Abstract The flotation mechanism of galena with xanthate as the collector is generally explained based on the mixed potential of the pulp, in which an anodic electron transfer reaction from the collector to the mineral is combined with an O2 cathodic reduction. Sodium sulphide, often used as a mineral activator, strongly influences the pulp's mixed potential, and depending on the dosage applied, it can become a galena depressor reagent. In this way, the current study assesses galena flotability in the absence of collector, as well as in the presence of the collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) and sodium sulphide. The effect of an extremely cathodic potential was also studied through the addition of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the effect of different stages in the oxidation of the galena surface on the flotability was investigated. Moreover, the zeta potential was measured and contact angle (wettability) tests were carried out. The contact angle measurements were taken for a distilled water, PAX solution and for a mixture of PAX and sodium sulphide solution on the oxidized and non-oxidized surface of galena. All the results showed that galena could be floated in all the PAX concentrations tested. It was observed that a moderate oxidation in the galena surface may contribute to an improvement of its flotation with PAX. However, extremely anodic and cathodic potentials cause flotability close to zero. The zeta potential results showed that sodium sulphide affected the interaction between PAX and galena. The measurements of the contact angle corroborated the results obtained in the microflotation tests. pulp O reduction activator pulps s applied reagent way (PAX peroxide investigated Moreover wettability (wettability out water nonoxidized non tested However zero

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil atingiu níveis alarmantes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ela encontrou um cenário de desmonte da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em meio à uma crise política, o que teve grande impacto nos territórios de maior vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar de que forma as favelas e equipes da APS organizaram-se para desenvolver ações comunitárias, ocupando espaços deixados pela falta de outras políticas públicas. Os resultados fazem parte da pesquisa qualitativa multicêntrica “Estratégias de abordagem dos aspectos subjetivos e sociais na Atenção Primária no contexto da pandemia”, onde foram analisados documentos orientadores públicos e 36 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS, organizadas em grades interpretativas. Como resultado, observou-se que houve iniciativas cogestoras dos trabalhadores e usuários da APS, a partir do surgimento de coletivos organizados e ativismo social, para o enfrentamento da pandemia, independente das normativas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e demais instâncias governamentais. A APS se apresentou como único equipamento público nos territórios de alta vulnerabilidade, onde a violência armada esteve presente mesmo durante a pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reached alarming levels in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro city, it arrived in a scenario in which Primary Health Care (PHC) was being dismantled in the midst of a political crisis, which had major impact on the most vulnerable territories. This study examined how favelas and PHC teams organised community-based action and occupy the vacuum left by the lack of public policies. The results form part of the multi-centre qualitative study “Strategies for approaching subjective and social aspects of Primary Care in the pandemic context”, using public guidance documents and 36 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users, which were categorised into interpretive grids. Co-management initiatives by PHC workers and users were found to have arisen out of organised groups and social activism, to face the pandemic, independently of regulations from the Municipal Health Department and other government bodies. PHC figured as the only public facility in highly vulnerable territories, where armed violence was ongoing even during the pandemic.

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 encontrou no Brasil um campo propício para sua propagação. A falta de coordenação de ações do governo federal, em conjunto com uma Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) já fragilizada trouxe consequências para trabalhadores e usuários. O objetivo é analisar a gestão e o processo de trabalho na APS no enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19 em 3 municípios, considerando o processo histórico de sua constituição, a relação com o SUS e a APS e o ativismo social em territórios vulneráveis, a partir da percepção de usuários e trabalhadores. Foi realizada busca bibliográfica, observação participante e 97 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS. Os resultados foram organizados em 4 eixos: Implantação e gestão da APS nos municípios; Processo de trabalho na APS; Percepção dos trabalhadores e usuários em relação à APS e o SUS; Territórios, coletivos organizados e ativismo social. Os trabalhadores enfrentaram um ambiente de medo, sobrecarga e mudanças no processo de trabalho, o que não os impediu de resistir e reinventar suas práticas. Os usuários conviveram com barreiras de acesso e dificuldades no cumprimento de medidas sanitárias, mas foram encontradas experiências de coletivos organizados que surgiram como forma de enfrentamento à pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic found favourable conditions to spread in Brazil. A lack of coordinated action by the federal government, together with already weak Primary Health Care (PHC) had consequences for workers and users. This study examined PHC management and work process in response the COVID-19 pandemic in three municipalities, in view of the history of how PHC was set up, its relationship with the national public health system (SUS), and PHC and social activism in vulnerable territories, from the perceptions of users and workers. The study included a literature search, participant observation and 97 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users. The results were organised into four areas: PHC implementation and management in the municipalities; the PHC work process; workers’ and users’ perceptions of PHC and the SUS; and territories, organised groups and social activism. Workers faced an environment of fear, overwork and changes in their work process, none of which prevented them from persisting and reinventing their practice. Users encountered barriers to access and difficulties in complying with public health measures, but the study found experiences of organised groups that emerged as means of coping with the pandemic.

Abstract The control of weeds in agriculture is mainly conducted with the use of synthetic herbicides. However, environmental and human health concerns and increased resistance of weeds to existing herbicides have increased the pressure on researchers to find new active ingredients for weed control which present low toxicity to non-target organisms, are environmentally safe, and can be applied at low concentrations. It is herein described the synthesis of glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives and evaluation of their phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic activities. Starting from glycerol, ten fluorinated triazole derivatives were prepared in four steps. The assessment of them on Lactuca sativa revealed that they present effects on phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic parameters with different degrees of efficiency. The compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4i, and 4j have pre-emergent inhibition behavior, while all the investigated compounds showed post emergent effect. Mechanism of action as clastogenic, aneugenic, and epigenetic were observed in the lettuce root meristematic cells, with alterations as stick chromosome, bridge, delay, c-metaphase, and loss. It is believed that glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives possess a scaffold that can be explored towards the development of new chemicals for the control of weed species.

Abstract The cold roller die process increases the tensile strength and decreases the ductility of steel wire. Annealing heat treatment is applied to restore mechanical properties, but this is a costly process. This research shows that it is possible to control the mechanical properties of ultra-low carbon steel wire inducing the Bauschinger effect and relieving residual steel stresses. The present study uses several pulleys to promote and control the Bauschinger effect magnitude through alternated cyclic bending. A Completely Randomized Design, a regression study, and the Akaike Information Criterion were used to understand the relationship between the quantity and diameter of pulleys and the influence on the magnitude of the Bauschinger effect. Statistical models showed that it is possible to have a maximum increase of 103% in uniform elongation and a maximum decrease of 14% in yield strength. An interaction between the factors studied in controlling the Bauschinger effect magnitude was confirmed.

This investigation describes the synthesis of eugenol analogs presenting 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. The alkylation of guaiacol (1) with allyl bromide afforded 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (2) (93% yield). The Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1 gave ortho eugenol (3) (82% yield). Alkylation procedures performed with 3 produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (4) (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (6) (53% yield). The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions involving alkynes 4 and 6 with different benzylic azides afforded twenty-two eugenol analogs with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (48-93% yield). We screened the compounds at 10 μmol L 1 against Leishmania braziliensis intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. The action of these compounds was compared with the known leishmanicidal drug amphotericin B. None of the analogs were toxic to macrophages at 10 μmol L-1. The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50), effective concentration at 50% (EC50), and selectivity index (SI) were determined to the best compounds 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8c) and 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (8h). They showed a significant leishmanicidal effect, with EC50 of 28.09 µmol L-1 (8c) and 52.03 µmol L-1 (8h). The SIs were 9.7 for 8c and > 5.7 for 8h. These compounds have the potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic found favourable conditions to spread in Brazil. A lack of coordinated action by the federal government, together with already weak Primary Health Care (PHC) had consequences for workers and users. This study examined PHC management and work process in response the COVID-19 pandemic in three municipalities, in view of the history of how PHC was set up, its relationship with the national public health system (SUS), and PHC and social activism in vulnerable territories, from the perceptions of users and workers. The study included a literature search, participant observation and 97 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users. The results were organised into four areas: PHC implementation and management in the municipalities; the PHC work process; workers’ and users’ perceptions of PHC and the SUS; and territories, organised groups and social activism. Workers faced an environment of fear, overwork and changes in their work process, none of which prevented them from persisting and reinventing their practice. Users encountered barriers to access and difficulties in complying with public health measures, but the study found experiences of organised groups that emerged as means of coping with the pandemic.

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 encontrou no Brasil um campo propício para sua propagação. A falta de coordenação de ações do governo federal, em conjunto com uma Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) já fragilizada trouxe consequências para trabalhadores e usuários. O objetivo é analisar a gestão e o processo de trabalho na APS no enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19 em 3 municípios, considerando o processo histórico de sua constituição, a relação com o SUS e a APS e o ativismo social em territórios vulneráveis, a partir da percepção de usuários e trabalhadores. Foi realizada busca bibliográfica, observação participante e 97 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS. Os resultados foram organizados em 4 eixos: Implantação e gestão da APS nos municípios; Processo de trabalho na APS; Percepção dos trabalhadores e usuários em relação à APS e o SUS; Territórios, coletivos organizados e ativismo social. Os trabalhadores enfrentaram um ambiente de medo, sobrecarga e mudanças no processo de trabalho, o que não os impediu de resistir e reinventar suas práticas. Os usuários conviveram com barreiras de acesso e dificuldades no cumprimento de medidas sanitárias, mas foram encontradas experiências de coletivos organizados que surgiram como forma de enfrentamento à pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reached alarming levels in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro city, it arrived in a scenario in which Primary Health Care (PHC) was being dismantled in the midst of a political crisis, which had major impact on the most vulnerable territories. This study examined how favelas and PHC teams organised community-based action and occupy the vacuum left by the lack of public policies. The results form part of the multi-centre qualitative study “Strategies for approaching subjective and social aspects of Primary Care in the pandemic context”, using public guidance documents and 36 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users, which were categorised into interpretive grids. Co-management initiatives by PHC workers and users were found to have arisen out of organised groups and social activism, to face the pandemic, independently of regulations from the Municipal Health Department and other government bodies. PHC figured as the only public facility in highly vulnerable territories, where armed violence was ongoing even during the pandemic.

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil atingiu níveis alarmantes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ela encontrou um cenário de desmonte da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em meio à uma crise política, o que teve grande impacto nos territórios de maior vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar de que forma as favelas e equipes da APS organizaram-se para desenvolver ações comunitárias, ocupando espaços deixados pela falta de outras políticas públicas. Os resultados fazem parte da pesquisa qualitativa multicêntrica “Estratégias de abordagem dos aspectos subjetivos e sociais na Atenção Primária no contexto da pandemia”, onde foram analisados documentos orientadores públicos e 36 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS, organizadas em grades interpretativas. Como resultado, observou-se que houve iniciativas cogestoras dos trabalhadores e usuários da APS, a partir do surgimento de coletivos organizados e ativismo social, para o enfrentamento da pandemia, independente das normativas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e demais instâncias governamentais. A APS se apresentou como único equipamento público nos territórios de alta vulnerabilidade, onde a violência armada esteve presente mesmo durante a pandemia.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Navy (BN) has its combatant force concentrated in an area with only one exit to the sea. Nevertheless, Brazil has an extensive coast that needs to be patrolled and, in case of any kind of conflict, the BN must be able to defend the sovereignty and interests of the country. For this purpose, a robust and decentralized naval force is necessary, which allows the fulfillment of its mission. This paper aims to classify the most suitable cities in Brazil to be established as naval bases by applying the ELECTRE-MOr hybrid method. Seventeen cities were analyzed, which have an opening to the sea and a pre-existing minimum port structure. The alternatives were evaluated by specialists from the BN, with more than twenty years of active service, in the light of operational, economic and strategic criteria. As a result, five alternatives were classified as the most indicated headquarters for the decentralization of the naval power: Belém/PA, São Luis/MA, Fortaleza/CE, Recife/PE and Aratu/BA. This article presents relevance to academia and society, as it represents the application of a method in the state of the art to support the decision-making process in a significant problem for the sovereignty of Brazil, presenting a methodology that can be applied in issues of tactical, operational, strategic and political levels. (BN Nevertheless conflict country purpose necessary mission ELECTREMOr ELECTRE MOr analyzed preexisting pre existing structure service operational criteria result power BelémPA Belém PA Belém/PA LuisMA Luis MA Luis/MA FortalezaCE Fortaleza CE Fortaleza/CE RecifePE Recife PE AratuBA Aratu BA Aratu/BA society decisionmaking decision making tactical levels

Eugenol (C10H12O2, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a phenolic natural product that has several biological activities and possibilities of applications. It is herein described the synthesis of eugenol-fluorinated triazole derivatives and evaluation of their fungicidal activity. The reaction of eugenol with epichlorohydrin resulted in the preparation of (±)-2-((4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)oxirane (1) in 88% yield. The azidolysis of 1 with sodium azide gave the azido-alcohol (±)-1-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-azidopropan-2-ol (2) in 94% yield. The CuAAc reaction between compound 2 and different terminal alkynes afforded a series of eleven derivatives (3a 3k) within 48-80% yield. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) spectroscopies and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The in vitro inhibitory activity of the compounds on the mycelial growth of a strain of Colletotrichum sp., that causes anthracnose disease on papaya fruits, was evaluated. The best result was observed for compound 1-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (3d) that showed a mean growth-inhibition zone of 5.10 mm in a well-diffusion assay, and may serve as a template for additional structural modifications, aiming for more potent fungicidal activity.

The control of fungal species in agriculture is mainly conducted with the use of contact or systemic fungicides. However, environmental and human health concerns and increased resistance of fungal species to existing fungicides have increased the pressure on researchers to find new active ingredients for fungal control which present low toxicity to non-target organisms, are environmentally safe, and can be applied at very low concentrations. It is herein described the synthesis of eleven glycerol triazole containing compounds (ten of them fluorinated derivatives) and evaluation of their fungicidal activity. Eight out of eleven synthesized compounds are novel and all of the glycerol derivatives were characterized using infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic ressonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Theoretical calculations were also carried out and the results are discussed. Starting from glycerol, the triazole derivatives were prepared in four steps. Evaluation of them against Colletrotricum gloesporioides showed that compound 1-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3 dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (4d) (ED50 = 59.14 µg mL-1) was slightly more active than commercial fungicide tebuconazole (61.35 µg mL-1). Compound 4d presented attractive physicochemical features for agrochemical purposes as revealed by the calculated physicochemical parameters. It is believed that glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives can be explored towards the development of new chemicals for the control of fungal species.

Abstract With the aim of using rustic species such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) for the rational management of degraded areas of Northwestern state of Rio de Janeiro, two experiments were sequentially conducted. In the first, seed dormancy breaking was evaluated in an experiment conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, three replicates and 10 seeds per plot. Treatments were combinations of seeds with or without scarification + gibberellic acid (GA) or water. Forty-five days after sowing, 73% germination was observed in treatment mechanical scarification + GA (MS+GA). In the second experiment seedlings obtained from treatment MS + GA were evaluated in the field, concurrently with a control. At 20 and 44 months, both treatments presented the same biometric characteristics and sixty-one months after planting, flowering began. Scarification following by treatment with GA anticipates seedlings production and did not compromise the performance of these seedlings in the post-planting period.

A novel free PhotoMetrix UVC is proposed for both the operation of a universal serial bus video camera (UVC) and multivariate image analysis, allowing a full solution for point-of-use analysis. A UVC was placed in an open-source 3D-printed chamber illuminated by a white light-emitting diode (LED) with controlled intensity of light. The digital images captured were converted into red, green, and blue (RGB) histograms, and regression models were used within the app. As a proof-of-concept, four adulterants in raw milk samples were determined. The coefficient of determination (R2Cal) for all models was higher than 0.99, and no significant differences (p < 0.05) between the measured and predicted values were identified. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) were satisfactory, with values less than 0.1 and 0.7 g L-1, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 90 to 120% in spiked milk samples, and partial least square (PLS) models showed root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.28, 0.33, 0.48 and 0.39 g L-1 for chloride, hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and starch, respectively. The PhotoMetrix UVC app was feasible for the colorimetric chemical analysis using a smartphone improving the applicability, mobility, and usability.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a espessura da cortical óssea zigomático-maxilar por meio de tomografia computadorizada em diferentes padrões esqueléticos. Métodos: Um total de 54 pacientes de ambos os sexos, divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o padrão esquelético vertical, foi avaliado quanto à espessura da cortical óssea na vertente anterior do processo zigomático da maxila, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. As medidas foram feitas a 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm e 10mm acima do ápice da raiz mesial do primeiro molar. O padrão esquelético vertical foi determinado pelo Ângulo do Plano Mandibular (FMA). Resultados: O padrão hiperdivergente apresentou o menor valor de espessura de cortical. No entanto, nenhum paciente do grupo hiperdivergente apresentou espessura cortical superior a 2mm e nenhum paciente do grupo hipodivergente apresentou espessura cortical inferior a 1mm. No entanto, a correlação entre a espessura da cortical e o ângulo do plano mandibular foi fraca e não significativa. Conclusão: Embora tenha havido uma maior prevalência de cortical espessa no grupo hipodivergente e cortical fina no grupo hiperdivergente, o padrão esquelético vertical não pode ser utilizado como determinante da espessura cortical zigomático-maxilar.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the zygomatic-maxillary cortical bone using computed tomography in different skeletal patterns. Methods: A total of 54 patients of both sexes, divided into three groups according to the vertical skeletal pattern, were evaluated for cortical bone thickness of the anterior slope of the zygomatic process of the maxilla, using cone beam computed tomography. Measurements were made at 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm above from first molar mesial root apex. Vertical skeletal pattern was determined by Frankfurt mandibular angle (FMA). Results: The hyperdivergent pattern had the lowest cortical thickness value, nevertheless, no patient in the hyperdivergent group presented cortical thickness exceeding 2mm, and no patient in the hypodivergent group presented cortical thickness less than 1mm. However, the correlation between cortical thickness and mandibular plane angle was weak and not significant. Conclusion: Although higher prevalence of thick cortical was observed in the hypodivergent patients, and thin cortical groups in the hyperdivergent group, the vertical skeletal pattern could not be used as determinant of the zygomatic-maxillary cortical thickness.