ABSTRACT Introduction: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates weighing less than 1500 grams can be a cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Objective: To describe the behavior of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a neonatal service. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 61 neonates. Cytomegalovirus was detected in the first week of life in serum and urine, by polymerase chain reaction, to determine congenital infection. Perinatal variables were evaluated in all neonates, as well as clinical elements and results of complementary examinations in infected infants. Results: The incidence of congenital infection was 10% (6/61). 5% of the studies were positive (6/122). No urine samples were positive (0/61) and the virus genome was detected in 10% of serum samples (6/61). An association was found between nutritional assessment at birth and cytomegalovirus infection (p < 0.05). A total of 83% of infected neonates had some clinical sign, with respiratory distress syndrome being the most common (67%). In all neonates with congenital infection, brain ultrasound was normal, and retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 33% of patients with fundus retinopathy. Conclusions: The incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is high in this risk group. The clinical signs found and the results of the fundus in neonates with congenital infection were related to prematurity and the nutritional assessment of hypotrophic was associated with this infection.

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección congénita por el citomegalovirus en neonatos menores de 1500 gramos puede ser causa de morbilidad, mortalidad y discapacidad. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la infección congénita por citomegalovirus en un servicio de neonatología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 61 neonatos. Se les realizó detección de citomegalovirus en la primera semana de vida en suero y orina, mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, para determinar infección congénita. Se evaluaron variables perinatales en todos los neonatos, así como elementos clínicos y resultados de exámenes complementarios en los infectados. Resultados: La incidencia de infección congénita fue de un 10 % (6/61). El 5 % de los estudios fueron positivos (6/122). Ninguna muestra de orina resultó positiva (0/61) y en el 10 % de las muestras de suero (6/61) se detectó el genoma del virus. Se encontró asociación entre valoración nutricional al nacer e infección por citomegalovirus (p< 0,05). El 83 % de los neonatos infectados presentaron algún signo clínico y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria fue el más frecuente (67 %). En todos los neonatos con infección congénita el ultrasonido cerebral fue normal y en el 33 % se detectó retinopatía de la prematuridad en el fondo de ojo. Conclusiones: La incidencia de infección congénita por citomegalovirus es alta en este grupo de riesgo. Los signos clínicos encontrados y los resultados del fondo de ojo en neonatos con infección congénita se relacionaron con la prematuridad y la valoración nutricional de hipotrófico se asoció con esta infección.

ABSTRACT Species of the Amaranthus genus are very versatile and have potential for the application in the development of commercial products. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is an efficient tool that can help in the quality control of products, quickly and non-destructive to the sample. The goal of this study was to carry out the distinction of seed and oils of different Amaranthus species using the near infrared spectroscopy. Three species were used: A. viridis L., A. hybridus L. e Amaranthus sp. (commercial). The spectra acquired from the sample using the near infrared spectroscopy were submitted to the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and to the principal component analysis (PCA). Through PCA, it was possible to differentiate the Amaranthus species both for seeds and oils. Through PLS-DA, it was possible to predict the classes of the species with high degree of correct classification, with 96.67% of correct classifications for seeds and 98.89% for oil. Thus, with the use of the near infrared spectroscopy associated with the multivariate statistical analysis, it is possible to classify the different Amaranthus species, especially when using the oil.

Resumen Contexto: Los cirujanos de intervenciones mínimamente invasivas requieren ampliar la información para realizar las rutas de intervención, este artículo describe un prototipo de realidad mixta de carácter educativo o pre quirúrgico que hace uso del Casco Metavision Meta II. Se crearon objetos 3D de estructuras morfológicas para neurocirugía y laparoscopia a partir de imágenes obtenidas de resonancia magnética MRI y TAC de un paciente real, con el fin de simular el acceso al cerebro y hacer reconocimiento del área abdominal. Métodos: Este prototipo tiene un enfoque educativo cuyo objetivo es incentivar el reconocimiento de esquemas morfológicos de órganos, para lo cual se diseñaron tres pruebas. Estas pruebas consistieron en la búsqueda de tumores a través de la navegación y la interacción con un objeto exhibido en el casco de realidad mixta Meta 2. Para el área neurológica se dedicaron dos de las tres pruebas, en las dos primeras pruebas se midió el tiempo de búsqueda con cinco tumores, y para el área abdominal se realizó también una prueba para la búsqueda de dos tumores, diseñándose diversas interacciones en el recorrido espacial del objeto 3D generado, usando pantallas con despliegues de los cortes tomados de imágenes de tomografía computarizada. Posterior al desarrollo de las tres pruebas se realizó un proceso de medición de inmersión a partir del uso de un cuestionario. Resultados: El 100% de los usuarios encontró altamente interesante la aplicación, en tanto que el 90% expresó que intentó fijar su foco de atención en el desarrollo exitoso de la prueba, indicador del nivel de absorción de la aplicación. También el 70% de los usuarios describió su experiencia como de alto nivel de inmersión. Conclusiones: Las pruebas demostraron que el prototipo es usable, absorbente y tiene un nivel de inmersión aceptable.

Abstract Context: This article describes an educational or pre-surgical mixed-reality prototype using the Metavision Meta II headset. 3D objects of morphological structures for neurosurgery and laparoscopy were created from MRI and CT images of a real patient in order to simulate the access to the brain and conduct a reconnaissance of the abdominal area. Method: This prototype has an educational approach whose objective is to encourage the recognition of morphological schemes of organs, for which three tests were designed. These tests consisted of searching for tumors through navigation and interaction with an object displayed in the Meta 2 mixed-reality headset. Two of the three tests were dedicated to the neurological area, in which the search time was measured with five tumors, and a test was conducted for the abdominal area regarding the search of two tumors, designing various interactions in the spatial path of the generated 3D object. An immersion measurement process was conducted which was based on the use of a questionnaire. Results: 100% of users found the application highly interesting, while 90% expressed that they tried to focus their attention on the successful completion of the test, an indicator of the level of absorption of the application. Furthermore, 70% of users described their experience as highly immersive. Conclusions: Tests showed the prototype to be usable, absorbent, and has an acceptable level of immersion.

ABSTRACT This case report aims to show the anatomical and functional results of a patient diagnosed as having cancer-associated retinopathy treated with a controlled-release dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex). Anatomical outcomes were assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography; and functional outcomes, by measuring visual acuity, microperimetry, and mutifocal electroretinography. The follow-up period was 1 year.

RESUMO Este relato de caso tem como objetivo mostrar os resultados anatômicos e funcionais de um paciente com diagnóstico de retinopatia associada ao câncer tratado com implante de liberação controlada de dexametasona (Ozurdex®). Os resultados anatômicos foram avaliados por SD-OCT e os resultados funcionais por medida de acuidade visual, microperimetria e eletrorretinograma multifocal. O período de acompanhamento foi de um ano.

Resumo Resíduos de agrotóxicos que contaminam o meio ambiente circulam no ciclo hidrológico, podendo se acumular na cadeia alimentar e causar problemas tanto à saúde ambiental quanto humana. Por sua vez, microrganismos são bem conhecidos por sua versatilidade metabólica e capacidade de degradar substâncias quimicamente estáveis, incluindo xenobióticos recalcitrantes. O estudo atual se concentrou na bioprospecção nos solos da floresta amazônica para encontrar novas linhagens de fungos capazes de degradar com eficiência o herbicida onipresente na agricultura e no meio ambiente, o glifosato. Entre os 50 fungos isolados (usando meio de cultura suplementado com glifosato como única fonte de carbono), a maioria eram isolados do gênero Penicillium (60%) e os outros eram isolados de Aspergillus e Trichoderma (26 e 8%, respectivamente). Todos os 50 isolados de fungos foram capazes de usar glifosato como fonte de fósforo. Oito desses isolados cresceram melhor em meio suplementado com glifosato do que em meio Czapek Dox regular. LC-MS revelou que a degradação do glifosato por Penicillium 4A21 resultou nos metabólitos sarcosina e ácido aminometilfosfônico.

Abstract Pesticide residues that contaminate the environment circulate within the hydrological cycle can accumulate within the food chain and cause problems to both environmental and human health. Microbes, however, are well known for their metabolic versatility and the ability to degrade chemically stable substances, including recalcitrant xenobiotics. The current study focused on bio-prospecting within Amazonian rainforest soils to find novel strains fungi capable of efficiently degrading the agriculturally and environmentally ubiquitous herbicide, glyphosate. Of 50 fungal strains isolated (using culture media supplemented with glyphosate as the sole carbon-substrate), the majority were Penicillium strains (60%) and the others were Aspergillus and Trichoderma strains (26 and 8%, respectively). All 50 fungal isolates could use glyphosate as a phosphorous source. Eight of these isolates grew better on glyphosate-supplemented media than on regular Czapek Dox medium. LC-MS revealed that glyphosate degradation by Penicillium 4A21 resulted in sarcosine and aminomethylphosphonic acid.

ABSTRACT Black pepper is widely produced in Brazil, though there are few studies related to its water requirements and the effects of water deficit (WD) applied under tropical conditions. The growth, sensitivity to WD, and first-year productivity of irrigated plants from the Bragantina cultivar were evaluated, employing an irrigation system with automatic management. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots installed in the field for 391 days using emitters with different flow rates (2.2 [T1], 3.3 [T2], 4.3 [T3], and 5.3 L h–1 [T4 – control]). Fresh weight of the leaves, stems, and shoots, and dry weight of the leaves, stem, roots, and shoots as well as the total dry weight of the plant, were evaluated. Productivity was determined by evaluating the grains and spikes from a single harvest. Yield results and the actual versus maximum evapotranspiration rate for the entire growing season was used for calculating the Ky coefficient. Despite 1,346 mm of rainfall, the irrigation system was activated 165 times, distributing a mean volume of 19.0 (T1), 28.5 (T2), 37.1 (T3), and 45.8 L per plant (control). All traits were negatively affected by the WD, and the Ky values obtained (from 1.72 to 2.96) indicate the high sensitivity of black pepper to WD. In general, the spikes produced with at least 81 % of the crop water demand were larger and more numerous than those subjected to inferior treatments. WD occurring during the flowering stage severely hampers the size, weight, and quality of the spikes and grains of black pepper.

Abstract Based on the genetic, morphological, and morphometric data of blood gamonts, we identified Hepatozoon parasites in colubrid snakes sampled in the Eastern Amazon region. Hepatozoon trigeminum was detected in the mussurana snake Clelia clelia and exhibited wide and elongated gamonts (mean dimensions: 14.25±0.65 × 4.31±0.43 μm) with an evident parasitophorous vacuole. Hepatozoon odwyerae sp. nov. was described in the indigo snake Drymarchon corais, whose gamonts have elongated and thin bodies (mean dimensions: 13.41±0.79 × 3.72±0.35 μm) with one end more tapered than the other. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the amplification of a 441 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, revealed that the novel sequences of Hepatozoon spp. from our study were closely related to hemogregarine lineages found in lizards and snakes from Brazil, forming a well-supported monophyletic clade with them. The present study provides the first species description of Hepatoozon in D. corais and a new record of a host species for C. clelia using the integrated taxonomic data. We also highlight the importance of further investigations into the diversity of Hepatozoon in snakes, a rich but underestimated group of parasites, especially in the Amazonian biome.

ABSTRACT Little is known about how Brazilian dentists’ treatment decisions for proximal carious lesions are compared to current evidence-based recommendations, so better understanding is needed to close any potential evidence-practice gap. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the evidence-practice gap about proximal carious lesions treatment and identify dentist factors associated with this evidence-practice gap. Methods: Brazilian dentists (n=214) from Araraquara, São Paulo State, “completed a questionnaire about their dentist and practice characteristics and a translated version of the “Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment” from the U.S. National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Five radiographic images of proximal carious lesions in low-risk and high-risk patient scenarios were used. Associations between treatment recommendations and lesion, dentist, and practice characteristics were tested for statistical significance (p<0.05). Results: Lesions confined to the enamel would be restored by 35% and 71% of dentists in the low-risk and high-risk patient scenarios, respectively, suggesting a substantial evidence-practice gap given that surgical intervention of enamel lesions is not consistent with current evidence. The lesion depth threshold to recommend a permanent restoration differed between the low-risk and high-risk patient scenarios (p<0.001). Specific dentist/practice characteristics (dentist gender, graduate of a public dental school, postgraduate training, use of caries risk assessment) were significantly associated with the evidence-practice gap, but the magnitude of these differences was not major Conclusion: A substantial evidence-practice gap in treatment of proximal carious lesions was found for the sample overall, even when clinical scenarios presented low-risk patients. Global strategies are needed to close this substantial evidence-practice gap.

RESUMO Pouco se sabe se as decisões de tratamento dos dentistas brasileiros para lesões cariosas proximais são comparadas às recomendações atuais baseadas em evidências, portanto, é necessário um melhor entendimento para fechar qualquer potencial lacuna entre a evidência e a prática. Purpose: Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo quantificar a lacuna entre a evidência e a prática na decisão de tratamento das lesões cariosas proximais e identificar os fatores associados a essa lacuna entre a evidência e a prática. Methods: Cirurgiões-dentistas brasileiros (n=214) de Araraquara, Estado de São Paulo, preencheram um questionário sobre suas características odontológicas e clínicas e uma versão traduzida do “Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment” da U.S. National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Cinco imagens radiográficas de lesões cariosas proximais em cenários de pacientes de baixo risco e alto risco foram usadas. Associações entre recomendações de tratamento e lesão, dentista e características da prática foram testadas (p<0,05). Results: As lesões confinadas ao esmalte seriam restauradas por 35% e 71% dos dentistas nos cenários de pacientes de baixo risco e alto risco, respectivamente, sugerindo uma lacuna entre a evidência e a prática substancial, dado que a intervenção cirúrgica das lesões do esmalte não é consistente com as evidências atuais. O limiar de profundidade da lesão para recomendar uma restauração permanente diferiu entre os cenários de pacientes de baixo risco e alto risco (p<0,001). Características específicas do dentista/prática (sexo do dentista, graduado em uma faculdade pública, pós-graduação, uso da avaliação de risco de cárie) foram significativamente associadas à lacuna entre a evidência e a prática, mas a magnitude dessas diferenças não foi importante. Conclusions: uma lacuna entre a evidência e a prática substancial na decisão de tratamento de lesões cariosas proximais foi encontrada para a amostra como um todo, mesmo quando os cenários clínicos apresentavam pacientes de baixo risco. Estratégias globais são necessárias para fechar essa lacuna entre a evidência e a prática.

Lolium multiflorum grass is the major pollen allergen source in the southern region of Brazil, but most of its allergens remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate antibody reactivity to L. multiflorum crude and carboxymethyl-ligand extracts in allergic patients and healthy individuals. Ion exchange carboxymethyl (CM) chromatography (CM-Sepharose) was used to isolate proteins (S2) from L. multiflorum crude extract (S1), which were assessed by SDS-PAGE. S1- and S2-specific IgE and IgG4 levels were measured by ELISA using sera from 55 atopic and 16 non-atopic subjects. Reactive polypeptide bands in S1 and S2 were detected by immunoblotting, and the most prominent bands in S2 were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Similar IgE and IgG4 levels were observed to both S1 (IgE median absorbance: 1.22; IgG4 median absorbance: 0.68) and S2 (IgE median absorbance: 1.26; IgG4 median absorbance: 0.85) in atopic subjects. S1 and S2 had positive correlations for IgE and IgG4 (IgE: r=0.9567; IgG4: r=0.9229; P<0.0001) levels. Homology between S1 and S2 was confirmed by IgE (84%) and IgG4 (83%) inhibition. Immunoblotting revealed that the 29-32 kDa band was recognized by 100% of atopic subjects in both S1 and S2. MS-MS analysis identified similarity profile to groups 1 and 5 grass allergens. This study revealed that carboxymethyl-ligand fraction played an important role for pollen allergy diagnosis by containing clinically relevant allergens and constituted a promising candidate for allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Abstract Cowpea is one of the main crops in family agriculture, especially in the Northeastern region of Brazil, and it is expanding to other regions in Brazil. The use of seeds with low physiological and health quality is reflected in the plant development and consequently yield, making it important to study the seed physiological and health quality. The objective of the present study was to assess the physiology and health of traditional and biofortified cowpea seeds. The traditional cowpea varieties (Angelim, Mercado and Manteguinha) and the biofortified cowpea cultivars (BRS Aracê, BRS Xique-Xique and BRS Tumucumaque) were assessed for the following physiological parameters: water content (WC), first count (FC), germination test (G), germination speed index (GSI), seedling emergence in the greenhouse (E), emergence speed index (ESI), seedling aerial part and root length (APL and RL) and electric conductivity test (EC). The seed health quality was assessed by the Blotter Test. The water content present in the seeds of the traditional and biofortified varieties ranged from 10% to 14%. All the traditional and biofortified varieties showed high germination and emergence value in the greenhouse. The germination and emergence speed indexes indicated the BRS Aracê and BRS Xique-Xique cultivars as the most vigorous. In the health tests the highest indexes were the storage fungi Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp., with the highest prevalence in the BRS Tumucumaque variety, which was probably related to the higher water content present in this variety.

Resumo O feijão-caupi é uma das principais culturas da agricultura familiar, especialmente da região Nordeste, e encontra-se em expansão para as demais regiões do Brasil. O uso de sementes com baixa qualidade fisiológica e sanitária refletem no desenvolvimento das plantas e consequentemente na produtividade. Desse modo ressalta-se a importância do estudo da qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes. Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a fisiologia e sanidade de sementes tradicionais e biofortificadas de feijão-caupi. As variedades tradicionais (Angelim, Mercado e Manteguinha) e as biofortificadas (BRS Aracê, BRS Xique-Xique e BRS Tumucumaque) de feijão-caupi foram avaliadas quanto aos seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: Teor de água (T.A), Primeira contagem (PC), Teste de germinação (G), Índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), Emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação (E), Índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) Comprimento da parte aérea e raiz da mudas (CPA e CR) e Teste de Condutividade Elétrica (CE). Para avaliação da qualidade sanitária das sementes foi adotado o Blotter Test. O teor de água presente nas sementes das variedades tradicionais e biofortificadas, encontra-se entre 10% a 14%. Todas as variedades tradicionais e biofortificadas apresentaram alto valor de germinação e emergência em casa de vegetação. O índice de velocidade de germinação e emergência indicaram as cultivares BRS Aracê e BRS Xique-Xique as mais vigorosas. Nos testes de sanidade a maior incidência foram dos fungos de armazenamento Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. e o Penicillium sp., com maior prevalência na variedade BRS Tumucumaque, provavelmente relacionado ao maior teor de água presente nessa variedade.

Resumen: Frente al evidente cambio en la estética y tecnología de las materialidades con el devenir del segundo milenio, que ha sido muy destacado y resaltado en la literatura, en este trabajo nos propusimos explorar si existieron continuidades en el uso de fuentes de materias primas para vasijas de uso cotidiano entre los grupos de los periodos Alfarero Temprano (PAT) e Intermedio Tardío (PIT) en la localidad de Angostura de Paine, cuenca sur de Santiago, por medio de análisis por activación neutrónica. Los resultados señalan que las(os) alfareras(os) del PIT siguen utilizando prioritariamente las mismas fuentes de materias primas del periodo anterior, con algunos grupos composicionales “exclusivos” para el PAT o el PIT, pero estos tienen muy pocos casos cada uno, y que el uso de estas materias primas tiene una lógica espacial, siendo el aprovisionamiento cercano a los lugares donde se encuentran los sitios habitacionales. Esta continuidad nos permite apoyar la idea de un nexo social e histórico entre los alfareros de ambos periodos, ya que el conocimiento debió transmitirse sincrónica y/o diacrónicamente, lo que a la vez sugiere que fueron las mismas poblaciones del PAT las que generaron las profundas transformaciones que caracterizan el paso de un periodo a otro.

Abstract: At the beginning of the second millennium, there were profound aesthetic and technological transformations in Central Chile which have been extensively highlighted in the archaeological literature. In this work, we report on neutron activation analyses of ceramic materials from sites in the Angostura de Paine region, southern Santiago basin, to explore whether people from the Late Intermediate Period (PIT) continued to exploit the same raw material sources for culinary pottery as those of the Early Ceramic Period (PAT) despite the well-known cultural changes. The resulting chemical groups show that potters from the PIT continued to use the same raw material sources as in the previous period, although some compositional groups, with very few cases each, are exclusive of the PAT or the PIT. Our results also show that the use of these raw materials had a spatial logic, since the different sources were related to domestic sites nearby. The continuity in raw material sources supports the idea of social and historical links between potters from both periods, implying that knowledge was transmitted synchronically and/or diachronically and that it was people from the PAT that were responsible for the transformations that characterize the passage from one period to the next.

Abstract: This study assessed the effect of protected nitrate on methane emissions, energy utilization, and nitrogen balance in Brangus steers. Nine housed steers were assigned to one of three treatments that differed in a non-protein nitrogen source: urea (control), protected nitrate (NP), and free nitrate (NL). The experiment was performed in three periods by using a 3x3 Latin square design repeated three times. No animal showed signs of nitrate intoxication. NP steers reduced the intake and digestibility of dry matter, protein, and gross energy. Dietary nitrates reduced methane production by 23%. Nitrate levels of 3% in dry matter were safe for steer diets. In conclusion, the nitrate protection method presented here reduced dry matter intake, nitrogen retention, digestibility, and energy utilization efficiency.

Resumen: Este estudio evaluó el efecto del nitrato protegido sobre las emisiones de metano y la utilización de la energía y balance de nitrógeno en novillos Brangus. Nueve novillos estabulados fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos que diferían en la fuente de nitrógeno no proteico: urea (control), nitrato protegido (NP) y nitrato libre (NL). El experimento fue realizado en tres periodos, empleando un diseño en cuadrado latino 3x3 repetido tres veces. Ningún animal presentó signos de intoxicación por nitratos. Los animales que recibieron NP redujeron el consumo y la digestibilidad de la materia seca, la proteína y energía bruta. Los nitratos en la dieta redujeron en 23% la producción de metano y niveles del 3% de nitrato en la materia seca consumida fueron seguros en dietas para novillos. En conclusión, el método de protección del nitrato redujo el consumo de materia seca, la retención de nitrógeno, la digestibilidad y la eficiencia de utilización de la energía.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant public health problem for which drugs are used with many adverse effects. Among the devastating consequences of these diseases, there is a wide variation in the incidence of ototoxicity and hearing loss in patients with multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant tuberculosis. Cochlear implants may be indicated in patients with unilateral/severe bilateral hearing loss with no benefit from conventional hearing aids, but their use in patients with tuberculosis is rare. Case report: We present the first case of a right unilateral cochlear implant performed on a 34-year-old Peruvian patient who presented profound sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin. Conclusion: Cochlear implant surgery is an essential milestone in the treatment of patients with auditory sequelae of tuberculosis treatment. Close monitoring of possible complications of tuberculosis treatment should be strengthened in countries with a high incidence of multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant tuberculosis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis multidrogorresistente es un importante problema de salud pública para el que se utilizan fármacos con múltiples efectos adversos. Entre las devastadoras consecuencias de estas enfermedades, existe una amplia variación en la incidencia de ototoxicidad y pérdida auditiva en pacientes con tuberculosis multirresistente y extremadamente resistente. Los implantes cocleares pueden estar indicados en pacientes con pérdida auditiva unilateral/bilateral severa sin beneficio de los audífonos convencionales, pero su uso en pacientes con tuberculosis es raro. Reporte de un caso: Presentamos el primer caso de implante coclear unilateral derecho realizado a un paciente peruano de 34 años que presentaba hipoacusia neurosensorial profunda de origen coclear. Conclusión: La cirugía de implante coclear es un hito fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes con secuelas auditivas del tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Se debe fortalecer la vigilancia estrecha de las posibles complicaciones del tratamiento de la tuberculosis en los países con una alta incidencia de tuberculosis multirresistente y extremadamente resistente.

Resumen Los colorantes sintéticos son estables, ofrecen una amplia gama de colores y fáciles aplicaciones industriales. Sin embargo, en ambientes acuosos representan un problema por su larga permanencia y baja biodegradabilidad. Los hongos de podredumbre blanca pueden degradar colorantes a través de sus enzimas ligninolíticas y/o biosorción. Este trabajo evaluó el efecto de 2,5-dimetilanilina, glucosa, tartrato de amonio, sulfato de cobre, pH y temperatura sobre la degradación del colorante azul turquesa (TB) en soluciones acuosas por Leptosphaerulina sp. (hongo nativo de Colombia). Los ensayos se desarrollaron aplicando un diseno experimental de superficie de respuesta, que encontró al tartrato de amonio y el pH como las variables más infuyentes para remover el TB. Leptosphaerulina sp. elimina el TB (99%, día 8), principalmente por sorción (89%). Por lo tanto, la biomasa de Leptosphaerulina sp. es una alternativa promisoria como biosorbente, frente a los métodos tradicionales físico-químicos, para tratar aguas residuales contaminadas con colorantes.

Abstract Synthetic dyes are highly stable, offer a wide range of colors, and have easy industrial applications. Nevertheless, dyes become a problem in aqueous environments due to their long permanence and low biodegradability. White-rot fungi are useful to degrade dyes through their ligninolytic enzymes and/or biosorption. This work evaluated the effect of 2,5-dimethylaniline, glucose, ammonium tartrate, copper sulfate, pH, and temperature on the degradation of Turquoise Blue (TB) dye in aqueous solutions by Leptosphaerulina sp. (Colombian native fungus). Assays were developed applying a response surface experimental design, which found that the ammonium tartrate and pH are the most influential variables on TB removal. Leptosphaerulina sp. decolorizes aqueous solutions with TB (99%, at day 8), mainly through sorption (89%). Therefore, one of the significant findings from this study is that the Leptosphaerulina sp. biomass is a promising alternative as biosorbent, in comparison to physical-chemical traditional methods, for treating wastewaters polluted with dyes.

RESUMEN La curcumina contrarresta diversas patologías como el cáncer o enfermedades neuro-degenerativas. Sin embargo, su solubilidad es baja en soluciones acuosas limitando su aplicabilidad. Esta investigación elaboró una nanoemulsión estable de aceite en agua (O/W) a base de oleorresina deCúrcuma longa(ORC) para ser aplicada a bebida acuosa como una posible alternativa al uso de colorantes artificiales como la tartrazina. Se formularon y prepararon dos tipos de nanoemulsión: Oleorresina (EORC) y curcumina comercial 75 % (ECC). Estas se caracterizaron mediante el porcentaje de retención de curcumina (CR), contenido de fenoles totales (TPC); estabilidad física y tamaño de partícula (TP) por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Se obtuvieron nanoemulsiones estables con TP de 10,201 nm y 13,847 para EORC y ECC respectivamente. EL CR hallado fue de 67,13 % (EORC) y 81,991 % (ECC); y, el contenido de fenoles para EORC fue de 35,466 y 36,128 mg EAGL/L para ECC. Igualmente, se obtuvieron bebidas acuosas a base de EORC con un CR de 80, 014 %. La bebida con EORC presentó mayor turbidez en comparación a la ECC y la tartrazina (control). Se obtuvieron nanoemulsiones y bebidas estables con aspectos diferenciables como color, turbidez, tamaño de partícula, separación de fases/tiempo. La EORC presentó mayor CR, por lo tanto, puede ser una alternativa potencial como colorante y antioxidante en bebidas acuosas.

ABSTRACT Curcumin counteracts over different pathologies like cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. However, its solubility is low in aqueous solutions therefore limiting its applicability. This study worked on obtaining an oil-in-water (O/W) stable oleoresin-based emulsion of Curcuma longa (ORC) to be applied into an aqueous beverage as an alternative to artificial colorants such as tartrazine. Two types of nanoemulsion were formulated and prepared: Oleoresin (EORC), and commercial curcumin 75 % (ECC). They were differentiated by percentage curcumin retention (CR), total phenol content (TPC); physical stability, and particle size (TP) under a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Two stable nanoemulsions were obtained with a TP of 10,201nm (EORC), and 13,847 nm for ECC. CR observed for EORC was 67,136 % and 8,991 % for ECC. Total Phenol content of 35,466 and 36,128 mg EAG/L respectively. Same way, aqueous beverages with EORC were processed and showed a CR of 80,014 %. EORC beverage presented higher turbidity compared to ECC and tartrazine (as control). Emulsions and beverages revealed settle aspects like color, turbidity; particles size or phase/time division. EORC exhibited greater CR which could be a possible alternative as colorant and antioxidant in aqueous beverages