ABSTRACT Introduction: Transfusion of red blood cells is recurrent in cardiac surgery despite the well-established deleterious effects. Identifying patients with higher chances of requiring blood transfusion is essential to apply strategic preventive measures to reduce such chances, considering the restricted availability of this product. The most used risk scores to predict blood transfusion are the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) and Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST). However, these scores were not validated for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of TRACK and TRUST scores in estimating the need for postoperative transfusion of red blood cell concentrates (TRBCC) after cardiac surgery. Methods: A clinical retrospective study was conducted using the database of a Brazilian reference service composed of patients operated between November 2019 and September 2021. Scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test assessed calibration of the scores. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All analyses considered a level of significance of 5%. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (CAAE 55577421.4.0000.5201). Results: This study assessed 498 patients. Only the TRACK score presented good calibration (P=0.238; TRUST P=0.034). AUC of TRACK was 0.678 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.73; P<0.001), showing a significant accuracy. Conclusion: Between the scores analyzed, only the TRACK score showed a good calibration, but low accuracy, to predict postoperative TRBCC after cardiac surgery.

Abstract The concepts of family and househods are constantly changing over time and space. More recently, an inversely proportional relationship between the two is on course. On the one hand, the increase in the number of households. On the other hand, the decrease in the number of its members. It is relatively common for household surveys to limit the family nucleus to the physical limits of the residence. However, it’s just an analytical strategy, since empirical evidence shows that different households based on kin or non-kin relations maintain a close dialogue with each other. They make up, therefore, a kind of network of aids and supports, material and immaterial ones. The present research intends to deal with what we call here Plurihousehold Social Support Networks (PSSN) and their characteristics. We went to the field to map them, applying the approach of social networks in two census districts in the city of Cacoal, located in the state of Rondônia (Brazil). We selected them, above all, according to the income aspect. The data suggest that their size, format and content are strongly influenced by income variable and, thus, are spatially defined according to locational predispositions, that is, according to physical-geographical proximity requirements.

Resumo Os conceitos de família e domicílio transformam-se e influenciam-se constantemente ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Mais recentemente, está em jogo uma relação inversamente proporcional entre ambos. De um lado, o aumento do número de domicílios. De outro, a diminuição do número de seus integrantes. É relativamente comum, pesquisas domiciliares circunscreverem o núcleo familiar aos limites físicos da residência. Recortá-lo, porém, trata-se apenas de uma estratégia analítica, já que a empiria demonstra que diferentes domicílios com núcleos aparentados ou não mantêm estreita relação entre si. Compõem, portanto, uma espécie de rede de ajudas, suportes e auxílios, materiais e imateriais. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa tem como intuito versar sobre o que aqui denominamos redes pluridomiciliares e suas características. Fomos a campo mapeá-los, aplicando a abordagem de redes sociais em dois setores censitários na cidade de Cacoal, localizada no estado de Rondônia. Selecionamo-os, sobretudo, segundo a variável renda. Os dados sugerem que o tamanho, o formato e o conteúdo das Redes Pluridomiciliares de Suporte Social (RPSS) são fortemente influenciados por ela e, assim, manifestam-se espacialmente segundo predisposições locacionais, é dizer, de acordo com quesitos de proximidade físico-geográfica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Transfusion of red blood cells is recurrent in cardiac surgery despite the well-established deleterious effects. Identifying patients with higher chances of requiring blood transfusion is essential to apply strategic preventive measures to reduce such chances, considering the restricted availability of this product. The most used risk scores to predict blood transfusion are the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) and Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST). However, these scores were not validated for the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of TRACK and TRUST scores in estimating the need for postoperative transfusion of red blood cell concentrates (TRBCC) after cardiac surgery. Methods: A clinical retrospective study was conducted using the database of a Brazilian reference service composed of patients operated between November 2019 and September 2021. Scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test assessed calibration of the scores. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All analyses considered a level of significance of 5%. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (CAAE 55577421.4.0000.5201). Results: This study assessed 498 patients. Only the TRACK score presented good calibration (P=0.238; TRUST P=0.034). AUC of TRACK was 0.678 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.73; P<0.001), showing a significant accuracy. Conclusion: Between the scores analyzed, only the TRACK score showed a good calibration, but low accuracy, to predict postoperative TRBCC after cardiac surgery.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a relação do polimorfismo do gene UGT1A1*28 com a prevalência de neutropenia em pacientes com câncer colorretal submetidos a tratamento com o irinotecano. Método Foram incluídos 13 estudos sobre o tema proposto, selecionados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, International Health Sciences Literature e PubMed.Os dados foramcoletados dos artigos científicos selecionados e avaliados com o auxílio do software BioEstat 5.3 (BioEstat, Belém, PA, Brasil). Resultados Osgenótipos analisados foram6/6 (tipo selvagem), 6/7 e 7/7. Foramincluídos 2.146 pacientes. Destes, 55,6% (n=1.193) apresentaram genótipo 6/6, 37,3% (n=801) eramheterozigotos (6/7) e 7,1%(n=152) tinhamo genótipo 7/7.Umtotal de 1.672 (77,9%) pacientes apresentou neutropenia leve e 474 (22,1%) neutropenia severa. Ao contrastar os genótipos 6/7 e 7/7 como 6/6, percebeu-se, coma execução dos testes estatísticos demetaanálise, que os pacientes como alelo 7, emhomozigose ou heterozigose, tinhammaior risco de desenvolver neutropenia severa que pacientes com o genótipo 6/6 (razão de chances =1,559; intervalo de confiança de 95%=1,163-2,090; p=0,003). Conclusão A análise do polimorfismo do gene UGT1A1*28 pode auxiliar na escolha do tratamento do paciente comcâncer colorretal, no contexto da medicina personalizada, ampliando, assim, as chances de sucesso terapêutico.

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between UGT1A1*28 gene polymorphism and the prevalence of neutropenia in patients with colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan. Method Thirteen studies were included. These papers were selected from the Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, International Health Sciences Literature and PubMed, and their data were collected and evaluated using the BioEstat 5.3 software (BioEstat, Belém, PA, Brazil). Results Three genotypes were analyzed, namely 6/6 (wild type), 6/7, and 7/7. In total, 2,146 patients were included in the present study; of these, 55.6% (n=1,193) had 6/6 genotype, 37.3% (n=801) were heterozygous (6/7), and 7.1% (n=152) had the 7/7 genotype. A total of 1,672 (77.9%) patients displayed mild neutropenia, whereas 474 (22.1%) had severe neutropenia. When contrasting the 6/7 and 7/7 genotypes with the 6/6 genotype using statistical tests for meta-analysis, patients with the 7 allele, either Conclusion The analysis of the UGT1A1*28 gene polymorphism can aid the choice of treatment for patients with colorectal cancer in personalized medicine, increasing the chances of therapeutic success.

Resumo Objetivo Esta meta-análise teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade da colonografia por tomografia computadorizada na detecção de pólipos colorretais. Métodos Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados da PubMed e da Web of Science. Resultados Um total de 1.872 pacientes, 57,2% homens e 42,8% mulheres, com idades entre 49 a 82 anos de idade (média de 59,7 ± 5,3 anos) foram incluídos nesta meta análise. A sensibilidade da colonografia por tomografia computadorizada foi estimada em 88,4% (46,3-95,7%; coeficiente de variância [CV]=28,5%) e a especificidade em 73,6% (47,4%-100,0%; CV=37,5%). Para lesões de até 9mm, a sensibilidade foi de 82,5% (62,0-99,9%; CV=25,1%) e a especificidade de 79,2% (32,0-98,0%; CV=22,9%). Para lesõesmaiores que 9mm, a sensibilidade foi de 90,2% (64,0-100,0%; CV=7,4%) e a especificidade de 94,7% (80,0-100,0%; CV=6,2%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as sensibilidades por tamanho da lesão (p=0,0958), porém a especificidade foi maior em lesões acima de 9mm (p<0,0001). Conclusão A maioria dos estudos analisados no presente trabalho foi realizada antes de 2010, cerca de uma década depois que a colonografia por tomografia computadorizada passou a ser indicada como método de triagem pelas diretrizes europeias e americanas. Portanto, são necessários mais estudos com o objetivo de analisar a técnica apósmaiores avanços tecnológicos, o que poderia levar ao desenvolvimento de dispositivos mais modernos.

Abstract Objective This metanalysis aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography colonography in colorectal polyp detection. Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results A total of 1,872 patients (males 57.2%, females 42.8%) aged 49 to 82 years old (mean age 59.7 ± 5.3 years) were included in this metanalysis. The estimated sensitivity of computed tomography colonography was 88.4% (46.3-95.7%, coefficient of variation [CV]=28.5%) and the estimated specificity was 73.6% (47.4-100.0%, CV=37.5%). For lesions up to 9mm, the sensitivity was 82.5% (62.0-99.9%, CV =25.1%) and the specificity was 79.2% (32.0-98.0%, CV=22.9%). For lesions>9mm, the sensitivity was 90.2% (64.0-100.0%, CV=7.4%) and the specificity was 94.7% (80.0-100.0%, CV=6.2%). No statistically significant differences in sensitivity according to the size of the lesion were found (p=0.0958); however, the specificity was higher for lesions>9mm (p<0.0001). Conclusions Most of the studies analyzed in the present work were conducted before 2010, which is about a decade after computed tomography colonography started being indicated as a screening method by European and American guidelines. Therefore, more studies aimed at analyzing the technique after further technological advancements are necessary, which could lead to the development of more modern devices.

Abstract In the last decades, Periodontal Regeneration has been one of the most discussed topics in Periodontics, attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians. This can be justified by the evident and continuous progress observed in the field, characterized by a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, significant improvement of operative and technical principles, and the emergence of a wide range of biomaterials available for this purpose. Together, these aspects put the theme much in evidence in the search for functional and esthetic therapeutic solutions for periodontal tissue destruction. Despite the evident evolution, periodontal regeneration may be challenging and require the clinician to carefully evaluate each case before making a therapeutic decision. With a critical reassessment of the clinical and preclinical literature, the present study aimed to discuss the topic to answer whether Periodontal Regeneration is still a goal in clinical periodontology. The main aspects involved in the probability of success or failure of regenerative approaches were considered. A greater focus was given to intrabony and furcation defects, clinical conditions with greater therapeutic predictability. Aspects such as more appropriate materials/approaches, long-term benefits and their justification for a higher initial cost were discussed for each condition. In general, deep intrabony defects associated with residual pockets and buccal/lingual class II furcation lesions have predictable and clinically relevant results. Careful selection of the case (based on patient and defect characteristics) and excellent maintenance are essential conditions to ensure initial and long-term success.

Resumo A Lei Federal n. 10.257/2001, por meio do segundo artigo, preconiza o direito às cidades sustentáveis através, por exemplo, do direito à terra urbana, à moradia, ao saneamento ambiental e, não menos importante, à infraestrutura urbana. Nesse sentido, interessa ao presente artigo investigar a associação entre Planos Diretores e infraestrutura urbana. Almeja-se compreender, ainda que resumidamente, os efeitos de políticas de planejamento local na qualidade de infraestrutura urbana. Para tanto são manejados e analisados os dados oriundos da pesquisa Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros (MUNIC) entre 2004 e 2013. As análises são complementadas com as Informações dos Municípios Paulistas (IMP), da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE) do Estado de São Paulo. Tais dados possibilitam a construção de um indicador sintético que abranje diferentes domínios: água, esgoto, resíduos sólidos, energia etc. Por fim, optou-se por realizar as análises estatísticas por meio do software R, correlacionando ambas as variáveis através do coeficiente ponto-bisserial.

Abstract Federal Law 10.257/2001 - in its second article - advocates the right to sustainable cities through, for example, the right to urban land, housing, environmental sanitation and, not least, urban infrastructure. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the correlation between master plans and urban infrastructure. The aim was to understand, albeit briefly, the effects of local planning policies on the quality of urban infrastructure. In order to achieve this we have processed and analyzed the data from the survey “Profile of Brazilian Municipalities” (MUNIC) between 2004 and 2013. The analyzes are supplemented with information from Municipalities of the state of Sao Paulo (IMP), from the State System Foundation for Data Analysis (SEADE) in Sao Paulo. The available data allowed us to quickly create a synthetic indicator that cover different areas: water, sewage, solid waste, energy, etc. Finally yet importantly, we have decided to perform the statistical analysis using the R software, correlating both variables through the point-biserial coefficient.

Resumo A política econômica segregadora e a inexistência ou ineficiência de políticas habitacionais são aspectos que aprofundam as desigualdades sociais entre os diferentes segmentos de renda. O Uruguai, por meio da chamada “Ley de Vivienda”, buscou solucionar a debilidade habitacional positivando o direito à moradia e regulamentando a inserção de cooperativas ao acesso às políticas públicas. A lei, ainda em vigor, possibilita que o bem imóvel seja tratado como direito, não apenas como propriedade, e permite que as cooperativas atuem no processo de planejamento, execução e administração dos projetos habitacionais, princípio compreendido como autogestão. No Brasil, os primeiros programas que atendiam à demanda habitacional eram fragmentários, atendendo a uma pequena parcela dos demandantes. Com o surgimento do Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH) ampliou-se o acesso ao crédito para obtenção de moradia. As cooperativas habitacionais estavam incluídas nesse programa, compreendendo o atendimento do mercado de renda média. Com o fim do BNH e a insatisfação decorrente da crise econômica, surgiram movimentos sociais em torno da questão da moradia urbana, buscando articulações práticas e políticas para transformar a moradia em direito. No fim da década de 1980, o intercâmbio de experiências com o Uruguai iniciou a abordagem do ingresso das cooperativas na habitação de interesse social; um aspecto, até então, não experimentado no Brasil. Utilizando o método histórico-descritivo, este estudo resulta de análise dos ordenamentos normativos e de produções acadêmicas sobre o tema. Busca-se compreender a participação das cooperativas na habitação popular e suas dificuldades de acesso às políticas públicas habitacionais.

Abstract The segregating economic policy and the inexistence or inefficiency of housing policies are aspects that deepen the social inequalities between the population in different income segments. Uruguay, through the so-called “Ley de Vivienda” (Housing Law), sought to solve the housing debasement by promoting the right to housing and regulating the insertion of cooperatives in access to public policies. The law allows property to be treated as a right, not just as property, and allows cooperatives to act in the planning, execution and administration of housing projects, a principle understood as self-management. In Brazil, the first programs that met the housing demand were fragmented, serving a small portion of the applicants. With the advent of the National Housing Bank (BNH), access to credit for housing was increased. Housing cooperatives were included in this program, including the provision of the middle income market. With the end of the BNH and the dissatisfaction due to the economic crisis, social movements emerged around the issue of urban housing, seeking practical and political articulations to transform the right to housing into law. At the end of the 1980s, the exchange of experiences with Uruguay began to approach the entry of cooperatives into housing of social interest; an aspect previously untested in Brazil. Using the historical-descriptive method, this study results from an analysis of normative and academic production on the subject. It seeks to understand the participation of cooperatives in popular housing and their difficulties in accessing public housing policies.

Resumen La política económica segregadora y la inexistencia o ineficiencia de políticas habitacionales son aspectos que profundizan las desigualdades sociales entre los diferentes segmentos de renta. Uruguay, por medio de la llamada Ley de Vivienda, buscó solucionar la debilidad habitacional, positivando el derecho a la vivienda y regulando la inserción de cooperativas al acceso a las políticas públicas. La ley, aún en vigor, posibilita que el bien inmueble sea tratado como derecho, no solo como propiedad, y permite que las cooperativas actúen en el proceso de planificación, ejecución y administración de los proyectos habitacionales, principio comprendido como autogestión. En Brasil, los primeros programas que atendían a la demanda habitacional eran fragmentarios, atendiendo a una pequeña parte de los demandantes. Con el surgimiento del Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH) se amplió el acceso al crédito para la obtención de vivienda. Las cooperativas habitacionales estaban incluidas en ese programa, comprendiendo la atención del mercado de renta media. Con el fin del BNH y la insatisfacción resultante de la crisis económica, surgieron movimientos sociales en torno a la cuestión de la vivienda urbana, buscando articulaciones prácticas y políticas para transformar la vivienda en derecho. A finales de la década de 1980, el intercambio de experiencias con Uruguay inició el abordaje del ingreso de las cooperativas en la vivienda de interés social; un aspecto, hasta entonces, no experimentado en Brasil. Utilizando el método histórico-descriptivo, este estudio resulta del análisis de los ordenamientos normativos y de producciones académicas sobre el tema. Se busca comprender la participación de las cooperativas en la vivienda popular y sus dificultades de acceso a las políticas públicas habitacionales.

Abstract Invasive aspergillosis is a common fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals. Some studies have shown that toll-like receptor and dectin-1 genetic polymorphisms may alter signaling pathways, thus increasing an individual’s susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. We investigated the pertinent literature to determine whether polymorphisms in the genes encoding toll-like receptors and dectin-1 increase the susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. This study systematically reviewed the literature using the databases PubMed/PMC, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords invasive aspergillosis, polymorphism, Toll-like, and Dectin-1. From the initial search, 415 studies were found and according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight studies were selected. Several studies described single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with a greater susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. These SNPs were found in the genes that encode toll-like receptors 1, 3, 4, and 5 and the gene that encodes dectin-1; upon activation, both cellular receptors initiate a signaling cascade that can result in the production of cytokines and chemokines. Thus, our literature review uncovered a significant association between polymorphisms in the genes that encode toll-like receptors and dectin-1 and invasive aspergillosis. More studies should be performed to better understand the relationship between toll-like receptor and dectin-1 genetic polymorphisms and invasive aspergillosis susceptibility.

Resumo Após 2002, novos instrumentos e objetivos foram adicionados à política habitacional nacional, voltados para a inclusão e a equidade social ao propor a garantia de acesso à habitação para a população financeiramente mais carente. Nesse sentido, interessa ao presente estudo investigar a acurácia do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV), elucidando se os aportes estão, de fato, atingindo a população mais privada de meios físico-financeiros para adquiri-la. A bibliografia recente aponta o contrário. Presume-se, portanto, que a relação público alvo/público atingido divirja. Para tanto, lança-se mão de dados provenientes da Secretaria Nacional de Habitação (SNH) e da Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), que esmiúçam o déficit habitacional municipal e os empreendimentos destinados a saná-lo, segundo faixas de renda e localização. Os dados, por sua vez, compreendem os empreendimentos aprovados, não necessariamente executados, até 2013 no Estado de São Paulo. Opta-se por utilizá-lo como recorte territorial, haja vista que apresenta os mais significativos valores absolutos de déficit habitacional da União. Nota-se que a política habitacional brasileira é territorialmente abrangente e correlata à presença do déficit, entretanto persiste a reprodução de desigualdades de acesso à moradia por meio de critérios de renda.

Abstract New instruments and goals have been recently, and especially after 2002, added to the national housing policy. They have focused on social inclusion and equality by proposing the guarantee of access to housing for the economically less favored classes of the population. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the “My House, My Life” Program (MHMLP), in order to elucidate whether the subsidies have in fact benefited the population that is most deprived of physical and financial means to obtain housing. Recent bibliography indicates the contrary. It is assumed, therefore, that the relation between the target public and benefited public diverges from the expected. To this end, data from the National Housing Secretariat (NHS) and the Federal Savings Bank (FSB) were used to provide a detailed explanation of the municipal housing deficit and the projects aimed at solving it according to income and location. In turn, the data include projects that were approved – but not necessarily executed –until 2013 in the state of São Paulo. These are used as territorial cutting because they present the most significant absolute values of the Union´s housing deficit. It is, therefore, evident that the Brazilian housing policy is territorially extensive and correlated with the existence of deficit. The reproduction of inequalities in the access to housing by means of income criteria persists.

ABSTRACT Eight rumen-cannulated steers were assigned to two 4 × 4 balanced Latin squares to evaluate degradability and kinetics of fiber particles from diets based on corn silage and supplements with or without addition of lipids. Dietary treatments were: only corn silage (T1), corn silage plus concentrate with no added lipids (T2), corn silage plus concentrate with added soybean oil (T3), and corn silage plus concentrate containing ground soybean seeds (T4). Kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of fibrous particles was evaluated based on chromium-mordanted fiber. Events of rumen degradation dynamics of fibrous carbohydrates were quantified using the in situ incubation procedure. The mixed models methodology from SAS was used to fit models and the Tukey test was used to compare means. The ruminal digestibility of fiber was lower in treatments T3 and T4 and, consequently, lower proportions of potentially digestible fraction of standardized fiber and higher proportions of indigestible fraction of standardized fiber for treatments T3 and T4 compared with T1 and T2 were observed. However, there were no differences in mean retention time of the rumen, total mean retention time, mean digestion time, and rumen fill among diets. Animals from T2, T3, and T4 showed higher dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and crude protein intake rates than animals receiving T1 diet, but there was no effect of the addition of lipid. Treatments did not differ regarding neutral detergent fiber intake. Animals from T1 had lower crude fat intake than animals from T2, which showed lower crude fat intake than those from T3 and T4. The addition of lipid to concentrate has no effect on passage rate, digestion rate, and intake, when a good quality roughage is used.

RESUMO: O estudo examinou a eficácia de um dispositivo intravítreo de liberação de dexametasona para o controle da inflamação ocular em cães, após facoemulsificação. Um dispositivo de copolímero poli (ácido lático-co-glicólico) foi implantado via pars plana na câmera vítrea, imediatamente antes da facoemulsificação (grupo dispositivo [GD], n=20). Após a cirurgia, o grupo controle (GC) recebeu terapia esteroide, midriático e antibiótico. O mesmo protocolo de tratamento foi adotado no GD, exceto pelos esteroides. Todos os olhos foram examinados antes do procedimento e em diferentes tempos após a facoemulsificação. A ultrassonografia mostrou que o dispositivo diminuiu em tamanho, sendo observado, apenas, remanescentes aos 60 dias de pós-operatório (DPO). Sinais de uveíte foram observados em 35% do GD no DPO 7, entretanto, no DPO 14, 50% dos olhos tiveram sinais de uveíte e requereram terapia esteroide local. A pressão intraocular (PIO) foi maior no GD, comparativamente ao GC, imediatamente após a cirurgia. A PIO não diferiu no DPO 7 e no DPO 14, entretanto foi menor nos momentos pós-operatórios mais tardios (DPO 30 a 90). Valores de flare foram maiores no GD que no GC, imediatamente após a cirurgia, mas não mostraram diferenças nos momentos subsequentes. Em suma, o dispositivo intravítreo de dexametasona não controlou adequadamente a inflamação intraocular em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação.

ABSTRACT: This study examined the efficacy of an intravitreal dexamethasone-loaded device for the control of postoperative ocular inflammation in dogs following phacoemulsification. Twenty dogs with bilateral mature senile cataracts were prepared for surgery using routine protocols. A biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer device was inserted through the pars plana into the vitreous chamber immediately before phacoemulsification (device group [DG], n=20). Following surgery, a conventional group (CG) received local and systemic steroids, mydriatics, and antibiotic therapy. The same treatment protocol was adopted in DG, except for steroids. All eyes were examined before surgery and at various times after phacoemulsification. Ultrasonography showed gradual device shrinkage, with only remnants remaining at postoperative day (POD) 60. Signs of uveitis were observed in 35% of the DG on POD 7, but by POD 14, 50% of eyes showed signs of uveitis and these eyes required local steroid therapy. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in the DG than in the CG immediately after surgery. IOP did not differ on POD 7 and POD 14, but was lower during the late postoperative period (POD 30 to 90). Flare values were greater in the DG than in the CG immediately following surgery, but showed no subsequent differences. In summary, the intravitreal dexamethasone device did not adequately control intraocular inflammation in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.

Não é de hoje que diversos estudos atribuem grande importância à redistribuição espacial da população provocada a partir de movimentos migratórios nos processos de expansão urbana. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é destacar e delimitar ainda mais o estudo desses fluxos e movimentos, a partir da noção de redes sociais. Noção já largamente utilizada desde o final da década de 1970 em estudos sobre migração internacional, mas ainda pouco apropriada nos trabalhos sobre movimentos migratórios internos, principalmente os de curta distância, tais como os intrametropolitanos. Para tanto, são utilizados os dados de uma pesquisa domiciliar, realizada em 2007, a fim de levantar e analisar informações mais específicas sobre tais redes, uma vez que estas inexistem nas usuais fontes secundárias de dados. Dessa forma, a Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista, além de ser encarada como recorte espacial, é também tomada como objeto de estudo do projeto temático "Vulnerabilidade das Metrópoles Paulistas". A pesquisa domiciliar realizada permite, ainda, análises intramunicipais e intraurbanas a partir das chamadas zonas de vulnerabilidade.

For quite some time now studies have recognized the importance of processes of spatial redistribution of the population caused by migration flows, and the consequences of migration on urban expansion. The major concern in this paper is to highlight and further circumscribe the scope of studies on flows and movements based on the notion of social networks. This notion has been used since the late 1970s, especially in studies on international migration, but it is still rarely applied to internal migration studies, especially short distance migrations such as intra-metropolitan flows. For this purpose we conducted a study on the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Area (the urban area around the Atlantic Port of Santos, Brazil), based on data from a survey conducted in 2007. This data base gives us details on population mobility in the region and provides interesting information for analyzing factors related to the impact of social networks on migration processes. The survey enabled us to analyze the dynamics of intra-urban and intra-metropolitan mobility based on the concept of vulnerability zones.

Hace ya bastante tiempo que diversos estudios atribuyen una gran importancia a la redistribución espacial de la población provocada por movimientos migratorios en los procesos de expansión urbana. De este modo, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es destacar y delimitar todavía más el estudio de tales flujos y movimientos, a partir de la noción de redes sociales. Noción ya ampliamente utilizada desde fines de la década de 1970 en estudios sobre la migración internacional, pero aún poco apropiada en los trabajos sobre movimientos migratorios internos, principalmente los de corta distancia, tales como los intrametropolitanos. Para ello se utilizan los datos de una encuesta de hogares realizada en 2007, con el propósito de levantar y analizar información más específica sobre tales redes, una vez que ella no existe en las usuales fuentes secundarias de datos. De esta forma, la Región Metropolitana de la Baixada Santista, además de considerarse como un recorte espacial, también es tomada como objeto de estudio del proyecto temático "Vulnerabilidad de las Metrópolis Paulistas". La encuesta de hogares realizada permite asimismo realizar análisis intramunicipales e intraurbanos a partir de las llamadas zonas de vulnerabilidad.

We report three cases of stings by Africanized bees in cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Erythema, subcutaneous edema, necrosis accompanied by skin detachment, and subsequent skin regeneration were observed, especially on the head and dewlap. Histopathological examinations performed 45 days later revealed complete skin reepithelialization with moderate dermal fibrosis. The clinical picture and differential diagnosis are discussed in the present manuscript, with a focus on photosensitization, which causes cutaneous lesions on the head (sequela) with cicatricial curving of the ears and can be very similar to what is observed in cattle attacked by swarms of bees. The distinction between photosensitization and bee sting lesions can be made with a focus on history and clinical and pathological aspects.

Objetivou-se avaliar as estimativas de concentração de matéria seca (MSi), fibra em detergente neutro (FDNi) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDAi) indigestíveis em amostras de alimentos e fezes bovinas processadas em diferentes tamanhos de partículas (1, 2 e 3 mm) utilizando-se sacos confeccionados com os tecidos nylon (50 μm), F57 (Ankom®) e tecido não-tecido (TNT - 100 g/m²) em procedimento de avaliação in situ. Foram utilizadas oito amostras de alimentos concentrados, sete de alimentos volumosos e duas de fezes bovinas. O material foi acondicionado nos sacos numa relação de 20 mg de matéria seca/cm² de superfície utilizando-se três sacos de cada tecido para cada tamanho de partícula, totalizando 405 sacos, que foram submetidos a incubação ruminal durante 264 horas. Os teores dos compostos indigestíveis nas amostras foram avaliados sequencialmente. Sacos em branco foram utilizados para avaliação microscópica da integridade física dos tecidos e para avaliação da resistência à tração. A presença de contaminantes causou alta variabilidade dos resultados de MSi, o que indica comprometimento de sua aplicação como indicador interno. Utilizando os tecidos F57 e TNT obtiveram-se estimativas similares para os teores de FDNi e FDAi, enquanto com o tecido nylon (50 μm) a concentração de FDNi foi subestimada, possivelmente em decorrência da perda de partículas devido à sua porosidade. O nylon apresentou perda de resistência em todas as etapas analíticas, o que amplia sua probabilidade de ruptura, principalmente após extração com detergente ácido. Para procedimentos in situ de avaliação de compostos indigestíveis, sugere-se a moagem de amostras em peneiras com porosidade de 2 mm.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate estimates of concentration of indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in samples of cattle feed and feces processed at different particle sizes (1-, 2-, and 3-mm) using bags made from nylon (50 μm), F57 (Ankom®), and non-woven textile (NWT - 100 g/m²) in a in situ evaluation procedure. Eight samples of concentrates, seven samples of forages and two samples of cattle feces were used. The samples were put in the bags according to a ratio of 20 mg of dry matter/cm² of surface by using three bags of each textile for each size of particle, totaling 405 bags, which were submitted to ruminal incubation for 264 hours. The contents of indigestible compounds in the samples were evaluated sequentially. Blank bags were used for microscopic evaluation of textile physical integrity and for evaluation of the physical resistance. The presence of contaminants caused high variability of results of iDM, indicating that its using as internal marker should not be recommended. By using the textiles F57 and NWT, similar estimates for contents of iNDF and iADF were obtained whereas by using nylon (50 μm), the concentration of iNDF was underestimated, possibly because of loss of particles due to its porosity. Nylon presented loss of resistance in all analytical stages, expanding its probality of rupture, especially after extraction with acid detergent. For in situ evaluation of indigestible compounds, it is suggested grinding samples in 2-mm screen sieves.