was found that chromium contaminated the sediments and the aquatic biota. Although, the stream macroinvertebrates community structure did not appear to be modified.

Streams located in areas of sugar cane cultivation receive elevated concentrations of metal ions from soils of adjacent areas. The accumulation of metals in the sediments results in environmental problems and leads to bioaccumulation of metal ions by the aquatic organisms. In the present study, bioaccumulation of the metals ions Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in aquatic insects in streams impacted by the sugar cane was evaluated. The results pointed out that the insects were contaminated by the sediment and that the collector organisms as Chironomus species accumulated higher concentration of metals than the predator organisms.

No Estado de São Paulo, a cultura de cana-de-açúcar tem se expandido significativamente nos últimos 15 anos, sendo este o maior produtor nacional com uma produção anual de 200.10(6) t em uma área de 2.5. 10(6) ha. O cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, aliado ao problema da devastação das matas ciliares tem ocasionado impactos sobre os recursos hídricos das áreas adjacentes. Nesse estudo foi avaliada a influência da atividade canavieira sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos de 11 córregos sobre diferentes usos da terra. Análises do sedimento (matéria orgânica e metais) e da água complementaram o estudo. Noventa e seis táxons de macroinvertebrados foram coletados, sendo 54 de Chironomidae e 42 de outros macroinvertebrados. Os córregos localizados em áreas com atividade canavieira e pastagens, apresentaram uma baixa variedade faunística com predomínio de larvas de Chironomidae (78% do total). Ao contrário, os córregos localizados em áreas com vegetação ripária apresentaram uma rica fauna aquática com menor participação de larvas de Chironomidae (60% do total)

The aim of this work was to study the influence of the sugar cane cultivation on the macroinvertebrate communities of 11 streams under different land uses. Analysis of the sediment (organic matter contents and metals) and water complemented the study. Ninety six macroinvertebrates taxa were identified, of which 54 were Chironomidae and 42 of other aquatic macroinvertebrates. The streams located in the areas of sugar cane culture and pasture presented low taxa and a great participation of Chironomidae (78% of the total). In contrast, the streams located in the areas with riparian vegetation presented a rich aquatic fauna with less participation of Chironomidae (60% of the total).

Duas espécies de Goeldichironomus foram criadas em condições de laboratório (21ºC -26ºC), com alimento para peixes do tipo TetraMin® e alimento para aves Avemicina Purina®, para se obter informações bionômicas e analisar a viabilidade de cultivo para fins de bioensaios. As massas ovígeras das duas espécies, foram mantidas em placas de Petri até a eclosão das lárvulas. A duração média do desenvolvimento larval até a emergência dos adultos foi de 28 (23-34) dias para Goeldichironomus maculatus Strixino & Strixino, 1991 e 20 (18-22) dias para Goeldichironomus luridus Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 2005. Os estádios larvais para as duas espécies foram determinados através da relação entre o tamanho da cabeça e o tamanho do corpo. Essas medidas foram usadas para determinar as curvas de crescimento e estimar a taxa de crescimento diário das duas espécies. As criações ocorreram de forma satisfatória, com rápido crescimento larval e baixa taxa de mortalidade, mas, não houve acasalamento em condições de laboratório.

Two species of Goeldichironomus were reared under laboratory conditions (21ºC -26ºC) with food supply of TetraMin® and Avemicina Purina®, fish food and bird food, to obtain bionomic information and to analyze culture rearing viability. The egg masses of the two species were maintained in petri dishes. The average development duration from egg to adult emergence was 28 (23-34) days for Goeldichironomus maculatus Strixino & Strixino, 1991 and 20 (18-22) days for Goeldichironomus luridus Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino, 2005. The larval instars of both species were determinated by the relationship between head capsule and body length sizes. These measures were used for the estimation of the growth curves and daily development rates of the species. The rearing has occurred satisfactorily, with fast growth and low mortality, but did not have copulation in laboratory conditions.

Sugar cane cultivation in the State of São Paulo has expanded in the last years, with an annual production of 200•10(6) t in an area of 2.5• 10(6) hectares. The use of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers in sugar cane plantations, together with deforestation of riparian vegetation, have caused impacts on the hydric resources of the adjacent areas. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of sugar cane plantations on streams in the central region of the State of São Paulo, studying 16 organochlorinated compounds and 7 metals (Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cr and Ni) found in the sediments of 11 streams. The results show that there is a higher concentration of metals and organochlorinated compounds in streams without riparian vegetation when compared to forested areas.

A ocorrência de oligochaeta vivendo sobre Odonata é relatada pela primeira vez. Foram encontrados Nais variabilis (Piguet, 1906) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) e Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) vivendo sobre Elasmothemis cannacrioides (Calvert, 1906) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) e sobre Mnesarete (Cowley, 1934) (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae).

The occurrence of oligochaetes species living on larvae of Odonata is reported for the first time. There were found Nais variabilis (Piguet, 1906) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) and Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) living on Elasmothemis cannacrioides (Calvert, 1906) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) and on Mnesarete (Cowley, 1934) (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae).