Resumo: Buscou-se compreender as narrativas dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre os desafios e as potencialidades das ações de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, no contexto do Programa Bolsa Família, frente aos limites de sua implementação. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, avaliativa e participativa. Foram realizados, entre 2018 e 2019, cinco grupos focais (GF) com 60 profissionais de nível superior de 24 unidades de saúde e um GF com 13 agentes comunitários de saúde. Com base no material transcrito dos GF foram construídas narrativas para cada grupo, produzindo uma síntese dos núcleos argumentais presentes nas falas. Posteriormente, foram realizados cinco grupos hermenêuticos para validação das narrativas e aprofundamento das discussões. No último encontro foram identificados os problemas e propostas relacionadas ao acompanhamento do Programa Bolsa Família. Na prática, o acompanhamento das condicionalidades é reduzido a “pesar e medir” as pessoas, sem que necessariamente se realize o diagnóstico nutricional para identificação de casos de risco e intervenção. Práticas como o “mutirão” no final da vigência do Programa Bolsa Família e a realização de medidas antropométricas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde, sem vinculação com a agenda das linhas de cuidado existentes, contribuem para este cenário. Prevalece uma visão burocrática dessas condicionalidades de saúde, apenas para garantir que a família não tenha o benefício cortado e o cumprimento das metas de gestão do Programa Bolsa Família. Ao longo da pesquisa, os profissionais construíram uma reflexão crítica desta prática e reconheceram sua potencialidade para o cuidado em saúde e nutrição das famílias.

Abstract: The study aimed to understand the narratives of primary healthcare workers in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the challenges and potentialities of food and nutritional surveillance activities in the context of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program, vis-à-vis the limits of its implementation. The study adopted a qualitative, evaluative, and participatory approach. From 2018 to 2019, five focus groups were held with 60 university-level healthcare workers from 24 health units and one focus group with 13 community health agents. The material transcribed from the focus groups was used to construct narratives for each group, producing a synthesis of the core arguments in the discourses. Five hermeneutic groups were later held for validation of the narratives and in-depth discussions. The last meeting identified problems and proposals related to follow-up of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program. In practice, follow-up of the conditionalities is limited to “weighing and measuring” individuals without necessarily conducting a nutritional diagnosis to identify cases of nutritional risk and intervention. Factors contributing to this scenario include practices such as mass assessment (“mutirão”) at the end of coverage by Brazilian Income Transfer Program and anthropometric measurements taken by community health agents, with no link to the existing lines of care. A bureaucratic vision of these health conditionalities prevails, merely to guarantee that the family does not lose the benefit and that the program’s administrative targets are met. Over the course of the study, the healthcare workers developed a critical analysis of this practice and acknowledge their own potential to care for the families’ health and nutrition.

Resumen: Se procuró comprender los relatos de los profesionales de atención primaria en salud del municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre los desafíos y las potencialidades de las acciones de vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional, en el contexto del Programa Bolsa Familia, frente a los límites de su implementación. Se trata de una investigación con un abordaje cualitativo, evaluativo y participativo. Se formaron, entre 2018 y 2019, cinco grupos focales (GF) con 60 profesionales de nivel superior de 24 unidades de salud y un GF con 13 agentes comunitarios de salud. En base al material transcrito de los GF, se construyeron relatos para cada grupo, produciendo una síntesis de los núcleos argumentales presentes en las conversaciones. Posteriormente, se compusieron cinco grupos hermenéuticos para la validación de los relatos y profundización de las discusiones. En el último encuentro se identificaron los problemas y propuestas relacionadas con el seguimiento del Programa Bolsa Familia. En la práctica, el seguimiento de las condicionalidades está reducido a “pesar y medir” a personas, sin que necesariamente se realice un diagnóstico nutricional para la identificación de casos de riesgo e intervención. Prácticas como el “mutirão” (actividad colectiva voluntaria), al final de la vigencia del Programa Bolsa Familia, y la realización de medidas antropométricas por parte de los agentes comunitarios de salud, sin vinculación con la agenda de las líneas de cuidado existentes, contribuyen a este escenario. Prevalece una visión burocrática de esas condicionalidades de salud, solamente para garantizar que a la familia no se le suprima el beneficio y el cumplimiento de las metas de gestión del Programa Bolsa Familia. A lo largo de la investigación, los profesionales construyeron una reflexión crítica de esta práctica y reconocieron su potencialidad para el cuidado en salud y nutrición de las familias.

Resumo: Buscou-se compreender as narrativas dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre os desafios e as potencialidades das ações de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, no contexto do Programa Bolsa Família, frente aos limites de sua implementação. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, avaliativa e participativa. Foram realizados, entre 2018 e 2019, cinco grupos focais (GF) com 60 profissionais de nível superior de 24 unidades de saúde e um GF com 13 agentes comunitários de saúde. Com base no material transcrito dos GF foram construídas narrativas para cada grupo, produzindo uma síntese dos núcleos argumentais presentes nas falas. Posteriormente, foram realizados cinco grupos hermenêuticos para validação das narrativas e aprofundamento das discussões. No último encontro foram identificados os problemas e propostas relacionadas ao acompanhamento do Programa Bolsa Família. Na prática, o acompanhamento das condicionalidades é reduzido a “pesar e medir” as pessoas, sem que necessariamente se realize o diagnóstico nutricional para identificação de casos de risco e intervenção. Práticas como o “mutirão” no final da vigência do Programa Bolsa Família e a realização de medidas antropométricas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde, sem vinculação com a agenda das linhas de cuidado existentes, contribuem para este cenário. Prevalece uma visão burocrática dessas condicionalidades de saúde, apenas para garantir que a família não tenha o benefício cortado e o cumprimento das metas de gestão do Programa Bolsa Família. Ao longo da pesquisa, os profissionais construíram uma reflexão crítica desta prática e reconheceram sua potencialidade para o cuidado em saúde e nutrição das famílias.

Abstract: The study aimed to understand the narratives of primary healthcare workers in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the challenges and potentialities of food and nutritional surveillance activities in the context of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program, vis-à-vis the limits of its implementation. The study adopted a qualitative, evaluative, and participatory approach. From 2018 to 2019, five focus groups were held with 60 university-level healthcare workers from 24 health units and one focus group with 13 community health agents. The material transcribed from the focus groups was used to construct narratives for each group, producing a synthesis of the core arguments in the discourses. Five hermeneutic groups were later held for validation of the narratives and in-depth discussions. The last meeting identified problems and proposals related to follow-up of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program. In practice, follow-up of the conditionalities is limited to “weighing and measuring” individuals without necessarily conducting a nutritional diagnosis to identify cases of nutritional risk and intervention. Factors contributing to this scenario include practices such as mass assessment (“mutirão”) at the end of coverage by Brazilian Income Transfer Program and anthropometric measurements taken by community health agents, with no link to the existing lines of care. A bureaucratic vision of these health conditionalities prevails, merely to guarantee that the family does not lose the benefit and that the program’s administrative targets are met. Over the course of the study, the healthcare workers developed a critical analysis of this practice and acknowledge their own potential to care for the families’ health and nutrition.

Resumen: Se procuró comprender los relatos de los profesionales de atención primaria en salud del municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre los desafíos y las potencialidades de las acciones de vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional, en el contexto del Programa Bolsa Familia, frente a los límites de su implementación. Se trata de una investigación con un abordaje cualitativo, evaluativo y participativo. Se formaron, entre 2018 y 2019, cinco grupos focales (GF) con 60 profesionales de nivel superior de 24 unidades de salud y un GF con 13 agentes comunitarios de salud. En base al material transcrito de los GF, se construyeron relatos para cada grupo, produciendo una síntesis de los núcleos argumentales presentes en las conversaciones. Posteriormente, se compusieron cinco grupos hermenéuticos para la validación de los relatos y profundización de las discusiones. En el último encuentro se identificaron los problemas y propuestas relacionadas con el seguimiento del Programa Bolsa Familia. En la práctica, el seguimiento de las condicionalidades está reducido a “pesar y medir” a personas, sin que necesariamente se realice un diagnóstico nutricional para la identificación de casos de riesgo e intervención. Prácticas como el “mutirão” (actividad colectiva voluntaria), al final de la vigencia del Programa Bolsa Familia, y la realización de medidas antropométricas por parte de los agentes comunitarios de salud, sin vinculación con la agenda de las líneas de cuidado existentes, contribuyen a este escenario. Prevalece una visión burocrática de esas condicionalidades de salud, solamente para garantizar que a la familia no se le suprima el beneficio y el cumplimiento de las metas de gestión del Programa Bolsa Familia. A lo largo de la investigación, los profesionales construyeron una reflexión crítica de esta práctica y reconocieron su potencialidad para el cuidado en salud y nutrición de las familias.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the housing system in the hospital pens on growing and finishing (GF) pig farms. This work was developed by using a questionnaire and was conducted between January and April, 2016. Forty-four GF commercial farms (a total of 41,111 animals) were involved, seeking to raise issues concerning the facilities of the hospital pens, environment, management, feeding and the reasons for transferring the animals to these accommodations. About 98% of the evaluated farms had, at least, one hospital pen. Most of these farms presented a percentage of animals evaluated (PAE) in the infirmary, of less than 1.5% of the total capacity of the animal housing on the farm. In 93.48% of the farms, the criterion used to transfer the animals to the infirmaries was when they were identified as “impaired, hurt, suffering”. In 47.83% of the cases, there were no differences between the hospital and common pens regarding the general management of the animals. The facilities and environment characteristics were similar in almost all hospital pens. Respiratory problems were the main reason for transferring pigs from the common to hospital pens. Under the conditions of this study, sufficient hospital pens exist on farms and overcrowding or competition for resources among pigs are avoided. However, there is no established standard among respondents about where to place the recovered animals.

RESUMO Comparou-se o desempenho nas atividades de simples e dupla tarefas em idosos institucionalizados que realizam e não realizam fisioterapia. Participaram 60 idosos institucionalizados, 30 que realizavam fisioterapia (GF) e 30 que não realizavam (GNF). Para a avaliação do desempenho nas atividades de simples e dupla tarefa, foram realizadas as seguintes atividades: ficar em apoio unipodal, caminhar ao longo de um corredor por 30 segundos, subir e descer de um step por 30 segundos, sentar e levantar de uma cadeira por 30 segundos (tarefa simples). Depois, os idosos realizaram as mesmas atividades segurando um copo de plástico com água (dupla tarefa motora), dizendo os dias da semana ao contrário (dupla tarefa cognitiva) e segurando um copo de água e dizendo os dias da semana ao contrário (dupla tarefa motora e cognitiva). Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial com valor de significância de p≤0,05. Foi observada diferença entre as tarefas na caminhada e também no sentar e levantar, sendo que quanto maior a complexidade da tarefa, menor foi o desempenho dos idosos. Já na atividade de subir e descer de um step, ocorreu diferença entre os grupos, onde o GF teve melhor desempenho que o GNF. Em relação ao apoio unipodal, não foi observada diferença entre os grupos e tarefas. A dupla tarefa conduziu a uma redução no desempenho funcional tanto de idosos institucionalizados que realizam fisioterapia quanto dos que não realizam.

ABSTRACT Was compared the performance in simple and dual task in institutionalized older adults who perform and do not perform Physical Therapy. The study involved 60 institutionalized older adults, 30 that performed Physical Therapy (PTG) and 30 that did not perform (NPTG). To assess the performance in simple and dual tasks activities, all participants performed the subsequent activities: one-foot stance test, walking in a corridor for 30 seconds, stepping up and down for 30 seconds, stand up and sit down on a chair for 30 seconds (simple task). After that, the older adults performed the same activities while holding a plastic cup with water (motor dual task), speaking the days of the week in opposite way (cognitive dual task), and holding a plastic cup with water while speaking the days of the week in opposite way (motor and cognitive dual task). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with significance value p≤0,05. We observed differences between the walking tests and in the get up and sit down tests and, the greater the complexity of the task, the lower was the performance of the participants. In the stepping up and down activity, there was difference between groups where the PTG had a better performance compared with the NPTG group. We observed no differences between groups in the one-foot stance test. The dual task led to a reduction in functional performance in both groups: the institutionalized older adults that performed Physical Therapy and that did not perform.

RESUMEN Se comparó el rendimiento en las actividades de simple y doble tarea en ancianos institucionalizados que realizan e no realizan fisioterapia. Participaron 60 ancianos institucionalizados, 30 que realizaban fisioterapia (GF) y 30 que no realizaban (GNF). Para evaluación del rendimiento en actividades de simple y doble tarea, fueron realizadas las seguientes actividades: quedar en apoyo unipodal, caminar a lo largo de un corredor por 30 segundos, subir y bajar un step por 30 segundos, sentarse y levantarse de una silla por 30 segundos (tarea simple). Después que los ancianos realizaron las mismas actividades sosteniendo un vaso de plástico con agua (doble tarea motora), diciendo los días de la semana al revés (doble tarea cognitiva) y sosteniendo un vaso de agua y diciendo los días de la semana al revés (doble tarea motora-cognitiva). Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva y inferencial con valor de significación p≤0,05. Fue observada diferencia entre las tareas al caminar y también al sentarse y levantarse, considerándose que cuanto mayor la complejidad de la tarea, menor fue el rendimiento de los ancianos. Mientras en la actividad de subir y bajar un step, ocurrió diferencia entre los grupos, en que el GF tuvo mejor rendimiento que el GNF. En relación al apoyo unipodal, no fue observada diferencia entre grupos y tarefas. La doble tarea condujo a una reducción en el rendimiento funcional tanto de ancianos institucionalizados que realizan fisioterapia cuanto de los que no realizan.

Methods for the development and validation for determination of iron and zinc in human serum and hair samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) were performed. Solubilization was immediate by manual agitation in both samples with a 10 mL volume sample plus deionized water. Optimum pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were obtained by pyrolysis and atomization temperature curves in both matrices. For serum samples, the best temperatures were 1400 and 2500 °C (Fe) and 700 and 1600 °C (Zn), respectively. For hair samples, the best temperatures were 1000 and 2400 °C (Fe) and 800 and 1600 °C (Zn), respectively. Permanent modifiers and zirconium presented best the results for Zn in both matrices and for Fe in serum. Permanent modifier Nb was best for hair Zn. Serum and hair values were in agreement with the certified values for analytes and certified samples. The determined values for serum Fe and hair certified samples were 1.40 ± 0.2 and 114 ± 18 mg L-1, respectively. For Zn certified reference materials (CRMs), the certified samples values were 1720 ± 32 µg L-1 and 172 ± 5 mg kg-1. Simple, accurate and precise, this method represents a cost-effective detection protocol suitable for sample analysis for diagnosis of micronutrient malnutrition.

Dental caries is considered a disease of high prevalence and a constant problem in public health. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are substances that have been the target of recent studies aiming to control or treat caries. Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment with grape seed extract, under cariogenic challenge, to minimize or even prevent the onset of caries in the enamel and dentin. Material and Methods Blocks of enamel and dentin (6.0x6.0 mm) were obtained from bovine central incisors, polished, and selected by analysis of surface microhardness (SH). The blocks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15), according to the following treatments: GC (control), GSE (grape seed extract), GF (fluoride – 1,000 ppm). The blocks were subjected to 6 daily pH cycles for 8 days. Within the daily cycling, the specimens were stored in buffered solution. The blocks were then analyzed for perpendicular and surface hardness and polarized light microscopy. Results The means were subjected to statistical analysis using the ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD tests (p<0.05). For enamel SH, GF showed the highest hardness values. In the dentin, GF was also the one that showed higher hardness values, followed by GSE. Regarding the cross-sectional hardness values, all groups behaved similarly in both the enamel and dentin. The samples that were treated with GSE and fluoride (GF) showed statistically higher values than the control. Conclusion Based on the data obtained in this in vitro study, it is suggested that grape seed extract inhibits demineralization of artificial carious lesions in both the enamel and dentin, but in a different scale in each structure and in a smaller scale when compared to fluoride.

The dietary inclusion of phytase increases nutrient and energy bioavailability for broilers. The effect of phytase increases nutrients and energy bioavailability for either the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of nutrient and energy reduction in diets supplemented with phytase on the performance, gastrointestinal pH, organ and bone composition, and blood biochemistry of broilers between eight and 21 days of age. In the study, 1.120 male Cobb 500(r) broilers, with 161±1g average weight, were used. At eight days of age, birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with eight replicates of 20 broiler each. Treatments corresponded to reduction of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), amino acids and energy, or reduction of Ca, P, amino acids and energy; supplementation or not of phytase; and a positive control treatment. Broiler fed the diet with reduced Ca and P levels and phytase supplementation presented the best performance of all groups. The diet with reduced amino acid and energy levels and phytase addition reduced gizzard and proventriculus pH. Dietary Ca and P reduction increased relative liver and heart weights, as well as albumin blood levels. The bones of broilers fed phytase-supplemented diets presented higher ash content.

A determinação de selênio, crômio e cobre em corantes alimentares por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite foi feita utilizando-se uma simples dissolução ácida como tratamento de amostra. Modificadores químicos foram investigados para os três analitos. Utilizando calibração por compatibilização de matriz, temperaturas de pirólise e de atomização de 1300 e 1800 ºC, respectivamente, e 5 µg Pd + 3 µg Mg(NO3)2 como modificador químico foi possível a determinação de selênio em todos os corantes estudados. Para o crômio, 15 µg Mg(NO3)2 foram utilizados como modificador químico e as temperaturas de pirólise e atomização foram de 1500 e 2500 ºC, respectivamente, usando calibração externa. A determinação de cobre foi feita sob temperaturas ideais de pirólise (1200 ºC) e de atomização (2000 ºC) usando 5 µg Pd + 3 µg Mg(NO3)2 como modificador químico e, dependendo do corante, foi necessário o uso de calibração externa ou de adição de padrão. Valores de recuperação entre 90 e 110% foram obtidos com os métodos desenvolvidos. As análises dos corantes utilizados por indústrias alimentícias mostraram concentrações de Cu abaixo dos valores máximos recomendados pela legislação brasileira, no entanto, não existem limites estabelecidos para Se e Cr.

The determination of selenium, chromium and copper in food dyes by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was carried out using a simple acid dissolution as sample treatment. Different chemical modifiers were investigated for the three analytes. Using the matrix-matching calibration technique, pyrolysis and atomization temperatures of 1300 and 1800 ºC, respectively, and 5 µg Pd + 3 µg Mg(NO3)2 as chemical modifier allowed the determination of Se in all the studied dyes. For chromium, 15 µg Mg(NO3)2 were used as chemical modifier, and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were of 1500 and 2500 ºC, respectively, using external calibration. The determination of copper was carried out under the optimized temperatures of pyrolysis (1200 ºC) and atomization (2000 ºC) using 5 µg Pd + 3 µg Mg(NO3)2 as chemical modifier and, depending on the dyes, it was necessary to use external or standard addition calibration. Recoveries between 90 and 110% were obtained for the developed methods. The analysis of dyes used by food industries showed concentrations of Cu below the maximum values recommended by Brazilian legislation, however, there are no established limits for Se and Cr.

A mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, é atualmente uma das mais importantes pragas da cultura do melão, ocasionando danos diretos e indiretos às plantas e reduzindo significativamente as produções a campo. Devido à necessidade de métodos mais sustentáveis do que o controle químico nas lavouras de melão, neste trabalho avaliou-se a resposta das cultivares de meloeiro AF-646, AF-682, Don Luis, Frevo, Jangada, Nilo, Vereda, Amarelo Ouro e Hales Best quanto à possível resistência a B. tabaci biótipo B, através de testes de campo, casa de vegetação e laboratório. No geral, 'Hales Best' e 'Amarelo Ouro' foram as mais resistentes, expressando não-preferência para oviposição contra a mosca-branca. A densidade de tricomas está associada à variação de oviposição sobre os materiais e deve ser melhor investigada em trabalhos futuros. Estes resultados podem auxiliar nos programas de melhoramento de melão, visando à resistência de plantas a B. tabaci biótipo B.

The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, is currently one of the most important pests of melon, causing direct and indirect damage to plants, and significantly reducing production in the field. Due to the need for alternative methods of chemical control in melon crops, the melon cultivars AF-646, AF-682, Don Luis, Frevo, Jangada, Nilo, Vereda, Amarelo Ouro and Hales Best were assessed at field, greenhouse, and laboratory trials for resistance to whitefly B. tabaci biotype B. In general, 'Hales Best' and 'Amarelo Ouro' were the most resistant, showing oviposition non-preference against whitefly. The trichome density is associated with the variation in oviposition on the cultivars and should be further investigated in future work. These results may be helpful in melon breeding programs, focusing on plant resistance to B. tabaci biotype B.

This paper describes the development of methods for the determination of Pb and Mn in fishes by GF AAS after solubilization with tetramethylamonium hidroxide. The optimization of the operational conditions and the choice of modifier were made using multivariated optimization. Analytical Figures of Merit were adequately to propose. The Limit of Quantification obtained were 150 and 18.5 µg kg-1 to Mn and Pb, respectively. No significant difference was found between the slope values obtained for the aqueous and standard addition calibration curves. The D.P.R. was always lower than 12% and the analysis of the SRM NRCC TORT2 showed 80-120% of recovery.

False positive serologic reactions and difficulties in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in chickens have increased lately as a result of infection by low virulent MG strains and the use of live MG vaccines in poultry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serologic responses of SPF chickens exposed to the three commercially available live MG vaccines, and one low virulent MG strain (MG-70), contributing to the diagnosis and monitoring of MG infection in birds. Six groups of SPF chickens were used. The control group was not infected nor challenged; one group was infected with the low virulent strain MG-70 (MG-70); three groups were immunized and named after the MG vaccine used, i.e., MG-6/85, MG-ts11, and MG-F; and finally one group was infected with the virulent MG standard strain, MGR. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPDPCR) was used to compare the strains to each other, to the standard MG-A5969, and to MGR. All strains were found to be genetically distinguishable from each other. Birds in the control group showed negative results throughout the experiment and showed no cross-reaction with M. synoviae in any serologic test. ELISA tests at 21 days post first exposure (P1E) and seven days after the second exposure (P2E), evidenced that 25% of the MG70 birds were positive, whereas vaccine groups yielded higher positivity rate, i.e., 57%, 43% and 29% for MG-6/85, MG-ts11 and MG-F, respectively. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) evidenced the first positive results at 35 days P1E on birds in the MG-F group at the rate of 100%; followed by 40% of birds in the MG-70 group at 63 days P1E. Chickens in MG-ts11 and MG 6/85 groups had identical behavior and yielded 100% positive SPA at 77 days P1E. In regard to hemagglutination inhibition (HI), 14 % of the birds in MG-F and MG-ts11 reacted at 42 days P1E, while MG-70 and MG-6/85 groups yielded positive results only after challenge; MG-70 birds reacted at 56 days P1E at the rate of 17% against 63 days P1E for 100% of MG-6/85 birds. The time lag for positive serologic response was monitored on a weekly basis and was statistically different among groups (p<0.05) by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No clinical signs or gross lesions were seen in the control, vaccinated or MG-70 infected birds. Tracheitis and airsaculitis were observed in birds in the MG-R group. MG was isolated from all studied groups.

A atividade de peroxidases e a concentração de fenóis apresentam uma grande importância na união entre o enxerto e o porta-enxerto, podendo, desta forma, influenciar as respostas de estresse da incompatibilidade no processo de enxertia. O presente trabalho objetivou quantificar a atividade das peroxidases e dos fenóis totais em cultivares de Prunus sp. Amostras de casca e de lenho foram processadas e quantificadas por espectrofotometria, a partir dos porta-enxertos de pessegueiros GF 677, Okinawa, Capdeboscq e Aldrighi e de ameixeiras Mirabolano e Marianna comum, cultivados nos viveiros do Departamento de Fitotecnia da FAEM/UFPel. Concluiu-se que a atividade das peroxidases e dos fenóis totais varia entre porta-enxertos, período de crescimento e tipo de tecido; a maior atividade das peroxidases e dos fenóis totais ocorre nos porta-enxertos Mirabolano e Marianna; a atividade das peroxidases e dos fenóis totais é maior na casca do que no lenho; no período de dormência, ocorre maior atividade das peroxidases e menor quantidade de fenóis totais, sendo o inverso no período vegetativo.

The peroxidase activities and total phenols present a great importance in the union between the stock and the rootstock, and this is a way to evaluate the response to stress of the incompatibility in the graft process. This work aimed to quantify peroxidase activities and total phenols in order to verify its influence on the physiological and biochemical processes of Prunus sp. cultivars grafting. Those metabolic processes the samples in the bark and wood were processed and quantified by spectrophotometry, starting from peach rootstock GF 677, Okinawa, Capdeboscq and Aldrighi; and plum rootstock cv. Mirabolano and Marianna Comum, from nurseries of the Department of Plant Science of FAEM/UFPel. It is concluded that: peroxidase and the total phenol activities vary among rootstocks, growth period and tissue type; the highest peroxidase activities and total phenols occurred in Mirabolano and Marianna rootstoks; the peroxidase activities and total phenols were higher in the bark than in wood; the largest peroxidase activities occurs during the rest period and lower amount of total phenols, being the contrary in the vegetative period.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a melhor concentração de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) e meio de cultura para a multiplicação in vitro de porta-enxertos de Prunus sp., recentemente introduzidos no Brasil. Os porta-enxertos G x N22, GF 677, Mr.S 2/5, Marianna e Mirabolano foram testados em dois meios de cultura, meio MS e meio MS ¾ (reduzido em 25% dos sais do meio inteiro), combinados com quatro concentrações da citocinina BAP: 0,1; 0,3; 0,5 e 0,7 mg.L-1. Observou-se que os genótipos apresentaram comportamentos diferentes entre si em relação às concentrações de BAP e aos meios. Concluiu-se que, para os porta-enxertos G x N22 e Mr.S 2/5, o melhor meio de multiplicação é o MS ¾ com BAP na concentração de 0,7 mg.L-1; para o porta-enxerto Marianna, o meio MS com BAP na concentração de 0,7 mg.L-1; para o porta-enxerto Mirabolano, o meio MS ¾ com BAP na concentração de 0,5 mg.L-1, sendo que, para este porta-enxerto, o BAP exerce efeito negativo sobre o tamanho das brotações, independentemente do tipo de meio. Já para o porta-enxerto G x N22, este efeito se fez notar apenas no meio MS. O porta-enxerto GF 677 não apresentou bons resultados na propagação in vitro.

The purpose of this work was to determine the best BAP concentration and culture media for the in vitro multiplication of Prunus rootstocks starting from nodal segments. The rootstocks G x N22, GF 677, Mr.S 2/5, Marianna and Mirabolano were tested in two culture media (MS and MS ¾) combined with four BAP concentrations (0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7 mg.L-1). It was observed that the genotypes had different performance as the two media and BAP concentrations are concerned. BAP provided better results in the MS ¾ for the rootstocks G x N22 and Mr.S 2/5. For 'Marianna', the best results were found in the MS at 0.7 mg.L-1 BAP. 'Mirabolano', showed better results in the MS ¾ at 0.5 mg.L-1 BAP and in the two tested media, the shoot length decreased with the increase for BAP. The rootstock G x N22, had the same effect only in the MS medium. The rootstock GF 677 didn't present good results in micropropagation.