Abstract Two identical homemade prototypes are used to monitoring the tide levels on two strategic points of the Serinhaém estuary. This monitoring was realized along a period close to the new moon phase. From the analysis of the experimental results, the average height of the tide is determined between each period of high-tide and low-tide. These estimations show discrepancies minors than half order of magnitude, compared to the theoretical predictions of the static and dynamic oceanic tide models. Also, the amplification effects of the tide in the estuary head can be quantified exhibiting a maximum gain of 1.33, which is observed in the new moon phase.

Abstract Introduction: The endoscopic retrograde colangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the pancreatobiliary diseases. A procedure that requires expertise due to its complexity and has a high complication rate. The American Association of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) established in 2015, quality indicators for the use of CPRE. Outcome: Determine the level of quality indicators in the use of ERCP in the endoscopy service of the Hospital Juarez de Mexico. Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study by reviewing quality indicators of the ERCP performed in the Hospital Juarez de Mexico, between January 2016 and December 2019. Results: 688 ERCP were included, 521 were women (60%), average age was 58 years ± 12. The most common ERCP indication was bile duct disease in 405 procedures (47%) biliary stenosis 137 (16%), pancreatitis 84 (10%), bile leak 77 (9%), jaundice 62 (7%), acute cholangitis 55 (6%) biliary stent exchange 47 (5%). Quality indicators previous to the procedure were a correct indication of the study in 863 (99%), all of them with a previous consent (100%), correct administration of antibiotic 849 (96%). All of the procedures, were made or supervised by a trained endoscopist and were reported annually. During the procedure a Deep cannulation was obtained in 851(98%) and without alteration of anatomy in 824 (95%), bile duct resolution 445 (91%) and adequate biliary stent in 200 (93%), but frequency and dosage of radiation was not documented. Post procedure quality indicators included a complete report in all patients. (100%) Adverse events reported in 33 procedures (100%), post ERCO pancreatitis in 32 (4%), post sphincterotomy/sphincteroplasty hemorrhage in 9 (1%) and intestinal perforation in 2 procedures (0.3%). There was no record of the patient follow up at 14 days. Conclusions: Quality indicators in ERCP in our hospital are within the percentages required by ASGE, we offer quality procedures of ERCP to our population, according to international standards.

Resumen Introducción: La colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrograda (CPRE) en la actualidad es una herramienta endoscópica importante para el diagnostico y tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades biliopancreáticas. Debido a la complejidad del procedimiento y a la alta tasa de complicaciones, se han desarrollado indicadores para estandarizar un estudio de calidad. La asociación americana de endoscopia gastrointestinal (ASGE) publico los indicadores de calidad para la CPRE en 2015. Objetivo: Determinar el el apego a los indicadores de calidad de la CPRE en el servicio de endoscopia del Hospital Juárez de México. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional en donde se analizaron indicadores de calidad en las CPRE realizadas en el Hospital Juárez de México entre Enero 2016 y Diciembre 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 688 CPRE, de los cuales 521 son femeninos (60%), la mediana de edad de 58 años ± 12. La indicación mas común fue coledocolitiasis en 405 pacientes (47%), seguido de estenosis biliar 137 (16%), pancreatitis biliar 84 (10%), fistula biliar 77 (9%), síndrome ictérico 62 (7%), colangitis aguda 55 (6%) recambio de prótesis biliar 47 (5%), respectivamente. Los indicadores previo al procedimiento, indicación correcta de la CPRE 863 (99%), todos con firma de consentimiento informado (100%), indicación y administración correcta del antibiótico 849 (96%).Todos los procedimientos fueron realizados o supervisados por un endoscopista avalado por la Asociación Mexicana de Endoscopía Gastrointestinal (AMEG) y reportados en la bitácora anual (100%). Los indicadores durante el procedimiento fueron: canulación de papila profunda 851(98%), sin anatomía alterada 824 (95%), resolución de la coledocolitiasis (91%), colocación de stent biliar por debajo de hilio hepático (93%) y no se realizo medida de dosis ni frecuencia de radiación en ningún procedimiento. Indicadores posterior a CPRE, se obtuvo un reporte completo en los 866 procedimientos (100%), 33 eventos adversos reportados (100%), pancreatitis post CPRE 32 (4%), hemorragia 9 (1%), perforación intestinal 2 CPRE (0.3%). No se contacto de manera particular a los pacientes a los 14 días. Conclusión: Los indicadores de calidad en la realización de colangiopancreatografías endoscópicas evaluados en este estudio se encuentran dentro de los porcentajes establecidos por la ASGE; por lo que es un estudio de adecuada calidad el que se ofrece a nuestra población.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram estabelecer o cultivo massal de W. brasiliensis em condição de laboratório, determinar a sensibilidade para as substâncias-referência (dicromato de potássio, cloreto de sódio e cloreto de potássio) e a estimar a toxicidade aguda (CL50;7d) para os herbicidas glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl e atrazine. Para estabelecimento do cultivo, foram testados três meios: Hoagland’s; 5,0 g L-1 de fertilizante NPK (20;5;20) e o da mistura Latossolo Vermelho + substrato orgânico de planta aquática em decomposição (2:1; v v-1). Após o estabelecimento do cultivo, foram realizados os ensaios de sensibilidade com as substâncias-referência e os ensaios de toxicidade aguda para os herbicidas. A W. brasiliensis apresentou excelente resposta de sensibilidade às substâncias-referência com CL50;7d média de 15,61±2,13 g L-1 para o cloreto de sódio, de 17,02±0,50 g L-1 para o cloreto de potássio e de 52,54±4,27 mg L-1 para o dicromato de potássio. A resposta de toxicidade aguda de W. brasiliensis para o diquat (CL50;7d = 0,07 mg L-1) e paraquat (< 0,05 mg L-1) indica que a planta pode ser considerada extremamente sensível; para o imazapyr, sensível (CL50;7d = 21,10 mg L-1), e para os demais herbicidas testados, pouco sensível. A capacidade de resposta relativa a diferentes grupos de herbicidas somada à resposta padronizada às substâncias-referência e facilidade de cultivo em laboratório indicam potencial para o uso desta planta aquática na avaliação de risco de herbicidas em ambientes aquáticos.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish the mass cultivation of Wolffia brasiliensis under laboratory conditions, determine the sensitivity of reference substances (potassium dichromate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride), and estimate the acute toxicity (LC50;7d) for the herbicide glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and atrazine. Three media were tested for culture establishment: Hoagland’s medium, 5.0 g L-1 NPK fertilizer (20-5-20), a mixture of Oxisol + organic substrate of decaying aquatic plant (2:1; v v-1). Sensitivity tests with reference substances and acute toxicity for herbicides were carried out after establishing the cultivation. The species W. brasiliensis presented an excellent sensitivity response to reference substances, with means of LC50;7d of 15.61±2.13 g L-1, 17.02±0.50 g L-1, and 52.54±4.27 mg L-1 for sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium dichromate, respectively. The acute toxicity response indicated that W. brasiliensis was extremely sensitive to diquat (LC50;7d = 0.07 mg L-1) and paraquat (LC50;7d < 0.05 mg L-1), sensitive to imazapyr (LC50;7d = 21.10 mg L-1), and little sensitive to the other herbicides. The response capacity for the different groups of herbicides, the standardized response to reference substances, and ease of cultivation in the laboratory indicate the potential for using this aquatic plant in the assessment of herbicide risk in aquatic environments.

Abstract Over the last years extensively research has been carried out on full or partial substitution of supplies resources coming from renewable resources on traditionally non-renewable, in the case of the automobile sector there are progresses in bio-combustibles (biofuel) and synthetic oils coming from vegetable sources. There are strong efforts to find oil additives which can improve oils features in automobile industry, by adding vegetables oils to commercial lubricant oils, is expected to improve oil thermal stability. In the present research, different ratios of castor oil (ricinus comunis)-motor oil blends were obtained and their thermal properties were characterized by using the so-called Back and Front Photopyroelectric (BPPE/FPPE) techniques. Several oil-additives concentrations were measured and thermal diffusivities and effusivities as well as densities are reported, getting full thermal characterization for every concentration.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de proteína isolada de soja (P.I.S.) em ovos embrionados de matrizes semipesadas com diferentes idades. Foram utilizados 320 ovos embrionados de matrizes semipesadas da linhagem Rhode Island Red com 35 e 70 semanas de idade. Ao 17º dia de incubação, os ovos foram inoculados com 0,5mL de solução diretamente na cavidade alantoide. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (2 x 4), constituído por dois fatores: idades das matrizes (matrizes jovens e matrizes velhas) e soluções inoculadas (ovo íntegro; 0,5% de solução salina; 1% de P.I.S. + 0,5% de solução salina; e 2% de P.I.S. + 0,5% de solução salina), totalizando oito tratamentos contendo 40 ovos cada. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. A inoculação de proteína isolada de soja apresentou efeito positivo sobre a relação pinto-ovo, porém sem proporcionar melhora nos rendimentos de incubação, no desenvolvimento dos órgãos e no desempenho de pintos na fase pré-inicial. A idade da matriz influenciou diretamente as variáveis avaliadas, em que ovos oriundos de aves velhas apresentaram maior peso, maior mortalidade embrionária na fase tardia, pintos mais pesados e pior conversão alimentar.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of inoculation of isolated soy protein (P.I.S.) in embryonated eggs of semi-heavy with different ages. 320 embryonated eggs were used from semi-heavy breeders of Rhode Island Red lineage with 35 and 70 weeks of age. In the 17th day of incubation, the eggs were inoculated with 0.5 ml of solution in the allantoic cavity. The experimental method was completely randomized in factorial scheme (2 x 4), consisting of two factors: matrices ages (young and old matrices) and inoculation solutions (non-inoculated eggs; 0.5% of saline solution; 1% of P.I.S. + 0.5% of saline solution; and 2% of P.I.S. + 0.5% of saline solution, totalling eight treatments containing 40 eggs each. The inoculation of isolated soy protein showed positive effect on the chick-egg relation, albeit without improving incubation yields, organ development and chicks’s performance in the pre-initial phase. The age of the breeder directly influenced the variables evaluated, with eggs from older breeder showing better weight, higher embryonic mortality in late phase, heavier chicks and worse feed conversion.

In this article a mass-spring-damper system is studied. The influence of the viscosity of the fluid and the damping coefficient is analyzed by using three fluids, water, edible oil and gasoline engine oil SAE 10W-40. Numerical simulations using PPLANE and GeoGebra shown under the paradigm of problem-based learning (PBL) are performed. Comparing the three dampers it is made.

En el presente artículo se estudia un sistema masa-resorte-amotiguador. La influencia que ejerce la viscosidad del fluido y el valor del coeficiente de amortiguamiento viscoso es analizada mediante el empleo de tres fluidos, agua, aceite comestible y aceite para motor a gasolina SAE 10W-40. Se realizan las simulaciones numéricas utilizando PPLANE y GeoGebra bajo el paradigma del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP). Se hace la comparación de los tres amortiguadores.

Introduction: generic, preference-based Health- Related Quality of Life instruments are receiving growing attention in health-care decision-making process. In spite of this, to our knowledge, EQ-5D and SF-6D have never been compared in a Parkinson's disease population sample. Objective: the aim of this paper was to assess the psychometric properties of both instruments in a Spanish PD population sample. Methods: a total sample of 133 patients were interviewed using EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D. The validity, level of agreement and sensitivity of both instruments were computed and then compared. The Spanish tariff has been used in both instruments. Results: utilities of EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D have shown a strong correlation (r >0.50 and p<0.001) with the summary score of the PDQ-8 and the EQ-VAS score. Significant differences were observed in the stages III-IV of the Hoehn & Yahr stage. SF-6D had 51% higher efficiency than EQ-5D at detecting differences in symptoms severity. Discussion: both EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D seem to be adequate generic Health-Related Quality of Life measures in terms of validity and sensitivity. Conclusion: EQ-5D-3L presents greater ceiling and floor effects than the SF-6D instrument in this sample. Besides, the instrument SF-6D was better at detecting changes in symptoms severity compared with EQ-5D-3L.

Introducción: el uso de cuestionarios de calidad de vida basados en preferencias poblacionales están recibiendo cada vez más atención en el proceso de toma de decisiones en el ámbito sanitario. Sin embargo, a nuestro entender, EQ-5D y SF-6D nunca han sido comparados en una muestra de población con la enfermedad de Parkinson. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de ambos instrumentos en una muestra de población española con enfermos de Parkinson. Métodos: un total de 133 pacientes fueron entrevistados utilizando EQ-5D y SF-6D. La validez, el grado de acuerdo y la sensibilidad de ambos instrumentos fueron calculados para su posterior comparación. Las preferencias de la población española fueron utilizadas en ambos instrumentos. Resultados: las utilidades de EQ-5D y SF-6D han mostrado una fuerte correlación (r> 0,50 y p <0,001) con la puntuación resumen del PDQ-8 y la puntuación del EQ-VAS. Hubo diferencias significativas en los estadios III?IV de la etapa de Hoehn y Yahr. SF-6D mostró mayor eficiencia (51%) que EQ-5D en la detección de diferencias en la gravedad de los síntomas. Discusión: tanto EQ-5D como SF-6D parecen ser cuestionarios adecuados en términos de validez y sensibilidad. Conclusión: en esta muestra EQ-5D presenta mayor efecto techo y suelo que el instrumento SF-6D. Además, el instrumento SF-6D fue mejor en la detección de cambios en la gravedad de los síntomas en comparación con el EQ-5D.

Avaliaram-se as características da carcaça e da carne de tourinhos Nelore alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado e farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu na dieta. Foram utilizados 28 tourinhos da raça Nelore, com idade inicial de 21 meses e 356,66±19,25kg de peso corporal inicial, distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso em dietas com dois níveis de concentrado (65 e 71%), associadas ou não à inclusão de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu no concentrado. A elevação da fração concentrada na dieta de 65 para 71%, bem como a inclusão de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu no concentrado, não alterou a quantidade de músculo, gordura e osso da carcaça, com valores médios de 63,91; 19,46 e 16,63% do peso de carcaça fria, respectivamente. O rendimento dos cortes comerciais secundários do traseiro especial não foi alterado pela inclusão de 35% de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu no concentrado nem pelo teor de concentrado da dieta. A força ao cisalhamento das fibras musculares, a perda de líquido por descongelamento e cozimento não foram alteradas pelos fatores estudados, apresentando valores médios de 6,57kgf/cm3, 16,08% e 22,20%, respectivamente. O marmoreio aumentou (5,78 para 9,79 pontos) pelo avanço do nível de concentrado na dieta, mas não foi alterado pela inclusão do farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu. O farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu apresenta características nutricionais que possibilitam substituir parcialmente o milho em dietas com elevada proporção de concentrado, não alterando a composição física da carcaça e a qualidade da carne de tourinhos Nelore confinados.

Carcass characteristics and meat of young bulls fed different levels of concentrate and babassu mesocarp bran in the diet were evaluated. A total of 28 Nellore young bulls, initial age of 21 months and 356.66±19.25kg of initial body weight were randomized in diets containing two levels of concentrate (65% and 71) associated or not to the inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate. The elevation of the concentrate fraction of the diet from 65 to 71%, and the inclusion of 35% of babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate did not alter the amount of muscle, fat and bone of the carcass, with average values of 63.91, 19.46 and 16.63% of cold carcass weight, respectively. The yields of retail cuts from the pistol cut were not altered by the concentrate level of the diet or by the inclusion of 35% babassu mesocarp bran in the concentrate. The shear force of muscle fibers and the losses of liquid during thawing and cooking were not altered by the factors studied, with average values of 6.57kgf/cm3, 16.06% and 22.20%, respectively. Marbling increased (5.78 to 9.79 points) to advance the level of concentrate in the diet, but was not altered by the inclusion of babassu mesocarp bran. Babassu mesocarp bran has nutritional characteristics that allow partial replacement of corn in diets with high concentrate, not changing physical carcass composition and meat quality of confined young Nellore bulls.

The statistics of temporal integration of dynamically scattered light is commonly employed to calculate the correlation time of the light and related physical properties of the object that produce it, i.e. scatterer's speed. Recently, studying the statistics of time-averaged fluorescence intensity, it was reported that a small dead-time (1% of the exposure time) of the photo-detector increases the correlation time by one order of magnitude compared with an ideal photo-detector. Applying the same theory to the speckle contrast calculation for blood flow measurement, we found that the effect of dead-time is negligible compared to an ideal photo-detector for contrast calculation.

Introdução:A dissecção endoscópica da submucosa (ESD) já é procedimento consagrado no tratamento do câncer gástrico e esofagiano em suas fases precoces. As lesões colorre-tais, inicialmente abordadas por mucossectomia, em bloco ou em fragmentos, são o foco atual para a abordagem submucosa, principalmente para os tumores de crescimento lateral superficial a partir de 20 mm de diâmetro. A experiência de centros japoneses, referências em endoscopia terapêutica, demonstram redução no índice de recidiva da doença com esta abordagem e, segundo critérios histopatológicos específicos, podem evitar uma colectomia em alguns casos de neoplasia maligna.1-3Relato de caso:Trata-se de paciente de 50 anos, submetida à dissecção endoscópica da submucosa de lesão de crescimento lateral, com 50 mm, localizada no reto, a 8 cm da margem anal. O procedimento foi realizado sem maiores intercorrências, com apenas dois pontos de afastamento da muscular, sem perfuração grosseira, fechados com clipe. Entretanto, a paciente evoluiu com escape aéreo para peritônio, retroperitônio, mediastino e subcútis, sendo tratada sem intervenção adicional, apenas com manejo clínico.Conclusão:É de fundamental importância conhecer e saber aplicar a técnica da ESD, além de abordar suas complicações, uma vez que, mesmo repleta de benefícios em relação à cirurgia, ela pode apresentar desfechos graves.4,5

Introduction:Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an already established procedure in the treatment of gastric and esophageal cancer in its early stages. Colorectal lesions, initially approached by endoscopic mucosal resection en bloc or in fragments, are the current focus for submucosal approach, especially for superficial lateral spreading tumor of 20 mm-diameter. The experience of Japanese centers, which are reference in therapeutic endoscopy, demonstrates reduction in the rate of disease recurrence with this approach and, according to specific histopathological criteria, may avoid colectomy in some cases of malignant neoplasia.1-3Case report:The patient was 50-year-old female. She underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection of a rectal lateral spreading tumor measuring 50 mm, located 8 cm from the anal margin. The procedure was performed without major complications, with just two points for muscle layer detachment, without gross perforation and closed with metal clips. However, the patient developed air leakage to the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue, being only treated with clinical procedures and without additional intervention.Conclusion:It is vital to know and be able to apply the technique of ESD, in addition to addressing its complications, since despite the numerous benefits compared to surgery, ESD can result in serious outcomes.4,5

Apesar de bem estabelecida nos animais domésticos, a abordagem da distribuição nervosa distal do joelho é rara em animais selvagens. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os nervos da perna e pé do Myrmecophaga tridactyla, com ênfase na sua ramificação, distribuição, topografia e território de inervação. Para tanto, foram utilizados seis cadáveres adultos, fixados e conservados em solução de formalina a 10%. A dissecação envolveu desde a formação dos nervos femoral e isquiático pelos ramos ventrais dos nervos espinhais lombares e sacrais até sua distribuição nos territórios propostos. Os nervos responsáveis pela inervação da perna e pé do M. tridactyla foram o N. safeno (ramo do N. femoral), os nervos fibular comum e tibial e o N. cutâneo lateral da sura (derivados do N. isquiático) e o N. cutâneo caudal da sura (ramo do N. tibial). O nervo safeno emite ramos cutâneos para a superfície craniomedial da perna, medial do tarso e metatarso e dorsomedial dos dedos I e II (100% dos casos), III (50% dos casos) e IV (25% dos casos). O nervo cutâneo lateral da sura inerva a região cutânea craniolateral do joelho e perna. O nervo fibular inerva os músculos flexores do tarso e extensores dos dedos e a região cutânea craniolateral da perna e dorsolateral do pé. O nervo tibial inerva os músculos extensores do tarso e flexores, adutores e abdutores dos dedos e região cutânea plantar. O nervo cutâneo caudal da sura inerva a pele da face caudal da perna. Pode-se concluir que os nervos responsáveis pela inervação da perna e pé foram os mesmos relatados em animais domésticos e selvagens, porém com algumas diferenças, como a divisão mais distal do nervo fibular comum, ausência de ramos metatarsianos dorsais do N. fibular profundo e uma maior participação do nervo safeno na inervação digital, contribuindo com ramos inclusive para os dedos III e IV, além dos dedos I e II.

Although distal stifle joint nerve distribution has been well established in domestic animals, this approach is scarcely reported in wild animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the nerves of the leg and foot of Myrmecophaga tridactyla with emphasis on their ramification, distribution, topography and territory of innervation. For this purpose, six adult cadavers fixed and preserved in 10% formalin solution were used. The nerves of the leg and foot of the M. tridactylawere the saphenous nerve (femoral nerve branch), fibular and tibial nerves and lateral sural cutaneous nerve (branches of the sciatic nerve) and caudal sural cutaneous nerve (tibial nerve branch). The saphenous nerve branches to the skin, the craniomedial surface of the leg, the medial surface of the tarsal and metatarsal regions and the dorsomedial surface of the digits I and II (100% of cases), III (50% of cases) and IV (25% of cases). The lateral sural cutaneous nerve innervates the skin of the craniolateral region of the knee and leg. The fibular nerve innervates the flexor and extensor muscles of the tarsal region of the digits and skin of the craniolateral surface of the leg and dorsolateral surface of the foot. The tibial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the tarsal joint and flexor, adductor and abductor muscles of the digits and the skin of the plantar surface. The caudal sural cutaneous nerve innervates the skin of the caudal surface of the leg. The nerves responsible for the leg and foot innervation were the same as reported in domestic and wild animals, but with some differences, such as the more distal division of the common fibular nerve, the absence of dorsal metatarsal branches of the deep fibular nerve and a greater involvement of the saphenous nerve in the digital innervation with branches to the digits III and IV, in addition to digits I and II.

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds present in plants where they play an important role to prevent the attack of viruses, bacteria and fungi. Despite the fact that polyphenols inhibit the microbial growth, adaptation process has allowed developing mechanisms to transform them. One mechanism is the production of tannase, which has been obtained mostly from fungi. In recent years, some tannase producer bacteria have been isolated from different sources, mainly from animals and human intestine and feces as well as from fermented food and fruit wastes. Obtaining high titers of bacterial tannase depends mainly on the culture medium composition, the bacterial strain and the process optimization of culture conditions. This paper presents an overview of the recent investigations regarding the production, the physicochemical and molecular characteristics, the applications and the potential uses of bacterial tannases.

Los taninos son compuestos polifenólicos presentes en las plantas, en las cuales desempeñan un papel importante al evitar el ataque de virus, bacterias y hogos. A pesar de que los polifenoles inhiben el crecimiento microbiano, algunos microorganismos han desarrollado mecanismos para hidrolizarlos, uno de estos mecanismo es la producción de la enzima tanasa, la cual se ha obtenido mayoritariamente de hongos. Por otro lado, en los últimos años se han aislado bacterias productoras de tanasa de diversas fuentes, principalmente del intestino y heces de animales y humanos, así como de alimentos fermentados y de los desechos de algunos frutos. La obtención de altos títulos de tanasas bacterianas dependerá principalmente de la composición del medio de cultivo, de la cepa bacteriana y de una efectiva optimización de las condiciones de cultivo. Este documento presenta una revisión de las investigaciones recientes realizadas en torno a la producción, a las características fisicoquímicas y moleculares, a las aplicaciones y usos potenciales de las tanasas bacterianas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass yield and blood proteins of 200 male broilers (Cobb 500) on the 821 days of age period, fed diets based on corn and soybean meal containing 0, 6, 12 and 18 % of babassu (Orbignya martiana) mesocarp flour (FMB), distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (levels of FMB, diets formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous), five replicates and a experimental unit with 10 broilers. At 21 days old the broilers were slaughtered to evaluate carcass yield, and blood proteins. The inclusion of FMB not affected feed intake, but decreased the weight gain and feed conversion in the level 18 %. Carcass yield was affected in the highest levels of inclusion. The levels of total protein and globulins were the lower in the 6 % of inclusion. In conclusion, the addition up to 12 % of FMB did not compromise the performance of broiler. The inclusion of this ingredient increases the cost per kg of chicken produced and decreases the gross margin, being economically unviable.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça e proteínas do sangue de 200 frangos de corte (machos, Cobb 500), no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas a base de milho e farelo de soja contendo 0, 6, 12 e 18 % de farinha do mesocarpo de babaçu (Orbignya martiana) (FMB), distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos (níveis de FMB, rações formuladas para serem isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas), 5 repetições, sendo cada parcela experimental composta por 10 aves. Aos 21 dias de idade as aves foram abatidas para avaliação de rendimento de carcaça, e proteínas do sangue. A inclusão da FMB não afetou o consumo de ração, porém piorou o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar no nível de 18 %. O rendimento de carcaça foi afetado nos maiores níveis de inclusão. Os menores níveis de proteína total e globulinas foram observados na inclusão de 6 %. Conclui-se que a adição de até 12 % de farinha do mesocarpo de babaçu nas rações não compromete o desempenho. A inclusão de FMB aumenta o custo por kg de frango produzido e reduz a margem bruta, sendo economicamente inviável.

Several forebrain and brainstem neurochemical circuitries interact with peripheral neural and humoral signals to collaboratively maintain both the volume and osmolality of extracellular fluids. Although much progress has been made over the past decades in the understanding of complex mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine control of hydromineral homeostasis, several issues still remain to be clarified. The use of techniques such as molecular biology, neuronal tracing, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and microinfusions has significantly improved our ability to identify neuronal phenotypes and their signals, including those related to neuron-glia interactions. Accordingly, neurons have been shown to produce and release a large number of chemical mediators (neurotransmitters, neurohormones and neuromodulators) into the interstitial space, which include not only classic neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, amines (noradrenaline, serotonin) and amino acids (glutamate, GABA), but also gaseous (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) and lipid-derived (endocannabinoids) mediators. This efferent response, initiated within the neuronal environment, recruits several peripheral effectors, such as hormones (glucocorticoids, angiotensin II, estrogen), which in turn modulate central nervous system responsiveness to systemic challenges. Therefore, in this review, we shall evaluate in an integrated manner the physiological control of body fluid homeostasis from the molecular aspects to the systemic and integrated responses.

A proteína C reativa (PCR) é uma das proteínas de fase aguda cuja solicitação tem crescido de forma exponencial em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. Neste estudo, a utilidade da PCR em diversas situações clínicas foi revisada por um grupo de médicos composto por especialistas em Medicina Interna, Emergências Médicas, Terapia Intensiva, Rastreamento e Medicina Laboratorial com o objetivo de analisar a literatura pertinente e propor diretrizes para o uso mais racional desse exame laboratorial. O resultado foi a criação de fluxogramas orientadores da solicitação de PCR adaptados a quatro ambientes assistenciais diferentes, sendo eles unidades de terapia intensiva, pronto-socorro, enfermarias e ambulatórios. Esses fluxogramas e uma discussão mais detalhada sobre as diversas indicações clínicas do exame são apresentados neste estudo.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein whose requests have been growing exponentially in several countries, including Brazil. In this study, the use of CRP in several clinical situations was reviewed by a group of physicians comprised by specialists in internal medicine, medical emergencies, intensive care, screening, and laboratory medicine, aiming to analyze the applicable literature and to propose guidelines for a more rational use of this laboratory test. The result was the creation of flowcharts guiding CRP request, adjusted to four different healthcare environments, namely, intensive care units, emergency room, wards, and outpatient clinics. These flowcharts, as well as a more detailed discussion on several clinical recommendations for the test, are presented in this study.