ABSTRACT Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus that emerged in the Americas in 2013. Infection with CHIKV is symptomatic in most of the cases and patients can develop chronic arthralgia that lasts from months to years in over 40% of the cases. The East-Central-South Africa (ECSA) genotype was introduced in Brazil in 2014, in Bahia State. Here we report the circulation of the CHIKV ECSA genotype in Piaui State, Northeast Brazil, during the years 2016-2017. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a single introduction of this lineage probably in 2015 and its maintenance at least until 2017. This analysis has also demonstrated the proximity of this genotype with isolates from neighboring States, and its partial nucleotide sequence of the viral E1 gene revealed a synapomorphy synonyms. This finding highlights the spread of the ECSA genotype in Brazil and supports its circulation in the Brazilian Northeast.

Abstract Dengue is a major worldwide public health problem, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Primary infection with a single Dengue virus serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. However, a subset of patients who experience secondary infection with a different serotype can progress to a more severe form of the disease, called dengue hemorrhagic fever. The four Dengue virus serotypes (1–4) are antigenically and genetically distinct and each serotype is composed of multiple genotypes. In this study we isolated one Dengue virus 1 serotype, named BR/Alfenas/2012, from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Alfenas, South Minas Gerais, Brazil and molecular identification was performed based on the analysis of NS5 gene. Swiss mice were infected with this isolate to verify its potential to induce histopathological alterations characteristic of dengue. Liver histopathological analysis of infected animals showed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates, hepatic steatosis, as well as edema, hemorrhage and necrosis focal points. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses based on the envelope gene provided evidence that the isolate BR/Alfenas/2012 belongs to genotype V, lineage I and it is probably derived from isolates of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate BR/Alfenas/2012 showed two unique amino acids substitutions (SER222THRE and PHE306SER) when compared to other Brazilian isolates from the same genotype/lineage. Molecular models were generated for the envelope protein indicating that the amino acid alteration PHE 306 SER could contribute to a different folding in this region located within the domain III. Further genetic and animal model studies using BR/Alfenas/2012 and other isolates belonging to the same lineage/genotype could help determine the relation of these genetic alterations and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a susceptible population.

São poucos os balanços da historiografia do futebol brasileiro. Este artigo procurou realizar um necessário levantamento crítico de algumas das principais obras da história do futebol no Brasil, não apenas para avaliar o estado da arte da produção sobre o tema, mas também a fim de estimular reflexões metodológicas e conceituais. Buscou-se perceber como sua memória foi elaborada por aqueles que escreveram suas histórias.

There are few studies on the historiography of Brazilian soccer. This article aimed at performing a necessary critical reflection about some of the most important works of soccer history in Brazil, not only in order to evaluate the state of art production on the theme, but also to stimulate methodological and conceptual reflections. We also sought to perceive how the memory pertaining Brazilian soccer was elaborated by those who wrote its histories.

No hay muchos estudios acerca de la historiografía del fútbol brasileño. En este artículo se pretende realizar un estudio crítico de algunas obras importantes en la historia del fútbol en Brasil, no sólo para evaluar el estado de la producción sobre el tema, sino también para estimular reflexiones metodológicas y conceptuales. Hemos tratado de entender cómo la memoria del fútbol brasileño ha sido elaborada por los que escribieron sus historias.

Il ya peu d'études sur l'historiographie du football brésilien. Cet article vise à effectuer une réflexion critique nécessaire sur quelques-unes des oeuvres les plus importantes produites de l'histoire du football au Brésil, non seulement pour évaluer l'état de l'art de notre production historiographique sur le thème, mais aussi de stimuler la réflexion méthodologique et conceptuel. Il vise également à souligner la façon dont la mémoire sur le football brésilien a été développé par ceux qui ont écrit ses histoires.

Foram investigadas as alterações no crescimento e nos teores de carboidratos da parte aérea e sistema radicular em resposta à manipulação fonte-dreno em cafeeiros cultivados em condições de campo. Essas manipulações foram realizadas mediante desfrutificação manual. Dois grupos de plantas foram estabelecidos: em um grupo, a produção de frutos foi mantida, enquanto no segundo grupo, todos os frutos foram retirados manualmente. Cafeeiros, com e sem frutos apresentaram resultados semelhantes em termos de altura, diâmetro do caule e saia e comprimentos de ramos. Nas avaliações bioquímicas nas raízes não foram verificadas diferenças entre os níveis de carboidratos. Nas folhas, os teores de açúcares solúveis e açúcares redutores foram maiores nas plantas com frutos. As concentrações de amido nas raízes e folhas não variaram entre os tratamentos. A densidade de comprimento de raízes na camada de solo de 0-0,4 m.não se diferenciou entre plantas com e sem frutos. Entretanto, as plantas sem frutos apresentaram maior densidade de comprimento radicular que aquelas plantas com carga completa. Esses resultados contrastam com os resultados publicados por outros autores considerando-se as relações fonte-dreno do cafeeiro. A análise conjunta dos dados mostra que os cafeeiros jovens, com carga moderada e com bom estado nutricional produzem carboidratos em quantidades suficientes para manter o crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o crescimento do sistema radicular.

This paper investigated changes in growth and carbohydrate content of shoots and root systems in response to source-sink manipulation in field-grown coffee trees. The source-sink manipulations were carried out using manual de-fruiting. Two plots of trees were established: in one group, the fruit was left on the tree, while in the second group all fruits were removed manually. Similar results were obtained for coffee trees with and without fruit in terms of height, stem and skirt diameter and branch lengths. A biochemical evaluation of the roots showed that no differences were found between the levels of carbohydrates. In the leaves, levels of soluble sugars and reducing sugars were higher in plants with fruit. The starch concentration in leaves and roots did not vary between the plots. Root length density did not vary between plants with and without fruit in the 0 - 0.4 m soil layer. However, plants without fruit had a higher root length density than plants with a full fruit load. These results contrast with results published by others on source-sink relationships of coffee plants. The joint data analysis shows that young trees, with a moderate fruit load, and with good nutritional and health status, produce carbohydrates in sufficient quantities to maintain vegetative and reproductive growth, without harming root system growth.

Durante a primeira Era Vargas no Brasil (1930-1945), e durante os dois primeiros mandatos de Perón (1946-1952 e 1952-1955) na Argentina, o esporte foi um importante instrumento político. O controle estatal sobre o esporte e sua utilização pelos meios de propaganda política visavam a criar um elo de identificação nacional entre esporte e governo. Por esta razão, este artigo estabelece uma relação entre o esporte e a política nos dois governos estudados, comparando manifestações públicas - eventos esportivos, comemorações cívicas -, a produção dos principais órgãos da imprensa esportiva especializada e produções culturais do Estado, que envolvem o esporte e a ideologia oficial dos regimes.

During the first Vargas Era in Brazil (1930-1945), and the first two administrations of Perón in Argentina (1946-1952 and 1952-1955), sport was an important political instrument. The control of the State over sport and its use by political propaganda aimed at creating a link of national identification between sport and government. For that reason, this article establishes a relationship between sport and politics in the two governments, comparing their public events - sports events, civic celebrations -, the production of their main sports periodicals, and State cultural productions, involving sport and the official ideology of the regimes.

Pendant le premier gouvernement Vargas au Brésil (1930-1945), et les deux premiers mandats de Perón en Argentine (1946-1952 et 1952-1955), le sport a été un important instrument politique. Le contrôle de l'État sur le sport et son usage par la propagande politique avaient le but de créer un lien d'identification nationale entre sport et gouvernement. Pour cette raison, cet article établit un rapport entre sport et politique dans les gouvernements analysés, en comparant leurs événements publics - événements sportifs, célébrations civiques -, la production de leurs principaux journaux de sports et les productions culturelles de l'État, liées au sport et à l'idéologie officielle des régimes.

Condutos e remendos de pericárdio bovino (PB) têm sido utilizados na substituição ou reparo da aorta ascendente e segmentos iniciais do arco aórtico, na nossa Instituição desde 1989. As principais vantagens são a facilidade de seu manuseio, a boa hemostasia, o baixo custo. Este estudo foi realizado para analisar o comportamento desse heteroenxerto após um mínimo de 2 anos de implante. No período de fevereiro de 1989 a fevereiro de 1994, 83 pacientes foram submetidos a 85 procedimentos com implante de enxertos de PB na aorta ascendente ou arco aórtico. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 18%. Trinta e um pacientes com pelo menos 2 anos de seguimento foram selecionados para análise do enxerto (seguimento médio= 40,9 meses). Foram submetidos a estudo cl ínico e ecocardiográfico, sendo 15 reestudados através de cineangiocardiograf ia. Foram pesquisados o desempenho hemodinâmico e a presença de alterações, tais como dilatação, calcificação, trombose ou pseudoaneurisma. Em todos os pacientes o enxerto estava funcionando perfeitamente e sem ocorrência de qualquer anormalidade. O presente estudo permite concluir que, em até 5 anos, não se observou qualquer alteração adversa no funcionamento desses enxertos, que se mostraram de mais fácil manuseio e mais hemostáticos que os enxertos de Dacron classicamente usados.

Bovine pericardial (P.B.) grafts are in clinical use at Biocor Institute since 1989 for replacement or repair of the ascending aorta (AsAo) and the initial segment of the aortic arch (AoAr); the main advantages of B.F. grafts that justified its clinical application are: easiness to handle, fully hemostatic and low cost. This study was conducted to analyse the fate of the heterograft after a minimum of 2 years of implantation. From February 1989 to Frebruary 1994, 84 patients had a B.P. graft implanted in the AsAo or AoAr. The total hospital mortality was 18%. Thirty-one patients who had two years of follow-up were selected for analysis of the B.P. graft (mean follow-up = 40.9 months). They underwent either an echocardiographic examination or an aortographic study (n=15) in order to determine the presence of dilatation, calcification, thrombus and pseudoaneurysm. In all patients the graft was functioning perfectly and no abnormalities were recorded. The current follow-up is short and complications such as calcification and pseudoaneurysm may still develop, therefore a longer time is required. The present study has shown superior handling and hemostatic properties over the classical Dacron grafts and no adverse behavior was noted during this 4 years of study.