This study investigated the antiviral potential of fractions and eupomatenoid-5 obtained from Piper regnelli (Miq.) C. DC., Piperaceae, leaves against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and poliovirus. VERO cell monolayers in 96-well cell culture plates were infected with BHV-1 or poliovirus and incubated in the presence and absence of samples for 48 h. The cells were then fixed and stained with sulforhodamine B, and the virus-induced cytopathic effect was measured in a 96-well plate reader at 530 nm. Cytotoxicity was assessed by incubating the cell monolayers with samples for 72 h. The hexane, chloroform, chloroform/ethyl acetate (19:1), and chloroform/ethyl acetate (9:1) fractions showed activity against BHV-1. The chloroform, chloroform/ethyl acetate (19:1), chloroform/ethyl acetate (9:1), chloroform/ethyl acetate (1:1), and ethyl acetate fractions were active against poliovirus. The chloroform/ethyl acetate (9:1) fraction presented the best selectivity index for both viruses. The present study reports the antiviral activity of the extract and fractions of P. regnelli leaves.

Do extrato hidroetanólico das partes aéreas de Acanthospermum australe (Asteraceae) foram identificados uma lactona diterpênica, o acetato de acantoaustralida (1) e dois flavonoides: quercetina (2) e crisosplenol D (3). As estruturas foram identificadas através de técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN de ¹H e 13C, gHSQC, gHMBC, TOCSY, gNOESY, EM e pela comparação com dados da literatura.

From the hydroethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Acanthospermum australe (Asteraceae) a diterpene lactone, acanthoaustralide-1-O-Acetate (1) and two flavonoids: quercetin (2) and chrysosplenol D (3) were identified. The structures were determined though the use of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR (¹H, 13C{¹H}, gHSQC, gHMBC, TOCSY, gNOESY), MS and compared with the literature data.

Descrições morfoanatômicas preliminares do caule e da folha de Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze foram realizadas a partir de material vegetal fresco e fixado. Secções transversais e paradérmicas, coradas com safranina/azul de astra e azul de toluidina foram analisadas ao microscópio. As superfícies do caule e da folha foram observadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A. australe apresenta, tanto no caule quanto na folha, tricomas tectores pluricelulares, unisseriados e de extremidades afiladas, e glandulares discóides, com pedúnculo curto unicelular, no qual se prendem cinco séries de células. A folha é anfiestomática e os estômatos são do tipo anomocítico, levemente proeminentes em relação ao nível das demais células epidérmicas. O caule apresenta crescimento secundário inicial, destacando-se os ductos secretores no parênquima cortical e medular.

Preliminary morphological and anatomical descriptions of stem and leaf of Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze were made in fresh and fixed material. Cross and superficial sections, stained with safranin/astra blue and Toluidine blue were analyzed at the light microscopic and the images were acquired by means the program Image Pro-Plus, version 4.0 (Media Cybertecnics). The surface of the stem and leaf were observed through scanning electronic microscopy. The species presents in the stem and leaf surface multicellular nonglandular trichome, uniseriate with a pointed edge and multicellular glandular trichome like a disk with a unicellular peduncle, in which is attached a series of five cells. The leaf presents anomocytic stomata in both surfaces a little prominent in relation to the level of the epidermal cells. The stem presents an initial secondary growth with evident secretory ducts in the cortex and pith.

Analisou-se oito experimentos realizados em áreas irrigadas do Submédio São Francisco, entre os anos de 1988 e 1993, com o objetivo de relacionar a resposta do tomateiro industrial (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) à adubação fosfatada em solos com diferentes teores de fósforo disponível determinado pelos métodos Mehlich-1 ou Bray-1. Nos solos com conteúdo de P disponível igual ou inferior a 2 mg.dm-3, os aumentos em produtividade, provocados pela adubação foram, em média, de 190,8%, enquanto no solo com teor de P de 8 mg.dm-3, o aumento foi de apenas 21,7%. Porém, em solos com teor de P igual ou superior a 14 mg dm-3, não foi verificada resposta do tomateiro à adubação fosfatada. Para os dois experimentos onde foi possível ajustar equações quadráticas, as produtividades máximas econômicas de tomate (56,47 e 69,35 t.ha-1) foram obtidas com os níveis de 143 e 182 kg.ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente.

Results of eight field experiments carried out in irrigated areas of the Submédio São Francisco River Valley, Northeast Brazil, from 1988 to 1993, were statistically analysed to evaluate the response of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) to phosphorus fertiliser, in soils with different available phosphorus contents by the methods of Mehlich - 1 or Bray - 1. The analysis showed that in soils where available P content was equal to or lower than 2 mg.dm-3, the mean increment in tomato yield due to P fertilisation was 190.8%, while in soils where the P content was 8 mg/dm³, the increment was only 21.7%. However, in soils with P content equal or higher than 14 mg dm-3, there was no response of the tomato crop to phosphorus fertilisation. In the two experiments where a quadratic response was observed, the maximum economical yields of 56.47 and 69.35 ton. ha-1 of tomatoes were obtained with 143 and 182 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, respectively.