SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the degree of urbanization influences the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Brazilian indigenous people. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in northeastern Brazil and includes individuals aged between 30 and 70 years from two specific indigenous groups who volunteered to participate in the study: the Fulni-ô people (lowest degree of urbanization) and the Truká group (greater degree of urbanization). Cultural and geographical parameters were used to characterize and measure the magnitude of urbanization. We excluded individuals with known cardiovascular disease or renal failure who required hemodialysis. Chronic kidney disease was defined as a single measurement of an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation. RESULTS: A total of 184 indigenous people from the Fulni-ô group and 96 from the Truká group with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range: 15.2) were included. We found a chronic kidney disease rate of 4.3% in the total indigenous population, generally affecting an older population: 41.7% over 60 years old (p<0.001). The Truká people had a chronic kidney disease prevalence of 6.2%, with no differences in kidney dysfunction across age groups. The Fulni-ô participants had a chronic kidney disease prevalence of 3.3%, with a higher proportion of kidney dysfunction in older participants (of the six Fulni-ô indigenous people with chronic kidney disease, five were older). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a higher degree of urbanization seems to negatively influence the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Brazilian indigenous people.

Resumo O potássio é um nutriente que afeta o crescimento e a qualidade dos frutos do abacaxizeiro. O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de frutos em abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ submetido à aplicação de doses de potássio. O experimento foi realizado de maio de 2017 a novembro de 2018, em São Francisco do Itabapoana (RJ), Brasil. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de K2O: 0; 6; 12; 18 e 24 g planta-1, aplicadas na forma de KCl, parceladas em duas aplicações, após a indução floral. As massas frescas do fruto e da coroa, os diâmetros do fruto e do cilindro central,os comprimentos do fruto e da coroa, a acidez titulável, os sólidos solúveis, a vitamina C, o pH do suco e a relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável foram avaliados. A adubação potássica promoveu maiores comprimento, diâmetro e massa de fruto. Os valores de acidez titulável, dos sólidos solúveis e da vitamina C aumentaram linearmente em função das doses de potássio. A adubação potássica promove a melhoria da qualidade dos frutos de abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ em condições de campo.

Abstract Potassium is a mineral nutrient that affects the growth and quality of pineapple fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of ‘Vitória’ pineapple fruits submitted to application of potassium doses. The experiment was carried out from May 2017 to November 2018, in the municipality of São Francisco do Itabapoana (RJ), Brazil. The design was randomized blocks, with four replicates. Treatments were five K2O doses: 0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 g plant-1, applied as KCl, split into two applications after flower induction. Fruit and crown fresh masses, fruit and crown diameters, fruit and crown lengths, titratable acidity, soluble solids, vitamin C, juice pH and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were evaluated. Potassium fertilization promoted greater fruit length, diameter and mass. Titratable acidity, soluble solids and vitamin C values increased linearly as a function of potassium doses. Potassium fertilization improves the quality of ‘Vitória’ pineapple fruits under field conditions.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a influência das deficiências de macronutrientes e de boro nas características físico-química dos frutos de abacaxizeiro da cultivar Vitória. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (solução completa, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S e -B) e seis repetições. A condução do experimento foi de outubro de 2016 a março de 2018, e as variáveis avaliadas foram: massas frescas do fruto e da coroa, diâmetro do fruto, comprimentos do fruto e da coroa, volume e massa do suco, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), vitamina C, pH do suco e relação SS/AT. Todos os tratamentos com deficiência de nutrientes reduziram a massa fresca do fruto. Nos tratamentos -N e -Ca houve redução de 41,9 e 35,3%, respectivamente, na massa fresca da coroa. O diâmetro dos frutos sob deficiência de N, K e Mg, foi menor, já o comprimento do fruto, os sólidos solúveis e o pH do suco foram menores no tratamento deficiente em N. Deficiências isoladas de cada um dos macronutrientes e de B reduziram a massa fresca do fruto inteiro e do fruto sem coroa. O nutriente que mais limitou o tamanho e qualidade do fruto de abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ foi o nitrogênio.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of macronutrient and boron deficiencies on physico-chemical characteristics of pineapple fruits, ‘Vitoria’ cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight treatments (complete solution, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S and -B) and six replicates. The experiment was conducted from October 2016 to March 2018, and the variables evaluated were: fresh fruit and crown mass, fruit diameter, fruit and crown length, juice volume and mass, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), vitamin C, juice pH and SS/TA ratio. All treatments with nutrient deficiency reduced the fresh fruit mass. In treatments -N and -Ca there was a reduction of 41.9 and 35.3%, respectively, in the crown fresh mass. Fruits diameter under N, K and Mg deficiency was lower, fruit length, soluble solids and juice pH were lower in treatment with N deficiency. Isolated deficiencies of each of the macronutrients and B reduced the mass of the whole fruit and the crownless fruit. The nutrient that most limited the size and quality of ‘Vitoria’ pineapple fruit was nitrogen.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a expressão tecidual do gene de reparo MGMT comparando a mucosa cólica normal e neoplásica em doentes com câncer colorretal. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 44 portadores de adenocarcinoma colorretal confirmado por estudo histopatológico. Foram excluídos doentes suspeitos de pertencerem a famílias com câncer colorretal hereditário (HNPCC e PAF) e os portadores de câncer do reto médio e inferior submetidos a tratamento quimioradioterápico neoadjuvante. A expressão do gene MGMT foi avaliada pela técnica da reação de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real (RT-PCR). A comparação dos resultados encontrados para expressão do gene MGMT entre tecidos normais e neoplásicos foi feita pelo teste t de Student pareado, adotando-se nível de significância de 5% (p <0,05). RESULTADOS: A expressão tecidual do gene MGMT em todos os doentes foi menor no tecido neoplásico quando comparada a do tecido normal (p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: O gene de reparo MGMT encontra-se menos expresso no tecido neoplásico quando comparados aos tecidos normais em portadores de CCR esporádico.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of tissue repair gene MGMT by comparing normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We studied 44 patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by histopathology. We excluded patients suspected of belonging to families with hereditary colorectal cancer (HNPCC and FAP) and patients with cancer of the lower or medium rectum treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The MGMT gene expression was assessed by the technique of polymerase chain reaction in real time (RT-PCR). The comparison of results for MGMT gene expression between normal and neoplastic tissues was made by paired Student's t test, adopting a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). RESULTS: Tissue expression of the MGMT gene in all patients was lower in tumor tissue when compared to normal tissue (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The repair gene MGMT is less expressed in tumor tissue compared to normal tissues in patients with sporadic CRC.

Mobile access remains limited by relatively short battery power lifetime, expensive wireless bandwidth and areas with difficult or no continuous communication coverage. It is believed that as many as 70% of laptop users would operate in planned or non planned disconnected mode. Although existing approaches have led to implementing disconnected mode operation within applications, we chose to introduce changes to a mobile extension of the Internet transport protocol. We show through simulation that this protocol performs better than TCP. In order to evaluate disconnection parameters including disconnection and inter-disconnection times, a performance study of disconnection is presented. Finally we argue that disconnection is an important service and should therefore be considered as a Quality of Service (QoS) parameter to be negotiated among mobile and fixed communication entities.