This paper presents a comprehensive interface and electrochemical phenomena review of different anodes for SOFC. In this way, it was possible to select some mixed electronic and ionic conductor materials alternatives to the conventional anode, Ni-YSZ conductor. New materials must present a satisfactory electronic and ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures, be able to operate under different types of hydrocarbon fuels without deactivation, present stability under redox cycles and thermal expansion compatible with the other materials. Among all new materials, Sr0.86Y0.08TiO3, a Y-doped strontium titanate (YST), presented the highest measured conductivity, of 82 S cm-1 at 800 °C. In addition, this material showed excellent stability time and coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with materials used as cathode, strontium-doped lanthanum manganite and electrolyte, yttria stabilized zirconia. SrTiO3 (ST) compounds synthesized by solid-state reaction method, calcined, and sintered to obtain undoped (ST), 4% (YST04) and 8% (YST08) of Y-dopant and as a heterojunction with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YST08/YSZ). It was observed that calcination under Ar/5%H2 atmosphere has increased the dopant maximum concentration in the SrTiO3 cubic crystal structure when compared to inert atmosphere. When the Y solubility limit was exceeded, a pyrochlore phase Y2Ti2O7 was formed on the intergranular region due to the deficiency of oxygen vacancies, especially in the presence of inert atmosphere.

ABSTRACT Sorption of selenate (SeO 4 2- ) and selenite (SeO 3 2- ) is poorly understood in Brazilian agroecosystems, especially in soils from agricultural areas containing different contents of competing anions, such as sulfate (SO 4 2- ). This study aimed to assess the sorption behavior of selenate and selenite at different soil layers of a tropical soil treated with different rates of agricultural gypsum (thus, containing different contents of sulfate), collected under a coffee plantation. Soil samples from an experimental area where phosphogypsum has been previously applied at different rates (0, 7, 14, and 56 t ha -1 ) were taken at the following soil layers: 0.15-0.25, 0.35-0.45, and 1.25-1.35 m. Adsorption experiments were carried out adding 20 mL of solutions containing 100 and 500 μg L -1 of selenate and 10 and 15 mg L -1 of selenite to 2 grams of soil. Desorption experiments were also performed using a soil:solution ratio of 1:10. Adsorption of selenate increased with soil depth and decreased upon increasing sulfate contents in the soil, by contrast, selenite was consistently adsorbed at higher contents - when compared with selenate - at any soil depth and its sorptive behavior was not affected by the presence of sulfate. Furthermore, selenite was less desorbed than selenate under all conditions. In conclusion, selenite is much more retained in tropical soils and less available to plants than selenate. Also, although sulfate has shown to be able to hinder selenate retention, it has no substantial effect on the sorption behavior of selenite in tropical agroecosystems.

ABSTRACT To increase the availability to consumers and add more value to persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), which is a very perishable and seasonal fruit and in order to identify which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for processing in the form of juice and jelly, as well as understand what the consumer profile is for these products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different persimmon cultivars (Rama Forte, Mel, Guiombo and Taubaté) grown in subtropical regions of Brazil on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting juice and jelly in order to identify cultivars with the greatest potential for industrial use. The different studied persimmon cultivars had different physical and physicochemical characteristics which resulted in juices and jellies with different physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics. Based on sensory acceptance and productivity/adaptability of persimmon crop in Brazil, the most suitable persimmon cultivars for processing are Rama Forte and Guiombo. In this study it was found that the consumer prefers a more acidic persimmon juice and a less firm or softer, less sweet, clearer and more intense yellow color persimmon jelly.

Resumo Apesar da ubiquidade dos cães domésticos, de seu papel como reservatório de doenças, e do grande número de estudos sobre parasitas de cães urbanos, as áreas rurais no Brasil, especialmente aquelas na interface entre animais silvestres - animais domésticos - humanos, tem recebido pouca atenção de cientistas e gestores de saúde pública. Este artigo relata um estudo epidemiológico seccional de parasitas gastrointestinais de cães rurais em propriedades no entorno de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica. Através de métodos parasitológicos como flutuação e sedimentação, 13 táxons de parasitas (11 helmintos e dois protozoários) foram encontrados em amostras de fezes dos cães. O mais prevalente foi o nematóide Ancylostoma (47%), seguido por Toxocara (18%) e Trichuris (8%). Outros parasitas menos prevalentes (<2%) encontrados foram Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, e os protozoários Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Infecções mistas foram detectadas em 36% das amostras, a maioria por Ancylostoma e Toxocara. Vermifugações prévias não foram associadas a infecções, indicando que esta medida preventiva está sendo realizada incorretamente pelos proprietários. Com relação aos fatores de risco, cães com menos de um ano tiveram maior probabilidade de infecção por Toxocara, e os cães de raça pura por Trichuris. O número de gatos na propriedade foi associado positivamente com a infecção por Trichuris, enquanto cães machos e baixos escores corporais foram associados a infecções mistas. A ausência de associações com comportamento de vida livre e acesso a florestas ou vilas pelos cães indica que as infecções estão sendo predominantemente adquiridas nas propriedades. Os resultados destacam o risco de infecções parasitárias zoonóticas e para animais silvestres a partir dos cães, e a necessidade de monitorar e controlar os parasitas de animais domésticos em áreas de interface entre humanos e a vida selvagem.

Abstract Despite the ubiquity of domestic dogs, their role as zoonotic reservoirs and the large number of studies concerning parasites in urban dogs, rural areas in Brazil, especially those at the wildlife-domestic animal-human interface, have received little attention from scientists and public health managers. This paper reports a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of rural dogs living in farms around Atlantic Forest fragments. Through standard parasitological methods (flotation and sedimentation), 13 parasite taxa (11 helminths and two protozoans) were found in feces samples from dogs. The most prevalent were the nematode Ancylostoma (47%) followed by Toxocara (18%) and Trichuris (8%). Other less prevalent (<2%) parasites found were Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, and the protozoans Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Mixed infections were found in 36% of samples, mostly by Ancylostoma and Toxocara. Previous deworming had no association with infections, meaning that this preventive measure is being incorrectly performed by owners. Regarding risk factors, dogs younger than one year were more likely to be infected with Toxocara, and purebred dogs with Trichuris. The number of cats in the households was positively associated with Trichuris infection, while male dogs and low body scores were associated with mixed infections. The lack of associations with dog free-ranging behavior and access to forest or villages indicates that infections are mostly acquired around the households. The results highlight the risk of zoonotic and wildlife parasite infections from dogs and the need for monitoring and controlling parasites of domestic animals in human-wildlife interface areas.

ABSTRACT With the recent increase in the number of acclimatized broiler houses in Brazil, design and adaptation of facilities to withstand the tropical weather conditions enabling the maintenance of ideal conditions without increasing costs have been major challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ventilation system in solid-wall broiler houses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The research was carried out in the city of Amparo - SP (Brazil). The facility consisted of a broiler house enclosed by masonry sidewalls with tunnel ventilation equipped with exhaust fans (air outlet) and cooling pads (air inlet). The following variables were collected: wind speed and dry bulb temperature over 27 equidistant points inside the house at bird height (0.30 m above the floor), wind speed in inlet – cooling pad, and static pressure in the outlet (exhaust fans) as a boundary condition. The data were monitored at the most critical time of the day – 2 pm during the final rearing stage in summer. The CFD technique allowed visualizing the air flow according to each running condition for exhaust fans, as well as determined the best setting of exhaust fans, avoiding a low air area renewal and turbulence.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at identifying the best gender division pattern for swine at nursery stage, through the evaluation of behavioral and environmental parameters. Three treatments were established to achieve our objective: single-sex housing of 26 surgically castrated male pigs; mixed-sex housing of 13 castrated males and 13 females; and single-sex housing of 26 females. Environmental and behavioral data have been recorded. It was used an ethogram to make an inventory of behaviors and that was used in multivariate analysis. Bite addiction differed statistically among treatments, and the lowest occurrence was in mixed-sex housing. Results of the multivariate analysis suggested that regardless of the treatment chosen, relative humidity is positively associated with the production of gases and dry-bulb temperature with airspeed. Mixed-sex housing had multivariate relations suggesting less aggressive behaviors over food resources, being an example of social interaction that improves swine welfare.

ABSTRACT The kale is a brassica, this vegetable presents importance on nutritional and economic patterns. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates, trays and protected environment in the formation of kale seedlings. The experiment was conducted in two greenhouses located at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - MS. The first environment consisted of an agricultural greenhouse with polyethylene film cover, while the second was an agricultural nursery with monofilament screen and mesh to offer 50% of shading. In each protected environment were used 72 and 128 cells tray and six different compositions of substrates with organic material based on cassava branches (CB) and cattle manure (CM): 1) 100% CM; 2) 20% CM + 80% CB; 3) 40% CB + 60% CM; 4) 60% CB + 40% CM; 5) 80% CB + 20% and CM; 6) 100% CB. The seedlings were evaluated according to the parameters: dry mass of seedlings, stem diameter and plant height. The agricultural nursery was the most suitable for the formation of kale seedlings, with 72 cells tray and the substrate composed of organic matter with 20% of cassava branches and 80% of cattle manure.

ABSTRACT The lack of hydrological data in Brazil is the main limitation for structuring hydrological models, which are able to assist water resources management. Therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the performance of models without on-site calibration. Within this context, the aim of this study was to calibrate the SWAT hydrological model for the Camanducaia River Basin and to evaluate the performance of this calibration in a contiguous drainage basin, one of the Jaguarí River. For the calibration and validation steps, the SWAT-CUP program was utilized. Uncertainty analysis and calculation of efficiency indexes were carried out through the SUFI-2 algorithm. The SWAT adjustment in the Camanducaia River Basin obtained adequate results, with a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient higher than 0.80 in the monthly time step and of 0.64 for the daily time step. With the parametrical transfer of this model to the Jaguarí River Basin, simulations were classified as very good in the monthly time step and acceptable for the daily time step. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the parametric transfer is a promising technique to model ungauged catchments, and can contribute towards water resources management in the river basins of the Mantiqueira Range region, as well as in other regions with shortage of hydrological monitoring.

ABSTRACT Using geostatistics, this study aimed to analyze environmental conditions for wean-to-finish swines at 3 pm, during the most sensitive phases to thermal stress (growth/ finishing and finishing). To this end, dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, air speed, ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at 81 equidistant points within the barn. Descriptive statistics was used to classify attribute variability, generating mean, median, variation coefficient, asymmetry and kurtosis, through the normality of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS). For that, it was used Minitab 15 software. Moreover, semivariograms were used to assess spatial dependence using the GS+ software, and through Surfer, spatial distribution maps were designed. Dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity showed a more homogeneous distribution whether compared to the other attributes. Furthermore, critical points were observed within the facility, with temperatures and low humidity, indicating the need for fogging equipment and fans to improve thermal comfort and animal welfare.

RESUMO Mapas de solos existentes (dados legados) associados a técnicas de mapeamento digital são alternativas para obter informações a menores custos, entretanto, alguns testes são necessários para se fazer isso de forma mais eficiente. Este estudo objetivou comparar diferentes métodos para extrair informações de mapas de solos em escala detalhada usando árvores de decisão para mapear classes de solos em duas sub-bacias hidrográficas de Minas Gerais, validar os mapas em campo e usar o melhor método para extrapolar informações para áreas maiores, também validando estes mapas. Mapas de solos detalhados das sub-bacias do ribeirão Vista Bela (VBW) e ribeirão Marcela (MCW) foram utilizados como fonte de informação. Sete métodos para extrair informações de mapas foram comparados: polígono todo, eliminando 20 e 40 m das bordas dos polígonos, e com buffers em torno dos pontos amostrados com raios de 25 m, 50 m, 75 m e 100 m. O algoritmo Classification and Regression Trees (CART) foi utilizado para gerar árvores de decisão e permitir a criação de mapas de solos. A acurácia dos mapas foi avaliada através da acurácia global e índice Kappa. O melhor método foi utilizado para extrapolar informações para áreas maiores e esses mapas foram validados. Os melhores métodos para VCW e MCW foram, respectivamente, eliminando 20 m das bordas dos polígonos e buffer com raio de 25 m ao redor dos pontos. Mapas para áreas maiores foram obtidos usando esses métodos. Remoção de áreas de incerteza de mapas legados de solos contribuem para uma melhor modelagem e predição de classes de solos. A utilização de informações geradas neste trabalho permitiu a extrapolação validada de mapas de solos para regiões do entorno das sub-bacias hidrográficas.

ABSTRACT Existing soil maps (legacy data) associated with digital mapping techniques are alternatives to obtain information at lower costs, however, tests are required to do it more efficiently. This study had as objectives to compare different methods to extract information from detailed scale soil maps using decision trees for mapping soil classes at two watersheds in Minas Gerais, validate these maps in the field and use the best method to extrapolate information to larger areas, also validating these maps of larger areas. Detailed soil maps of Vista Bela creek (VBW) and Marcela creek (MCW) watersheds were used as source of information. Seven methods to extract information from maps were compared: the whole polygon, eliminating 20 and 40 m from the polygon boundaries, and with buffers around the sampled points with radii of 25 m, 50 m, 75 m, and 100 m. The Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm was employed to create decision trees and enable creation of soil maps. Accuracy was assessed through overall accuracy and kappa index. The best method was used to extrapolate information to larger areas and maps were validated. The best methods for VCW and MCW were, respectively, eliminating 20 m from polygon edges and buffer of 25 m of radii from points. Maps for larger areas were obtained using these methods. Removing uncertainty areas from legacy soil maps contribute to better modeling and prediction of soil classes. Information generated in this work allowed for validated extrapolation of soil maps for regions surrounding the watersheds.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as variações nos solos e em seus atributos químicos sob diferentes unidades da paisagem no ecossistema Pantanal, na sub-região da Nhecolândia, no Mato Grosso do Sul. As unidades da paisagem avaliadas incluíram: FS, floresta semidecídua; CE, cerradão; CC, cerrado/campo cerrado; CLE, campo limpo com Elionurus muticus; CLA, campo limpo com Axonopus purpusii e Andropogon spp.; BB, bordas de baías; e VB, vazantes/baixadas. Perfis de solos representativos de cada unidade da paisagem foram descritos morfologicamente, e os atributos químicos foram determinados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05, 0,05-0,10, 0,10-0,15 e 0,15-0,20 m. Os solos apresentaram textura arenosa, baixo teor de matéria orgânica, e baixa capacidade de troca catiônica e aniônica. A principal diferenciação entre os solos avaliados foi a fertilidade natural, a qual foi mais elevada sob FS, especialmente nas camadas mais superficiais e nos horizontes abaixo de 2 m de profundidade. A qualidade química do solo é capaz de discriminar as unidades da paisagem em três diferentes grupos: 1, FS; 2, CE; e 3, CC, CLE, CLA, BB e VB.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in soils and their chemical attributes under different landscape units in the Pantanal ecosystem, in the Nhecolândia subregion, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The evaluated landscape units included: SF, semideciduous forest; CE, "cerradão"; CC, "cerrado"/"campo cerrado"; TPE, tropical open grassland with Elionurus muticus; TPA, tropical open grassland with Axonopus purpusii and Andropogon spp.; EP, edge of ponds; and TPL, temporary channels/lowlands. Soil profiles representative of each landscape unit were morphologically described, and chemical attributes were determined in the depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, and 0.15-0.20 m. The soils showed sandy texture, low soil organic matter content, and low cation and anion exchange capacity. The main difference between the evaluated soils was natural fertility, which was higher in the SF, particularly at the surface layers and at the horizons below 2-m depth. Soil chemical quality is able to discriminate the landscape units into three different groups: 1, SF; 2, CE; and 3, CC, TPE, TPA, EP, and TPL.

RESUMO O aquecimento global aumenta a ocorrência de eventos extremos como as ondas de calor. Pesquisas sobre como as condições térmicas e aéreas afetam o ambiente de produção de frangos de corte são importantes para se avaliar o bem-estar animal sob condições extremas de calor, objetivando medidas mitigadoras. Este estudo pretende avaliar o efeito da simulação de ondas de calor em câmara climática, sobre o ambiente térmico e aéreo de frangos de corte com 42 dias de idade. 160 frangos foram alojados e criados, de 1 a 42 dias de idade, em câmara climática que foi dividida em oito baias. A simulação de onda de calor foi realizada no 42º dia de criação das aves, memento de maior impacto e da coleta dos dados. As variáveis foram coletadas em intervalos de duas horas a partir das 8 horas da manhã, simulando o aquecimento do dia até às 16 horas, horário de máxima, sendo coletados temperatura ambiente, temperatura da cama, umidade relativa do ar, concentrações de oxigênio, monóxido de carbono e amônia em cada baia, nos intervalos de duas em duas horas. Com os resultados obtidos na câmara climática, foi possível concluir que o aumento da temperatura ambiente ocasionou aumento na temperatura da cama, o que, consequentemente, contribuiu para o aumento da volatilização da amônia. A concentração de oxigênio foi reduzida enquanto a temperatura foi aumentada. A presença de monóxido de carbono foi observada quando a temperatura ambiente estava acima de 27,0 ºC, a umidade relativa superior a 88,4% e a temperatura da cama estava superior a 30,3 ºC.

ABSTRACT Global warming increases the occurrence of events such as extreme heat waves. Research on thermal and air conditions affecting broiler-rearing environment are important to evaluate the animal welfare under extreme heat aiming mitigation measures. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a simulated heat wave, in a climatic chamber, on the thermal and air environment of 42-day-old broilers. One hundred and sixty broilers were housed and reared for 42 days in a climatic chamber; the animals were divided into eight pens. Heat wave simulation was performed on the 42nd day, the period of great impact and data sampling. The analyzed variables were room and litter temperatures, relative humidity, concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide and ammonia at each pen. These variables were assessed each two hours, starting at 8 am, simulating a day heating up to 4 pm, when it is reached the maximum temperature. By the results, we concluded that increasing room temperatures promoted a proportional raise in litter temperatures, contributing to ammonia volatilization. In addition, oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing temperatures; and the carbon monoxide was only observed at temperatures above 27.0 °C, relative humidity higher than 88.4% and litter temperatures superior to 30.3 °C.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is an uncommon skin eruption, characterized by fever and the rapid onset of disseminated, non-follicular, sterile pustules, over an erythematous skin background. It is usually classified as a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction, whose most relevant triggers are antibiotics and anticonvulsants. However, viral and bacterial infections have also rarely been associated with this dermatosis. We report the case of a patient, who developed lesions of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis as an extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar o índice de qualidade do solo (IQS), em relação a atributos químicos e físicos, e espacializá-lo, além de avaliar a utilização deste índice no pagamento por serviços ambientais na Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica das Posses, Extrema, Minas Gerais, representativa do Bioma Mata Atlântica. Os valores do IQS foram influenciados tanto pela substituição da mata nativa por povoamento de eucalipto, quanto por pastagens e culturas anuais, refletindo na redução da qualidade do solo na profundidade amostrada nos sistemas avaliados. A espacialização do IQS apresentou valores variando de 0,40 a 0,80, ocorrendo algumas áreas pontuais com elevados índices e algumas com índices superiores a 1,00 (mata nativa). O reflorestamento com eucalipto condicionou solos, em sua maioria, com baixas deteriorações físicas e químicas devido ao acúmulo de serrapilheira. Já os menores valores do IQS estão associados às pastagens. O modelo pelo qual o IQS se ajustou foi o exponencial, possibilitando a krigagem ordinária. O IQS apresenta grande potencial para uso no pagamento de agricultores que prestam serviços de conservação do solo e água.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine and spatialize the soil quality index (SQI), in relation to chemical and physical attributes, and evaluate its use in the payment for environmental services in the Sub-Basin of Posses, Extrema-MG, Brazil, which represents the Atlantic Forest Biome. SQI values were influenced by both the replacement of native forests by stands of eucalyptus and by pastures and annual crops, reflecting in the reduction of soil quality in the sampled layer in the evaluated systems. The spatialization of SQI showed values ranging from 0.40 to 0.80, with some specific areas with high values and others with values above 1.00 (native forest). The reforestation with eucalyptus conditioned most of the soils with low chemical and physical deterioration, due to accumulation of litter. The lowest SQI values are associated with pastures. SQI adjusted to the exponential model, which allowed the use of ordinary Kriging. The SQI has a great potential of use in the payment to farmers who provide services of soil and water conservation.

RESUMO O “wean to finish” é um sistema de criação de suínos, no qual os animais permanecem em uma mesma instalação do desmame até à fase de abate. Objetivou-se estudar o comportamento dos animais em alojamento exclusivo de 26 machos suínos (T1), misto (T2), contendo 13 machos e 13 fêmeas, e o tratamento único de fêmeas (T3), com 26 animais. Para isso, utilizou-se da análise multivariada, por meio da análise dos gráficos de componentes principais, por ser um artifício interessante utilizado por diversos pesquisadores para identificar quais variáveis são fortemente ou não correlatas. Assim, indica-se que o aumento da temperatura ambiental predispõe ao comportamento deitado em todos os tratamentos avaliados. No tratamento exclusivo de suínos machos castrados cirurgicamente, o comportamento de monta relaciona-se com vício, já o agrupamento misto, monta associa-se com lúdico. Todavia, fêmeas suínas alojadas unicamente não tendem a praticar o comportamento de monta.

ABSTRACT The "wean to finish" is a pig housing system, in which animals remains in the same building from the weaning to slaughter. The objective was to study the behavior of animals in unique accommodation of 26 male pigs (T1), mixed (T2), containing 13 males and 13 females, and the only treatment of females (T3) with 26 animals. For this, we used multivariate analysis, by analyzing the principal components, as an interesting tool used by many researchers to identify which variables are strongly correlated or not. Thus, we observed the main trends and characteristics in each treatment. The increase in air temperature has caused the behavior of lying down in every treatment. Only in the male treatment, the mount behavior is related to addiction, however in the mixed treatment the mount is related to a playful behavior. Only female pigs’ treatment did not show any mount behavior.