Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract The concept of pseudo-pseudo seizures is often confused with epileptic seizures characterized by excessive or simultaneous anomalous neuronal activity, and with non-epileptic psychogenic seizures, which are known for their involuntary movements and decreased self-control that can mimic epilepsy, without presenting the previously described cortical alterations. Currently, these two types of seizures represent a challenge due to their similar clinical presentation, however semiology and precise office studies allow a correct clinical approach and differential diagnosis. Among epileptic seizures that generate further diagnostic difficulties and confusion are frontal lobe and temporal lobe seizures. Recognizing the semiological characteristics that can occur in these types of seizures and identifying the differences found between epileptic and non-epileptic psychogenic seizures is essential to avoid a misdiagnosis of a pseudo-pseudoseizure.

https://doi.org/10.24875/hgmx.22000078

El Derecho de Petición. Una mirada a su dimensión defensiva y de participación ciudadana
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Knight Soto, Idarmis

; Delgado Knight, Marla Iris

Estudios constitucionales

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Jul 2023, Volume 21 Nº 1 Páginas 200 - 218

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The right to petition as a human right is a subjective right that grants power and legal status to people, but at the same time it has an objective significance, as it develops as a defense mechanism for the individual against the State to guarantee, in addition to individual freedom. , the protection of other rights.

Resumen El derecho de petición como derecho humano, es un derecho subjetivo, que otorga facultad y status jurídico a las personas, pero a la vez tiene una significación objetiva, al desarrollarse como mecanismo de defensa del individuo frente al Estado para garantizar además de la libertad individual, la protección de otros derechos.

Carotid atherosclerosis in the first five years since rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis: a cross sectional study
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Galarza-Delgado, Dionicio Angel

; Azpiri-Lopez, Jose Ramon

; Guajardo-Jauregui, Natalia

; Garza, Jesus Alberto Cardenas-de la

; Garza-Cisneros, Andrea Nallely

; Garcia-Heredia, Alexis

; Balderas-Palacios, Mario Alberto

; Colunga-Pedraza, Iris Jazmin

Advances in Rheumatology

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2023, Volume 63 elocation 36

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Systemic inflammation, documented before rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis, is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. We aimed to compare the prevalence of carotid plaque (CP) in RA patients in the first five years since diagnosis and healthy controls, and to determine disease characteristics associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited 60 RA patients in the first five years since diagnosis and 60 matched healthy controls. Carotid ultrasound was performed to detect the presence of CP and measure carotidintima media thickness (cIMT). Subclinical atherosclerosis was considered as the presence of CP and/or increased cIMT. Distribution was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Comparisons were made with Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables and Student's t or Mann-Whitney's U test for quantitative variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results There were no differences in the demographic characteristics between RA patients and controls. The mean disease duration was 2.66 ± 1.39 years. A higher prevalence of CP (30.0% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.013), bilateral CP (18.3% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.008), increased cIMT (30.0% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.001), and subclinical atherosclerosis (53.3% vs. 18.3%, p = < 0.001) was found in RA patients. RA patients with subclinical atherosclerosis were older (56.70 years vs. 50.00 years, p = 0.002), presented a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (53.1% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.002), and higher prevalence of classification in moderate-high disease activity category measured by DAS28-CRP (68.8% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.010). The latter variable persisted independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the binary logistic regression (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.51–24.70, p = 0.011). Conclusions In the first five years since diagnosis, higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis, including CP was found in RA patients. Carotid ultrasound should be considered part of the systematic CVR evaluation of RA at the time of diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-023-00319-x

Patrón común y variantes anatómicas de la arteria esplénica en el hombre adulto
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Rodríguez-Delgado, Lianet

; Fernández-Leiva, Anubis Cecilia

; Pardo-Yero, Harold David

; Prieto-Cordovés, Yolexis

; González, Luisa María Serrano

; Bacallao-Cabrera, Iris Susana

Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey

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2023, Volume 27 elocation e9636

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Evidence indicates that the splenic artery presents a common pattern taking into account: origin, route and termination, however, sometimes anatomical variants of elementary importance for surgical specialties may appear. Objective: To describe the common pattern and the anatomical variants of the splenic arterial system in the adult man. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with a universe made up of all the anatomical blocks existing in the department was carried out, whose noon-probabilistic sample at the authors discretion was made up of 25 anatomical blocks. The information was collected in a form containing the variables under study. The common pattern and the anatomical variants of the splenic artery were characterized considering the origin, route, collateral branches and terminal branches. The length and external diameter at the origin and termination of the splenic artery were determined. The anatomical pieces were acquired by agreement complying with the established ethical aspects. For the collection of information, a form containing the variables under study and the results processed in Excel using the statistical software SPSS 25.0 was prepared. Results: In most of the anatomical pieces, the common pattern of the splenic artery prevailed, corresponding to 88% and only variants of the norm were observed in 3 blocks, representing 12 %. The winding path predominated in 22 pieces, while in 2 pieces presented a serpentine path was observed and in 1 piece rectilinear one. The maximum length found of the splenic artery was 205 mm while the minimum length was 102 mm. Conclusions : The common pattern prevailed according to origin, route and termination of the splenic artery prevailed over the anatomical variants.

RESUMEN Introducción: Evidencias indican que la arteria esplénica presenta un patrón común al tener en cuenta: origen, trayecto y terminación; sin embargo, en ocasiones pueden aparecer variantes anatómicas de importancia elemental para las especialidades quirúrgicas. Objetivo: Describir el patrón común y las variantes anatómicas del sistema arterial esplénico en el hombre adulto. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal con un universo conformado por todos los bloques anatómicos existentes en el departamento, cuya muestra no probabilística a criterio de los autores quedó constituida por 25 bloques anatómicos. La información fue recogida en un formulario contentivo de las variables objeto de estudio. Se caracterizó el patrón común y las variantes anatómicas de la arteria esplénica considerando el origen, trayecto, ramas colaterales y ramas terminales. Se determinó la longitud y el diámetro externo en el origen y terminación de la arteria esplénica. Las piezas anatómicas fueron adquiridas mediante convenio cumpliendo los aspectos éticos establecidos. Para la recolección de la información se confeccionó un formulario contentivo de las variables que fueron objeto de estudio y los resultados procesados en Excel mediante el software estadístico SPSS 25.0. Resultados: En la mayoría de las piezas anatómicas predominó el patrón común de la arteria esplénica correspondiente al 88 % y solo se observaron variantes de la norma en tres bloques representando el 12 %. Prevaleció el trayecto sinuoso en 22 piezas, mientras que en dos se observó el serpenteado y en una pieza el rectilíneo. La longitud máxima encontrada de la arteria esplénica fue de 205 mm mientras que la longitud mínima de 102 mm. Conclusiones: Se observó el patrón común según origen, trayecto y terminación de la arteria esplénica sobre las variantes anatómicas.

Instrumentos para medir la capacidad funcional intrínseca y la fragilidad de personas mayores en la Atención Primaria en Chile
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Cornejo-Ovalle, Marco

; Delgado-Becerra, Iris

; Molina, Xaviera

; Masferrer, Dominique

Revista médica de Chile

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Jul 2022, Volume 150 Nº 7 Páginas 930 - 943

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The evaluation of functional capacity and the presence of frailty is an essential prognostic indicator in older people. Aim: To explore the instruments used to characterize the intrinsic functional capacity (CFI) and frailty in elderly people cared at Primary Health Care Centers (PHC) in Chile. Material and Methods: A narrative review of national and international scientific literature was carried out, including observational studies published in Pubmed (since 2015) and Scielo (since 2010) about tools to assess CFI or frailty. Studies in English or Spanish carried out in Chilean beneficiaries of PHC aged 60 years and over, were included. Results: After the first search, 110 articles were selected in Pubmed and 86 in Scielo. According to the relevance of the title and abstract, 36 articles were preliminarily screened, of which 25 were selected for full reading, 12 of which were finally included in this review. In Chile, the main instrument used to assess CFI is the Functional Examination of the Elderly (EFAM). There are few national studies to assess frailty and the instruments used are mainly based on the Fried criteria and the FTI (Frailty Tilburg Indicator). The reviewed studies suggest improving the coverage and reconsidering the predictive capacity of the measurements used for the assessment of CFI and frailty in older people, suggesting the incorporation of handgrip strength as a predictor of frailty. Conclusions: The main instruments to assess CFI and frailty in older people cared in PHC in Chile are the EFAM, and the Fried and FTI criteria, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872022000700930

Association between relative handgrip strength and abdominal obesity, type-2 diabetes and hypertension in a Mexican population
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Guzmán-Guzmán, Iris Paola

; Delgado-Floody, Pedro

; Gutiérrez-Pérez, Ilse Adriana

; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe

; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel

; Zaragoza-García, Óscar

; Parra-Rojas, Isela

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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Fev 2022, Volume 39 Nº 1 Páginas 82 - 92

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: handgrip strength (HGS) is a health-status parameter associated with multicomorbidity in the adult population. Objective: the aim of the present study was to determine the association between HGS (i.e., absolute and relative) and abdominal obesity (AO), type-2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (HT), as well as to determine the association between low relative HGS with the presence of multicomorbidity (i.e., the co-occurrence of two or more comorbidities together) in a Mexican population. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 860 participants from the south of Mexico (661 women and 199 men). The age range evaluated was from 18 to 65 years. Assessments were made of sociodemographic data, clinical history, anthropometric parameters, and measurement of maximal HGS. Results: the regression models adjusted by age show that the presence of comorbidities (i.e., AO, HT and T2D) was linked negatively to HGS (i.e., absolute and relative). Moreover, in men, a low relative HGS in both hands reported an association with the presence of three simultaneous comorbidities (right, RR: 17.2, p < 0.001; left, RR: 11.92, p = 0.020). In women the same association was found (right, RR: 10.42, p < 0.001; left, RR: 9.90, p < 0.001). Conclusion: lower levels of relative HGS were linked to the presence of simultaneous comorbidities (i.e., the joint presence of AO, T2D and HT). Furthermore, HGS (i.e., absolute and relative) presented an inverse association with individual anthropometric and clinical parameters related to cardiovascular risk in the Mexican population.

Resumen Introducción: la fuerza prensil de la mano (FPM) es un parámetro asociado con la multicomorbilidad en la población adulta. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la FPM (absoluta y relativa) y la obesidad abdominal (OA), la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) y la hipertensión (HT), así como su asociación con la multicomorbilidad (co-occurrencia de dos o más comorbilidades conjuntas) en una población mexicana. Metodología: se presenta un estudio transversal realizado en 860 participantes del sur de México (661 mujeres y 199 hombres). El rango de edad de los participantes fue de 18 a 65 años. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas de la población, los parámetros clínicos y antropométricos, y la medición de la FPM máxima. Resultados: los resultados demostraron una asociación entre la disminución de la FPM (absoluta y relativa) y la presencia de comorbilidades (OA, DT2 e HT). En los hombres, la disminución de la FPM relativa reportada en ambas manos se asoció con la presencia simultánea de tres comorbilidades (derecha, RR: 17,2, p < 0,001; izquierda, RR: 11,92, p = 0,020). Se observó una asociación similar también en las mujeres (derecha, RR: 10,42, p < 0,001; izquierda, RR: 9,90, p < 0,001). Conclusión: los bajos niveles de FPM relativa se asocian con la presencia simultánea de comorbilidades (presencia conjunta de OA, DT2 y HT). Además, la FPM (absoluta y relativa) se relaciona negativamente con los parámetros clínicos y antropométricos relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular en la población mexicana.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03732

Statin indication according to the 2019 World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts and carotid ultrasound in Mexican mestizo rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Galarza-Delgado, Dionicio A.

; Colunga-Pedraza, Iris J.

; Azpiri-Lopez, Jose R.

; Guajardo-Jauregui, Natalia

; Rodriguez-Romero, Alejandra B.

; Loya-Acosta, Julieta

; Meza-Garza, Alejandro

; Cardenas-de la Garza, Jesus A.

; Lugo-Perez, Salvador

; Castillo-Treviño, Jessica N.

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 4

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: We aimed to assess the concordance of recommendation for initiating statin therapy according to the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk charts and to the presence of carotid plaque (CP) identified with carotid ultrasound in Mexican mestizo rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to determine the proportion of patients reclassified to a high cardiovascular risk after the carotid ultrasound was performed. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study nested of a RA patients’ cohort. A total of 157 Mexican mestizo RA patients were included. The cardiovascular evaluation was performed using the 2019 WHO CVD risk charts (laboratory-based model) for the Central Latin America region. A carotid ultrasound was performed in all patients. The indication to start statin therapy was considered if the patient was classified as high risk, moderate risk if > 40 years with total cholesterol (TC) > 200 mg/dl or LDL-C > 120 mg/dl, and low risk if > 40 years with TC > 300 mg/dl, according to the WHO CVD risk chart or if the patient had carotid plaque (CP). Cohen’s kappa (k) coefficient was used to evaluate the concordance between statin therapy initiation. Results: Initiation of statin therapy was considered in 49 (31.2%) patients according to the 2019 WHO CVD risk charts and 49 (31.2%) patients by the presence of CP. Cardiovascular risk reclassification by the presence of CP was observed in 29 (18.9%) patients. A slight agreement (k = 0.140) was observed when comparing statin therapy recommendations between 2019 WHO CVD risk charts and the presence of CP. Conclusion: The WHO CVD risk charts failed to identify a large proportion of patients with subclinical atherosclerosis detected by the carotid ultrasound and the concordance between both methods was poor. Therefore, carotid ultra-sound should be considered in the cardiovascular evaluation of RA patients.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00235-6

Guía de práctica clínica de la Sociedad Interamericana de Cardiología sobre prevención primaria de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer
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Sueldo, Mildren A. del

; Rivera, María A. Mendonça

; Sánchez-Zambrano, Martha B.

; Zilberman, Judith

; Múnera-Echeverri, Ana G.

; Paniagua, María

; Campos-Alcántara, Lourdes

; Almonte, Claudia

; Paix-Gonzales, Amalia

; Anchique-Santos, Claudia V.

; Coronel, Claudine J.

; Castillo, Gabriela

; Parra-Machuca, María G.

; Duro, Ivanna

; Varletta, Paola

; Delgado, Patricia

; Volberg, Verónica I.

; Puente-Barragán, Adriana C.

; Rodríguez, Adriana

; Rotta-Rotta, Aida

; Fernández, Anabela

; Izeta-Gutiérrez, Ana C.

; Ancona-Vadillo, Ana E.

; Aquieri, Analía

; Corrales, Andrea

; Simeone, Andrea

; Rubilar, Bibiana

; Artucio, Carolina

; Pimentel-Fernández, Carolina

; Marques-Santos, Celi

; Saldarriaga, Clara

; Chávez, Christian

; Cáceres, Cristina

; Ibarrola, Dahiana

; Barranco, Daniela

; Muñoz-Ortiz, Edison

; Ruiz-Gastelum, Edith D.

; Bianco, Eduardo

; Murguía, Elena

; Soto, Enrique

; Rodríguez-Caballero, Fabiola

; Otiniano-Costa, Fanny

; Valentino, Giovanna

; Rodríguez-Cermeño, Iris B.

; Rivera, Ivan R.

; Gándara-Ricardo, Jairo A.

; Velásquez-Penagos, Jesús A.

; Torales, Judith

; Scavenius, Karina

; Dueñas-Criado, Karen

; García, Laura

; Roballo, Laura

; Kazelian, Lucía R.

; Coussirat-Liendo, Macarena

; Costa-Almeida, María C.

; Drever, Mariana

; Lujambio, Mariela

; Castro, Marildes L.

; Rodríguez-Sifuentes, Maritza

; Acevedo, Mónica

; Giambruno, Mónica

; Ramírez, Mónica

; Gómez, Nancy

; Gutiérrez-Castillo, Narcisa

; Greatty, Onelia

; Harwicz, Paola

; Notaro, Patricia

; Falcón, Rocío

; López, Rosario

; Montefilpo, Sady

; Ramírez-Flores, Sara

; Verdugo, Silvina

; Murguía, Soledad

; Constantini, Sonia

; Vieira, Thais C.

; Michelis, Virginia

; Serra, César M.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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2022, Volume 92 Supl. 2 Páginas 1 - 68

Resumo: Es | Texto: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000071 450 downloads

Consenso de leucemia mieloide aguda en México
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Arana-Luna, Luara L.

; Alvarado-Ibarra, Martha

; Silva-Michel, Luis G.

; Morales-Maravilla, Adrián

; González-Rubio, María del C.

; Chávez-Aguilar, Lénica A.

; Tena-Iturralde, María Fernanda

; Mojica-Balceras, Liliana

; Zapata-Canto, Nidia

; Galindo-Delgado, Patricia

; Miranda-Madrazo, María Raquel

; Morales-Hernández, Alba E.

; Silva-Vera, Karina

; Grimaldo-Gómez, Flavio A.

; Hernández-Caballero, Álvaro

; Bates-Martin, Ramón A.

; Álvarez-Vera, José L.

; Tepepa-Flores, Fredy

; Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar

; Fermín-Caminero, Denisse J.

; Peña-Celaya, José A. de la

; Salazar-Ramírez, Óscar

; Flores-Villegas, Luz V.

; Guerra-Alarcón, Lidia V.

; Leyto-Cruz, Faustino

; Inclán-Alarcón, Sergio I.

; Milán-Salvatierra, Andrea I.

; Ventura-Enríquez, Yanet

; Pérez-Lozano, Uendy

; Báez-Islas, Pamela E.

; Tapia-Enríquez, Ana L.

; Palma-Moreno, Orlando G.

; Aguilar-Luévano, Jocelyn

; Espinosa-Partida, Arturo

; Pérez-Jacobo, Luis F.

; Rojas-Castillejos, Flavio

; Ruiz-Contreras, Josué I.

; Loera-Fragoso, Sergio J.

; Medina-Coral, Jesús E.

; Acosta-Maldonado, Brenda L.

; Soriano-Mercedes, Emely J.

; Saucedo-Montes, Erick E.

; Valero-Saldana, Luis M.

; González-Prieto, Susana G.

; Nava-Villegas, Lorena

; Hernández-Colin, Ana K.

; Hernández-Alcántara, Areli E.

; Zárate-Rodríguez, Pedro A.

; Ignacio-Ibarra, Gregorio

; Meillón-García, Luis A.

; Espinosa-Bautista, Karla A.

; Ledesma de la Cruz, Cindy

; Barbosa-Loría, Diego M.

; García-Castillo, Carolina

; Balderas-Delgado, Carolina

; Cabrera-García, Álvaro

; Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M.

; Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar

; Villela-Peña, Atenas

; Gómez Cortés, Sue Cynthia

; Romero-Rodelo, Hilda

; Garzón-Velásquez, Katheryn B.

; Serrano-Hernández, Cristina

; Martínez-Ríos, Annel

; Pedraza-Solís, María Luisa

; Martínez-Coronel, Jorge A.

; Narváez-Davalos, Iris M.

; García-Camacho, Alinka S.

; Merino-Pasaye, Laura E.

; Aguilar-Andrade, Carolina

; Aguirre-Domínguez, Juan A.

; Guzmán-Mera, Pedro G.

; Delgado-de la Rosa, Elizabeth

; Flores López, Perla E.

; González-Aguirre, Lilia L.

; Ramírez-Alfaro, Edgar M.

; Vera-Calderón, Heidi

; Meza-Dávalos, María Lizeth

; Murillo-Cruz, Juan

; Pichardo-Cepín, Yayra M.

; Ramírez-Romero, Eva F.

Gaceta médica de México

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2022, Volume 158 Nº spe3 Páginas M1 - M51

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cell neoplasms of myeloid lineage that arise from the clonal expansion of their precursors in the bone marrow, interfering with cell differentiation, leading to a syndrome of bone marrow failure. AML is a consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes (point mutations, gene rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and arrangements in epigenetic changes that influence gene expression) in hematopoietic precursor cells, which create a clone of abnormal cells that are capable of proliferating but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells or undergo programmed cell death. The diagnosis requires more than 20% myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and certain cytogenic abnormalities. Treatment will depend on age, comorbidities, and cytogenetic risk among the most frequent.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m21000597 895 downloads

10.

Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
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Oyarte, Marcela

; Cabieses, Báltica

; Espinoza, Manuel

; Valenzuela, María Teresa

; Delgado, Iris

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 56 elocation 121

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES Compare self-perceived discrimination between immigrants and locals in Chile and analyze the relationship between immigration and perceived discrimination and immigration, discrimination and health outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and social capital. METHODS Cross-sectional study, using population-based survey (CASEN2017). We selected 2,409 immigrants (representative of N = 291,270) and 67,857 locals (representative of N = 5,438,036) over 18 years of age surveyed. We estimated logistic regression models, considering the complex sample, with discrimination, self-rated health, medical treatment, healthcare system membership, complementary health insurance, medical consultation and problems when consulting as dependent variables, immigration and discrimination as main exposure variables, and social capital and sociodemographic variables as covariates of the models. RESULTS Immigrants were more likely to perceive discrimination in general compared to locals (OR = 2.31; 95%CI: 1.9-2.9). However, this does not occur for all specific reasons for discrimination; skin color and physical appearance were the most frequent causes of discrimination in immigrants. The interaction between immigration and discrimination was significantly related to worse self-rated health outcomes and treatment for pathologies, disfavoring discrimination against immigrants. In both locals and immigrants, discrimination was not associated with health care access outcomes, except for problems during consultation in locals (OR = 1.61; 95%CI 1.4-1.8). CONCLUSIONS In Chile, experiences of discrimination are intertwined with other forms of rejection and social exclusion, so it is urgent to raise awareness among the population to prevent these discriminatory practices, especially in health care and daily use places. It is essential to address discrimination in order to have an impact on intermediate variables and health outcomes. The extension of the results to the entire immigrant population could be very useful to deepen the problem and improve the estimates made.

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS Comparar la autopercepción de discriminación entre inmigrantes y locales en Chile y analizar la relación entre inmigración y discriminación percibida e inmigración, discriminación y resultados de salud, ajustando por características sociodemográficas y capital social. MÉTODOS Estudio transversal, utilizando encuesta poblacional (CASEN2017). Se seleccionaron 2.409 inmigrantes (representativos de N = 291.270) y 67.857 locales (representativos de N = 5.438.036) mayores de 18 años encuestados. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logística, considerando la muestra compleja, con discriminación, salud autoevaluada, tratamiento médico, pertenencia al sistema de salud, seguros complementarios de salud, consulta médica y problemas al consultar como variables dependientes, inmigración y discriminación como variables de exposición principal, y capital social y variables sociodemográficas como covariables de los modelos. RESULTADOS Inmigrantes tuvieron mayor posibilidad de percibir discriminación en general comparado con locales (OR = 2,31; IC95% 1,9–2,9). Sin embargo, esto no ocurre para todos los motivos específicos de discriminación; color de piel y apariencia física fueron las causas de discriminación más frecuentes en inmigrantes. La interacción entre inmigración y discriminación se relacionó significativamente con peores resultados de salud autoevaluada y tratamiento por patologías, en desfavor de los inmigrantes discriminados. Tanto en locales como en inmigrantes la discriminación no se asoció con resultados de acceso a atención en salud, excepto problemas durante la consulta en locales (OR = 1,61; IC95% 1,4–1,8). CONCLUSIONES En Chile, las experiencias de discriminación se entrelazan con otras formas de rechazo y exclusión social, por lo cual es urgente concientizar a la población para prevenir estas prácticas discriminatorias, sobre todo en la atención en salud y lugares de uso cotidiano. Abordar la discriminación es indispensable para lograr impactar en variables intermedias y resultados de salud. La extensión de los resultados a toda la población inmigrante podría ser de amplia utilidad para profundizar la problemática y mejorar las estimaciones realizadas.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004125

11.

Perception of discrimination against immigrants compared to Chilean-born and its relationship with access to services and health outcomes
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Oyarte, Marcela

; Cabieses, Báltica

; Espinoza, Manuel

; Valenzuela, María Teresa

; Delgado, Iris

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 56 elocation 121

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004125

12.

Trastornos de la salud mental en personas sometidas a cuarentena, estudio transversal durante pandemia por COVID-19 en población chilena
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Prieto M., Domingo

; Durán R., Juan

; Núñez M., Nicolás

; Delgado B., Iris

; Brito M., Vicente

; Ordóñez C., Mario

; Aguilera S., Ximena

; Gabler, Guillermo

Revista médica de Chile

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Dez 2021, Volume 149 Nº 12 Páginas 1723 - 1736

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Quarantines may exacerbate the presence of emotional symptoms or anxiety. Aim: To explore the relation between time spent in lockdown and development of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Material and Methods: A survey including the GAD anxiety and PHQ-9 depression scores was answered online by 1,488 subjects aged 36 ± 14 years (74% women), invited to participate through social networks. Both scores are validated for the Chilean population. Results: Most responders had a private health insurance system. Sixty seven percent had clinically significant depressive symptoms and 39% had anxiety symptoms. Spending four or more weeks of lockdown (quarantine) was associated with 1.6 times higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and 2.9 times higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Difficulties in access to health care increased 3.3 times the risk of developing depression. Suffering a respiratory disease increased 2.39 times the risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: There was a direct association between depressive and anxious symptoms, and the time spent of quarantine.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872021001201723 76 downloads

13.

Caracterización clínico epidemiológica de la gastroenteritis por rotavirus. Estudio piloto. Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana. Noviembre 2017- abril 2018
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Ávila-Ochoa, Ivonne

; Luis-Gonzálvez, Isabel Pilar

; Amin-Blanco, Nevis

; Rojas-Márquez, Iris Nelvis

; Martínez-Bedoya, Dayle

; Tejero-Suárez, Yahisel

; Mirabal-Sosa, Mayelin

; Linares-Pérez, Nivaldo

; Delgado-Moreno, Yanelvis

Vaccimonitor

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Ago 2021, Volume 30 Nº 2 Páginas 81 - 90

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus is a major global health problem, therefore it is recommended that vaccination against rotavirus be included in immunization programs. To evaluate the impact of a future introduction in Cuba of a vaccine against this pathogen, it is necessary to have a pre-vaccination baseline of the burden of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus. Between November 2017 and April 2018, a surveillance system for gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus was implemented in the Paediatric Hospital of Centro Habana. Definitions were established for the categories of suspected, probable and confirmed cases. For each captured child, stool samples were collected, analyzed with rapid strips and confirmated by ELISA. To determine the severity of the disease, the Vesikari score was used. The results were expressed in absolute and relative figures; the analysis was performed through chi-square. Of the total admissions for acute diarrheal disease, 26% met the inclusion criteria and 46% were confirmed for rotavirus. Overcrowding at home and attending a day care center were risk factors. The gastroenterology service absorbed the greatest burden of hospital admissions for this cause. The results shown validate the role of the implemented surveillance system and provide new evidence on the burden of disease and use of services for rotavirus gastroenteritis in a cuban pediatric hospital.

RESUMEN La gastroenteritis causada por rotavirus constituye un importante problema de salud mundial, por lo que se recomienda incluir la vacunación contra el rotavirus en los programas de inmunización. Para evaluar el impacto de una futura introducción en Cuba de una vacuna contra este patógeno, resulta necesario crear una línea de base pre-vacunación de la carga de la gastroenteritis causada por este virus. Entre noviembre 2017 a abril 2018 se implementó en el Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana un sistema de vigilancia para la gastroenteritis causada por rotavirus. Se establecieron las definiciones para las categorías de caso sospechoso, probable y confirmado. Por cada niño captado se recogió una muestra de heces que se analizó con tiras rápidas y se confirmó la presencia de rotavirus por ELISA. Para determinar la severidad de la enfermedad se utilizó la escala de Vesikari. Los resultados fueron expresados en cifras absolutas y relativas, el análisis se realizó a través de la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Del total de ingresos por enfermedad diarreica aguda, el 26% cumplió los criterios de inclusión y el 46% resultó confirmado como rotavirus. El hacinamiento en el hogar y asistir al círculo infantil se comportaron como factores de riesgo. El servicio de gastroenterología absorbió la mayor carga de ingresos hospitalarios por esta causa. Los resultados mostrados validan la funcionalidad del sistema de vigilancia implementado y brindan nuevas evidencias sobre la carga de la enfermedad y la utilización de los servicios de un hospital pediátrico cubano, debido a la gastroenteritis provocada por rotavirus, lo que justifica la introducción de la vacuna.

14.

Negative feelings and behaviour are associated with low nutritional level, unhealthy lifestyle, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean schoolchildren
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Delgado-Floody, Pedro

; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe

; Guzmán-Guzmán, Iris Paola

; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel

; Cofré-Lizama, Alfonso

; Álvarez, Cristian

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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Ago 2020, Volume 37 Nº 4 Páginas 707 - 714

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: feelings and behaviours are an important tool that should be considered to prevent early unhealthy lifestyles. Objective: the objective was to determine the association between feelings (i.e., sadness, loneliness, and school behaviour) with lifestyle (i.e., physical activity patterns and nutritional level), and as secondary endpoint to determine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and lifestyle with obesity and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in Latin American schoolchildren. Methods: this cross-sectional study included a sample of 634 schoolchildren (girls, n = 282, 11.86 ± 0.82 years, and boys, n = 352, 12.02 ± 0.87 years) from publics schools in Chile. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), body fat (BF), lifestyle, nutritional level, HRQoL, and CMR (i.e., WtHR > 0.5) were evaluated. Results: schoolchildren who have felt sadness and loneliness presented an association with low nutritional level (OR: 4.26, 95 % CI: 2.0-9.0, p < 0.001, and OR: 4.47, 95 % CI: 2.5-7.9, p < 0.001, respectively), bad lifestyle (OR: 2.14, 95 % CI: 1.0-4.54, p = 0.048, and OR: 1.78, 95 % CI: 1.01-3.1, p = 0.045, respectively), and obesity (OR: 2.0, 95 % CI; 0.89-4.54, p = 0.09, and OR: 2.05, 95 % CI; 1.04-4.0, p = 0.037, respectively). Schoolchildren who have had enough time for themselves reported an association with bad lifestyle (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.47-1.02, p = 0.06), and those who have could not pay attention presented the highest association with bad lifestyle (OR: 4.64, 95 % CI: 72-12.56, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Latin American schoolchildren who have felt sadness and loneliness reported unhealthy lifestyles (i.e., lower nutritional level, increased screen time, and low physical activity), obesity, and thus a higher CMR burden.

Resumen Antecedentes: los sentimientos y los comportamientos son una herramienta importante que se debe tener en cuenta para prevenir el estilo de vida poco saludable. Objetivo: el objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre los sentimientos (es decir, tristeza, soledad y comportamiento escolar) con el estilo de vida (es decir, los patrones de actividad física y el nivel nutricional), y el segundo objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y el estilo de vida con la obesidad y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (CMR) en escolares latinoamericanos. Métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó una muestra de 634 escolares (niñas, n = 282, 11,86 ± 0,82 años y niños, n = 352, 12,02 ± 0,87 años) de escuelas públicas de Chile. Se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la relación cintura-estatura (RCE), la grasa corporal (GC), el estilo de vida, el nivel nutricional, la CVRS y el CMR (es decir, RCE > 0,5). Resultados: los escolares que han sentido tristeza y soledad presentaron asociación con un bajo nivel nutricional (OR: 4,26, IC 95 %: 2,0-9,0, p < 0,001, y OR: 4,47, IC 95 %: 2,5-7,9, p < 0,001, respectivamente), un mal estilo de vida (OR: 2,14, IC 95 %: 1,0-4,54, p = 0,048 y OR: 1,78, IC 95 %: 1,01-3,1, p = 0,045, respectivamente) y obesidad (OR: 2,0, IC 95 %: 0,89-4,54, p = 0,09 y OR: 2,05, IC 95 %: 1,04-4,0, p = 0,037, respectivamente). Los escolares que han tenido suficiente tiempo para sí mismos informaron la asociación con un mal estilo de vida (OR: 0,69; IC del 95 %: 0,47-1,02, p = 0,06), y los que no han podido prestar atención en la escuela presentaron una mayor asociación con un estilo de vida malo (OR: 4.64, IC 95 %: 72-12,56, p = 0,002). Conclusión: en conclusión, los escolares latinoamericanos que han sentido tristeza y soledad reportaron un estilo de vida poco saludable (es decir, un nivel nutricional más bajo, más tiempo frente a la pantalla y poca actividad física), obesidad y, por lo tanto, mayor CMR.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03086 90 downloads

15.

The association between children's food habits, anthropometric parameters and health-related quality of life in Chilean school-age children
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Delgado-Floody, Pedro

; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe

; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel

; Cofré-Lizama, Alfonso

; Guzmán-Guzmán, Iris Paola

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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Out 2019, Volume 36 Nº 5 Páginas 1061 - 1066

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: children's food habits have an influence on physical and mental health and should be monitored. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determinate the association between children's food habits (i.e., Mediterranean diet adherence), anthropometric parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: girls (n = 282, 11.86 ± 0.82 years) and boys (n = 352, 12.02 ± 0.87 years) enrolled in public schools were included in this study (n = 634). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), body fat (BF), nutritional level and HRQoL were evaluated. Results: the schoolchildren with high nutritional levels reported higher HRQoL (p = 0.018) and presented lower BMI, WC and WtHR (p < 0.001). Likewise, according to the following questions: Have your parent(s) treated you fairly? and Have you felt full of energy? The schoolchildren with high nutritional levels reported the major proportion in very and extremely answers (p < 0.001). The BMI was negatively correlated with HRQoL (r = -0.33, p < 0.05). Beside, children's food habits had significant correlation with HRQoL (r = 0.48, p = 0.002). The BMI (B = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.55, 0.93, p = 0.001) and children's food habits (B = -0.78, 95% CI = -0.09, -0.02, p = 0.002) reported associations with HRQoL. Conclusion: in conclusion, the nutritional level (i.e., Mediterranean diet adherence) and BMI presented associations with HRQoL in Chilean schoolchildren; therefore, it is important to consider these results and develop different strategies in schoolchildren to improve their nutritional levels, as HRQoL represents a measure of happiness or satisfaction with life.

Resumen Introducción: los hábitos alimentarios de los niños influyen en su salud física y mental, por lo tanto, deben controlarse. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los hábitos alimentarios de los niños (adherencia a la dieta mediterránea), los parámetros antropométricos y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: se incluyeron en este estudio (n = 634) niñas (n = 282, 11,86 ± 0,82 años) y niños (n = 352, 12,02 ± 0,87 años) inscritos en escuelas públicas. Se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la relación cintura-altura (RCE), la grasa corporal (GC), el nivel nutricional y la CVRS. Resultados: los escolares con niveles nutricionales altos tuvieron una CVRS más alta (p = 0,018) y presentaron un IMC, CC y RCE más bajos (p < 0,001). Del mismo modo, de acuerdo a las preguntas "¿te han tratado tus padres de manera justa?" y "¿te has sentido lleno de energía?", los escolares con altos niveles nutricionales obtuvieron la mayor proporción en respuestas muy y muy altas (p < 0,001). El IMC se correlacionó negativamente con la CVRS (r = -0,33, p < 0,05). Además, los hábitos alimenticios de los niños tuvieron una correlación significativa con la CVRS (r = 0,48, p = 0,002). El IMC (B = -0,41; IC 95% = -0,55, 0,93, p = 0,001) y los hábitos alimentarios de los niños (B = -0.78, IC 95% = -0.09, -0.02, p = 0,002) reportaron asociaciones con la CVRS. Conclusión: en conclusión, el nivel nutricional (es decir, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea) y el IMC presentaron asociaciones con la CVRS en escolares chilenos; por lo tanto, es importante tener en cuenta estos resultados y desarrollar diferentes estrategias en los escolares para mejorar sus niveles nutricionales, ya que la CVRS representa una medida de felicidad o satisfacción con la vida.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.02643 333 downloads

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