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Patch tests and hand eczema: retrospective study in 173 patients and literature review
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Suzuki, Nathalie Mie

; Hafner, Mariana de Figueiredo Silva

; Lazzarini, Rosana

; Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes

; Veasey, John Verrinder

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Jun 2023, Volume 98 Nº 3 Páginas 339 - 346

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Hand eczema (HE) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and multifactorial disease. It encompasses a group of eczematous diseases that affect the hands, etiologically classified into irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Few epidemiological studies in Latin America have investigated the characteristics of patients with this condition and the origin of the disease. Objectives To analyze the profile of patients diagnosed with HE submitted to patch tests aiming to determine its etiology. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on epidemiological data and patch tests of patients with HE treated at a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo from January 2013 to December 2020. Results A total of 173 patients were studied, whose final diagnosis was 61.8% of ICD, 23.1% of ACD and 5.2% of AD, with diagnostic overlap in 42.8% of the cases. The main positive and relevant patch tests were: Kathon CG (42%), nickel sulfate (33%), and thiuram mix (18%). Study limitations The number of treated cases and socioeconomic profile was limited to a vulnerable population group. Conclusion HE is a diagnosis in which overlapping etiologies are frequent, with the main sensitizers identified in ACD being Kathon CG, nickel sulfate and thiuram mix.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2022.02.007

Teenage pregnancy in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
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Monteiro, Denise Leite Maia

; Monteiro, Ida Peréa

; Machado, Márcia Sacramento Cunha

; Bruno, Zenilda Vieira

; Silveira, Filomena Aste da

; Rehme, Marta Francis Benevides

; Takiuti, Albertina Duarte

; Rodrigues, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Mar 2023, Volume 69 Nº 3 Páginas 372 - 376

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20221465

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with eyelid eczema attended at a referral service from 2004 to 2018
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de Figueiredo Silva Hafner, Mariana

; Cerqueira Elia, Victoria

; Lazzarini, Rosana

; Duarte, Ida

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Fev 2023, Volume 98 Nº 1 Páginas 84 - 86

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2021.10.014

Trends in teenage pregnancy in Brazil in the last 20 years (2000-2019)
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Monteiro, Denise Leite Maia

; Monteiro, Ida Peréa

; Machado, Márcia Sacramento Cunha

; Bruno, Zenilda Vieira

; Silveira, Filomena Aste da

; Rehme, Marta Francis Benevides

; Takiuti, Albertina Duarte

; Rodrigues, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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Jun 2021, Volume 67 Nº 5 Páginas 759 - 765

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of teenage pregnancy in all Brazilian regions and states in the period of 2000-2019 among two age groups, namely, 10-14 and 15-19 years old, and correlate it with the human development index. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed by using the data from the Live Birth Info System from the National Health System’s database. RESULTS: The percentage of live births from teenage mothers (age 10-19 years) in Brazil decreased by 37.2% (i.e., 23.4 in 2000 to 14.7% in 2019) in all regions. Amazonas and Maranhão were the only states to show increased fertility rates for teens in the age group of 10-14 years. The fertility index decreased from 80.9-48% in all states among mothers aged 15-19 years. Only the Southeast and South regions showed levels below the Brazilian average (i.e., 38.2 and 39%, respectively). The proportion of live birth showed an inversely proportional trend to the human development index score. CONCLUSIONS: Brazil shows a decline in the percentage of live birth among adolescent mothers and the fertility rate. Live birth is inversely proportional to the human development index score. However, the teenage pregnancy numbers are still high, with great regional inequality in the country.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20210265 279 downloads

Nickel, chromium and cobalt: the relevant allergens in allergic contact dermatitis. Comparative study between two periods: 1995-2002 and 2003-2015
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Duarte, Ida

; Mendonça, Rodolfo Ferreira

; Korkes, Karen Levy

; Lazzarini, Rosana

; Hafner, Mariana de Figueiredo Silva

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Fev 2018, Volume 93 Nº 1 Páginas 59 - 62

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Background: Metals are common agents of allergic contact dermatitis, occupational or not, with decreasing incidence over the last years in some countries that have regulated the amount of nickel in objects. Objectives: To analyze and compare with previous studies the profile of metal sensitization between 2003-2015. Methods: Patients who underwent patch testing between 2003-2015 were evaluated retrospectively regarding the sensitization rates to metals, the associations between them, the relationship with profession and epidemiology. Results: Of the 1,386 patients tested, 438 (32%) had positive test to some metal, similar results to the 404/1,208 (33%) of the previous study (1995-2002) performed at the same service (p=0.32). The frequency of nickel (77%), cobalt (32%) and chromium (29%) changed slightly (p=0.20). Most cases of sensitization to chromium were related to the occupation (64%), in contrast to nickel and cobalt (p<0.0001). There was a predominance of females among those sensitized to metal in both studies (p=0.63) and the age group of 20-49 years old (p=0.11); the number of fair-skinned individuals increased (p<0.001), as well as the lesions in the cephalic segment (50.5%; p<0.0001) and hands (45%; p<0.0001), which are not the most frequent location anymore. The number of cleaners decreased (39% vs. 59%; p<0.0001), which still lead in front of bricklayers/painters, which increased (14% vs. 9%; p=0.013). The frequency of wet work reduced (65% vs. 81%; p<0.0001). Study limitations: The study included a single population group; only patients with positive tests to metals were considered - the others were not evaluated for the possibility of false negatives. Conclusion: The sensitization to metals, occupational or not, has been significant over the last 21 years, with few epidemiological changes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186047 877 downloads

Nickel exposure from keys: a Brazilian issue
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Suzuki, Nathalie Mie

; Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes

; Hafner, Mariana de Figueiredo Silva

; Lazzarini, Rosana

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Out 2017, Volume 92 Nº 5 Páginas 734 - 735

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Keys are a significant source of exposure to metal allergens and can be a relevant problem for nickel-allergic individuals. This study aimed to perform nickel and cobalt spot testing among the 5 most common Brazilian brands of keys. Among the tested keys, 100% showed positive result to nickel spot test, 83,3% presented strong positive reaction. 50% exhibited cobalt release as well. Nickel release from keys is very common in our country and may cause a negative impact on sensitized individual's quality of life. Study's results highlight the importance of establishing directives to regulate nickel release in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175754 1089 downloads

Sensitive skin: review of an ascending concept
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Duarte, Ida

; Silveira, Jéssica Eleonora P. S.

; Hafner, Mariana de Figueiredo Silva

; Toyota, Raquel

; Pedroso, Debora Midori M.

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Ago 2017, Volume 92 Nº 4 Páginas 521 - 525

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Sensitive skin is a condition characterized by stinging, burning and itching sensations. The diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of sensitive skin are still under discussion. In the last years, studies on its epidemiology have been performed, showing a high prevalence and impact on quality of life. Brazilian population was also considered in these studies. Cosmetics, climate changes and skin barrier impairment are the main factors that contribute for skin hyperreactivity. New studies are trying to bring new knowledge about the theme. This review will describe data on epidemiology, triggering factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.201756111 3353 downloads

Hemostatic disorders induced by skin contact with Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) caterpillars
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Sano-Martins, Ida Sigueko

; Duarte, Alaour Candida

; Guerrero, Belsy

; Moraes, Roberto Henrique Pinto

; Barros, Elvino José Guardão

; Arocha-Piñango, Carmen Luisa

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2017, Volume 59 elocation e24

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Patients envenomed by Lonomia sp caterpillars initially experience a mild burning pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, and skin and mucosal hemorrhages. Some patients can rapidly progress to a severe coagulopathy that presents as visceral or intracerebral hemorrhaging. We studied the hemostatic alterations that occurred in 14 patients who were envenomed by Lonomia obliqua in Southern Brazil and presented at the Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (Passo Fundo, RS), Brazil during the summers of 1993 and 1994 when Lonomia antivenom was not yet available for treatment. The patients were classified into to 4 clinical groups: 0 (two patients), I (eight patients), II (two patients), and III (two patients). The patients were admitted to the hospital between 4 hours and five days after contact with the caterpillars. In this study, the coagulation parameters of the patients were followed up for up to 172 hours after the accidents. The patients received no treatment with the exceptions of two patients who received blood transfusions and antifibrinolytic treatment. The observed abnormalities related to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were similar regardless of the severity of the bleeding symptoms. These findings suggest that alterations in hemostatic parameters without thrombocytopenia are not predictors of the seriousness of such accidents. Thus, consumptive disorder and reactive fibrinolysis are not proportional to mild coagulopathy. Furthermore, these patients recovered. The hemostatic parameters of most of the patients normalized between 96 and 120 h after the accident.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201759024 1923 downloads

Ultraviolet radiation emitted by lamps, TVs, tablets and computers: are there risks for the population?
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Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes

; Hafner, Mariana de Figueiredo Silva

; Malvestiti, Andrey Augusto

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Ago 2015, Volume 90 Nº 4 Páginas 595 - 597

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

AbstractThe frequent human exposure to various types of indoor lamps, as well as other light sources (television monitors, tablets and computers), raises a question: are there risks for the population? In the present study the emission of UVA and UVB radiation by lamps and screens of electronic devices were measured in order to determine the safe distance between the emitting source and the individual. We concluded that the lamps and electronic devices do not emit ultraviolet radiation; so they pose no health risk for the population.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153616 2842 downloads

10.

Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection
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Schalka, Sérgio

; Steiner, Denise

; Ravelli, Flávia Naranjo

; Steiner, Tatiana

; Terena, Aripuanã Cobério

; Marçon, Carolina Reato

; Ayres, Eloisa Leis

; Addor, Flávia Alvim Sant'anna

; Miot, Helio Amante

; Ponzio, Humberto

; Duarte, Ida

; Neffá, Jane

; Cunha, José Antônio Jabur da

; Boza, Juliana Catucci

; Samorano, Luciana de Paula

; Corrêa, Marcelo de Paula

; Maia, Marcus

; Nasser, Nilton

; Leite, Olga Maria Rodrigues Ribeiro

; Lopes, Otávio Sergio

; Oliveira, Pedro Dantas

; Meyer, Renata Leal Bregunci

; Cestari, Tânia

; Reis, Vitor Manoel Silva dos

; Rego, Vitória Regina Pedreira de Almeida

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Dez 2014, Volume 89 Nº 6 Páginas 1 - 74

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun. Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143971 14207 downloads

11.

Patch tests
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Lazzarini, Rosana

; Duarte, Ida

; Ferreira, Alessandra Lindmayer

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Dez 2013, Volume 88 Nº 6 Páginas 879 - 888

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os testes de contato foram introduzidos, como ferramenta diagnóstica, no final do século XIX. Desde então passaram por diversos aprimoramentos tornando-os o que são hoje. Eles são utilizados na investigação diagnóstica das dermatites de contato em diferentes partes do mundo. Devem ser aplicados com a utilização de baterias ou séries previamente estudadas e padronizadas. A metodologia é simples, mas requer treinamento adequado para sua interpretação e bom aproveitamento dos resultados obtidos. Apesar de ser utilizado há mais de um século, necessita de aprimoramentos como todas as outras técnicas utilizadas para investigação diagnóstica na área médica.

Patch tests were introduced as a diagnostic tool in the late nineteenth century. Since then, they have improved considerably becoming what they are today. Patch tests are used in the diagnostic investigation of contact dermatitis worldwide. Batteries or series previously studied and standardized should be used in patch testing. The methodology is simple, but it requires adequate training for the results to be correctly interpreted and used. Despite having been used for over a century, it needs improvement like all other diagnostic techniques in the medical field.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132323 4988 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

12.

Patch test standard series recommended by the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Study Group during the 2006-2011 period
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Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes

; Tanaka, Greta Merie

; Suzuki, Nathalie Mie

; Lazzarini, Rosana

; Lopes, Andressa Sato de Aquino

; Volpini, Beatrice Mussio Fornazier

; Castro, Paulo Carrara de

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Dez 2013, Volume 88 Nº 6 Páginas 1015 - 1018

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Estudo retrospectivo foi realizado entre 2006 e 2011 em 618 pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica de dermatite de contato submetidos à bateria padrão de testes de contato preconizada pelo Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos em Dermatite de Contato com o objetivo de avaliar a variação, a cada ano, da frequência de positividade para as substâncias da bateria. Os principais sensibilizantes foram sulfato de níquel, timerosal e bicromato de potássio. As substâncias com diminuição da frequência de sensibilização estatisticamente significante foram lanolina (p = 0,01), neomicina (p = 0,01) e antraquinona (p = 0,04). A continuação deste trabalho poderá contribuir para verificar aqueles componentes que poderão ser eliminados da bateria, por representarem pouco risco de sensibilização.

A retrospective study was carried out between 2006-2011. Six hundred and eighteen patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis underwent the standard patch test series recommended by the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Research Group. The aim of our study was to evaluate the variation of positive patch-test results from standard series year by year. The most frequently positive allergens were: nickel sulfate, thimerosal and potassium bichromate. Decrease of positive patch-test results over the years was statistically significant for: lanolin (p=0.01), neomycin (p=0.01) and anthraquinone (p=0.04). A follow-up study should be useful in determining which allergens could be excluded from standard series, as they may represent low sensitization risk.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132374 2566 downloads

13.

An evaluation of the treatment of parapsoriasis with phototherapy
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Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes

; Korkes, Karen Levy

; Amorim, Vanessa Alice M.

; Kobata, Clarice

; Buense, Roberta

; Lazzarini, Rosana

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Abr 2013, Volume 88 Nº 2 Páginas 306 - 308

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Há controvérsias se parapsoríase pode evoluir para linfoma Cutâneo de Células T. Neste trabalho avaliou-se eficácia da fototerapia no tratamento da parapsoríase e sua relação com linfoma Cutâneo de Células T. Selecionaram-se pacientes com parapsoríase tratados com PUVA ou UVB-NB. Após um-oito anos do tratamento, pacientes foram contatatos para avaliar a evolução da doença. Em 62 pacientes, a taxa de cura foi de 79,3%;17,2% apresentaram melhora de lesões. Apenas dois pacientes evoluíram para linfoma Cutâneo de Células T. A fototerapia mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da parapsoríase, independente do tipo de fototerapia utilizada. Nos casos estudados, parapsóríase não mostrou tendência a se desenvolver em linfoma Cutâneo de Células T.

Whether parapsoriasis represents an early stage of T-cell cutaneous lymphoma is still the subject of controversy. We evaluated the efficacy of phototherapy in the treatment of parapsoriasis and its relation with TCCL. Patients diagnosed with parapsoriasis and treated with phototherapy PUVA or UVB-NB were selected. Between 1 to 8 years following treatment the evolution of their disease was evaluated. In 62 patients the cure rate was 79.3% and 17.2% showed improvement of the lesions. Only two patients developed full blown T-cell cutaneous lymphoma. Phototherapy is an excellent treatment for parapsoriasis, with high cure rates, regardless of the type of phototherapy employed. Of the 62 patients under study, parapsoriasis showed no general tendency to progress to T-cell cutaneous lymphoma.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962013000200028 3967 downloads

14.

Evaluation of the permanence of skin sensitization to allergens in patients with allergic contact dermatitis
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Duarte, Ida

; Silva, Mariana de Figueiredo

; Malvestiti, Andrey Augusto

; Machado, Beatriz de Abreu Ribeiro

; Lazzarini, Rosana

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Dez 2012, Volume 87 Nº 6 Páginas 833 - 837

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

FUNDAMENTOS: Testes de contato positivos, relevantes com a história clínica, identificam os materiais que desencadeiam a dermatite alérgica de contato (DAC). OBJETIVOS: 1)Verificar a persistência ou não de resultados entre testes de contato realizados com intervalo mínimo de um ano, em pacientes com dermatite alérgica de contato; 2)Determinar a persistência de testes de contato positivos de acordo com a sua intensidade (+, ++ ou +++); 3)Avaliar a permanência de sensibilização de acordo com cada substância testada. MÉTODO: Pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de DAC, confirmado por testes de contato realizados entre 2005 e 2008, foram submetidos à realização de novos testes, utilizando a mesma metodologia do anterior, e os dados foram comparados. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1470 resultados dos dois testes realizados em 49 pacientes foi analisado. Os testes negativos mantiveram-se no segundo teste em 96% e 4% passaram a positivo (+), sem apresentar relevância com a história clínica. Nenhum teste negativo no primeiro teste passou para positivo de intensidade (++) ou (+++). Além disso, os testes positivos(++) mantiveram-se em 86% dos testes e, os positivos (+++), em 100%. Já em relação aos testes positivos(+), 65% tornaram-se negativos. Ao se desconsiderar todos os resultados positivos(+), o índice Kappa foi de 0,88, evidenciando concordância excelente entre os dois testes realizados. CONCLUSÕES: Os testes de contato mostraram-se confiáveis para os resultados negativo, positivo (++) e (+++).

BACKGROUND: Background: Patch tests are an efficient method to confirm the etiological diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine the permanence of results between two tests performed with an interval of at least one year, in patients with allergic contact dermatitis; 2) To compare the positive results according to rates of intensity; 3) To evaluate the permanence of sensitization according to each substance that was tested. METHODS: Patients with previous diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, confirmed by patch tests carried out between the years 2005 and 2008, underwent new testing, using the same methodology, and data was compared. RESULTS: A total of 1470 results of both tests on 49 patients were analyzed. The negative results remained in the second test in a rate of 96%, and 4% became positive (+) without relevance to the clinical history. Moreover, moderately (++) and strongly (+++) positive results were also maintained in, respectively, 86% and 100%. Nevertheless, weakly (+) positive results became negative in 65%. By ignoring all weakly (+) positive tests, the calculation of Kappa Index of Agreement Statistics between the two tests showed a value of 0.88. CONCLUSION: Patch tests showed to be reliable for negative, moderately (++) positive and strongly (+++) positive results, by reproducing the same standard of individual response to allergens. However, for weakly (+) positive results, tests were not reliable.

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15.

Allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers detected in a clinic that did not specialize in occupational dermatitis
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Lazzarini, Rosana

; Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes

; Sumita, Juliana Mayumi

; Minnicelli, Rogério

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Ago 2012, Volume 87 Nº 4 Páginas 567 - 571

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

FUNDAMENTOS: A dermatite de contato é uma das dermatoses comumente relacionadas ao trabalho. Entre os pedreiros o cimento pode causar tanto a Dermatite Alérgica de Contato quanto a Dermatite de Contato por Irritação Primária. Os equipamentos de proteção individual (luvas de borracha) podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de Dermatite Alérgica de Contato. OBJETIVOS: 1) avaliar a freqüência de Dermatite Alérgica de Contato entre os pedreiros entre Janeiro de 2005 e Dezembro de 2009; 2) determinar os principais agentes sensibilizantes; e 3) comparar os resultados obtidos entre o grupo de pedreiros com um grupo sem pedreiros. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva de testes de contato. Pacientes foram separados em 2 grupos: 1) pedreiros e 2) não pedreiros. RESULTADOS: dentre os 525 testes de contato analisados, 466 (90%) eram de não pedreiros e 53 (10%) de pedreiros. As mãos foram acometidas em 38 (61%). 13 pacientes (24%) tinham Dermatite de Contato por Irritação Primária e 40 (76%) tinham Dermatite Alérgica de Contato. O grupo de pedreiros apresentou alta freqüência de sensibilização ao cimento, e 29 (54,7%) tinham sensibilização a agentes vulcanizadores da borracha. 23 pacientes (43,4%) pedreiros tinham sensibilização tanto ao cimento quanto à borracha. CONCLUSÕES: entre os pedreiros a presença de Dermatite Alérgica de Contato ao cimento e à borracha no mesmo paciente foi comum e demonstrou a importância do teste de contato.

BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis is one of the common work-related dermatoses. Among bricklayers, cement can cause both allergic contact dermatitis and primary contact irritative dermatitis. The personal protective equipment (rubber gloves) may favor the development of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: 1) to evaluate the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers between January 2005 and December 2009; 2) to determine the major sensitizing agents in the study group; and 3) to compare the data obtained from the construction workers to that of a group of patients who were not construction workers. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patch tests. Patients were separated into two groups: 1) bricklayers and 2) non-bricklayers. RESULTS: Of the 525 patch tests analyzed, 466 (90%) were from non-bricklayers and 53 (10%) from bricklayers. The hands were affected in 38 (61%) of them. 13 patients (24%) had irritative contact dermatitis and 40 (76%) had allergic contact dermatitis. The group of construction workers had a high frequency of sensitization to cement, and 29 (54.7%) had sensitization to rubber vulcanizing agents. 23 patients (43.4%) had sensitization to both cement and rubber. CONCLUSIONS: Among the bricklayers the presence of allergic contact dermatitis to rubber and cement in the same patient is common and demonstrates the importance of the patch test.

6247 downloads Citado 2 vezes em SciELO

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