Resumo Introdução O desenvolvimento da assistência farmacêutica, assim como de todas as áreas de atuação do SUS, é de responsabilidade das três instâncias gestoras (municipal, estadual e federal) e, nesse contexto, é fundamental a participação dos atores responsáveis pela sua gestão no planejamento da previsão de recursos orçamentários próprios para alocação nessa área, conforme sua capacidade e prioridade, levando-se em conta a escassez de recursos e as necessidades verificadas. Objetivo Descrever a participação dos profissionais responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica no processo de planejamento em saúde em municípios brasileiros. Método Para este estudo foram utilizados dados da pesquisa “A assistência farmacêutica nas Redes de Atenção à Saúde: um recorte nas regiões do Projeto QualiSUS-Rede”, cuja coleta ocorreu de dezembro de 2013 a julho de 2015 em 485 municípios e Distrito Federal, onde foram entrevistados os responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica nos municípios. Tal estudo teve delineamento transversal, e as variáveis analisadas para o recorte aqui tratado foram as relativas ao perfil dos profissionais responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica e a participação destes na elaboração e conhecimento dos conteúdos relacionados à assistência farmacêutica nos instrumentos de planejamento orçamentário (PPA, LOA e LDO) e da saúde (PS, PAS, RAG). Verificou-se também a inserção dos instrumentos de planejamento relativos ao período de estudo no Sistema SARGSUS. Resultados Observou-se uma baixa participação dos responsáveis (n=417) na elaboração dos instrumentos de planejamento orçamentário e da saúde, com maior participação na elaboração do PPA (24,0%) e do PS (52,0%). Em relação à PAS e ao RAG, observou-se maior conhecimento da presença de ações relacionadas à assistência farmacêutica por aqueles que participaram da sua elaboração (67,0% e 68,8% respectivamente). Conclusão Os resultados apontam baixa participação dos atores responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica municipal na elaboração das ferramentas de planejamento dos municípios e pouco conhecimento das ações previstas, e sugerem que os instrumentos de planejamento produzidos podem não condizer com a realidade dos serviços e com a alocação racional dos recursos aplicáveis à assistência farmacêutica.

Abstract Background The development of Pharmaceutical Assistance, as well as all areas of action of the SUS, is the responsibility of the three managing instances (municipal, state and federal). In this context, the participation of the actors responsible for its management in the forecast planning budget resources for allocation in this area is fundamental, according to their capacity and priority, taking into account the scarcity of resources and the needs verified. Objective To describe the participation of the ones involved in the pharmaceutical assistance, regarding instruments development for budgeting and health planning for their municipalities. Method This paper has analyzed information produced by the project “A assistência farmacêutica nas Redes de Atenção à Saúde: um recorte nas regiões do Projeto QualiSUS-Rede”, where data gathering, conducted from December 2013 to July 2015, in 485 municipalities and the Federal District, was handled through the interview of those in charge of the Pharmaceutical Assistance in the municipalities. The study was cross-sectional and analyzed variables related to the profile of the professionals responsible for Pharmaceutical Assistance regarding professional training, workload and work relationship, as well as the participation of these professionals in the elaboration of the budget planning (PPA, LOA, LDO) and health instruments (PS, PAS, RAG). Complimentarily, we verified the insertion of the planning instruments related to the study period in the SARGSUS System. Results Pharmaceutical assistance (n=417) was low as in the elaboration of the budget planning and health instruments, with a greater participation in the elaboration of PPP (24.0%) and PS (52.0%). Regarding PAS and RAG, there was a greater knowledge of the presence of actions related to pharmaceutical assistance by those who participated in its elaboration (67.0% and 68.8%, respectively). Conclusion The data depict unsatisfactory engagement of the actors responsible for Pharmaceutical Assistance in elaboration and awareness of the actions foreseen at the municipalities’ planning tools and suggests the produced planning instruments may not be linked with the real situation of the health services as well as with the rational use of financing for the Pharmaceutical Assistance.

BACKGROUND In high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, there are few data on the performance of new molecular commercialised assays developed locally. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a new molecular commercialised assay for TB diagnosis (Detect-TB) in three laboratories. METHODS A total of 302 sputum samples from an equal number of patients with presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were submitted for routine smear microscopy, culture, and Detect-TB assay at three different sites in Brazil (the cities of Caxias do Sul, São Paulo and Canoas). FINDINGS Seventy four (24.7%) TB cases were diagnosed (65 bacteriologically confirmed). When compared to smear microscopy/culture results, the overall sensitivity and specificity of Detect-TB assay was 84.6% (CI 95%; 73.7-91.6) and 93.1% (CI 95%; 89.1-95.8), respectively. When compared to bacteriological and clinical diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of Detect-TB assay was 74.3% (CI 95%; 63.3-82.9) and 92.9% (CI 95%; 88.7-95.6), respectively. Among the three sites - Caxias do Sul, São Paulo and Canoas - the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 94.7% and 97.8%; 71.4% and 93.9%, 82.1% and 88.9%. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the Detect-TB assay could be applied routinely in reference laboratories across different regions in Brazil.

The occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in prisons has been described as an alarming public health problem in many countries, especially in developing nations. The objective of this study was to conduct a survey among prisoners with TB respiratory symptoms in order to estimate the incidence of the disease, to analyze the drug susceptibility profile and genotype the isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the city of Charqueadas, southern of Brazil. The TB incidence was 55/1,900 inhabitants in the prison; this corresponds to an incidence of 3,789/100,000 inhabitants, with a prevalence of 72/1,900 (4,960/100,000 inhabitants). Drug susceptibility test was performed and, among the analyzed isolates, 85% were susceptible to all drugs tested and 15% were resistant to at least one drug, of which 89% were resistant only to isoniazid (INH) or in combination with another drug. The genotype classification of spoligotyping analysis showed that 40% of the isolates belong to LAM family, 22% to T family, 17.5% to Haarlem family, 12.5% to U family and 3% to X family. The shared international spoligotypes most frequently found were 729 (27%), 50 (9.5%), 42 (8%), 53 (8%) and 863 (8%). In conclusion, it was observed that TB in this specific population had been caused, mostly, by strains that have been transmitted in the last few years, as demonstrated by the large level of genotype clustering. In addition, it was found specific large clusters, which were not often found in the general population from the same period and in the same region.

Direct smear examination using Ziehl-Neelsen staining for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis is inexpensive and easy to use, but has the major limitation of low sensitivity. Rapid molecular methods are becoming more widely available in centralized laboratories, but they depend on timely reporting of results and strict quality assurance obtainable only from costly commercial kits available in high burden nations. This study describes a pre-commercial colorimetric method, Detect-TB, for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in which an oligonucleotide probe is fixed onto wells of microwell plates and hybridized with biotinylated polymerase chain reaction amplification products derived from clinical samples. The probe is capable of hybridising with the IS6110 insertion element and was used to specifically recognise the M. tuberculosis complex. When combined with an improved silica-based DNA extraction method, the sensitivity of the test was 50 colony-forming units of the M. tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv. The results that were in agreement with reference detection methods were observed in 95.2% (453/476) of samples included in the analysis. Sensitivity and specificity for 301 induced sputum samples and 175 spontaneous sputum samples were 85% and 98%, and 94% and 100%, respectively. This colorimetric method showed similar specificity to that described for commercially available kits and may provide an important contribution for PTB diagnosis.

Ameloblastomas são neoplasias odontogênicas benignas de origem epitelial, não mineralizadas, relativamente incomuns e que apresentam um comportamento localmente agressivo. Acometem predominantemente a mandíbula e podem atingir proporções variadas, de acordo com o tempo de evolução. Radiologicamente, comportam-se como lesões císticas uniloculadas ou multiloculadas. Os achados clínicos e radiológicos auxiliam no diagnóstico diferencial, embora a avaliação histológica seja necessária para a caracterização das lesões.

Ameloblastomas are benign odontogenic neoplasms of epithelial origin, nonmineralized, relatively uncommon which present an aggressive local behavior. They affect predominantly the mandible and they can reach varied proportions depending on the evolution time. Radiographically they appear as unilocular or multilocular cystic lesions. The clinical and radiological findings assist to the differential diagnosis, although the histologic evaluation is necessary in characterization of the lesions.