ABSTRACT Most soils are excessively acidic, which decreases the productive efficiency of plants. There are several ways to correct soil acidity to make nutrients available to crops. Wood ash is a residue generated by the combustion of vegetal biomass and is used to correct soil acidity for use as a fertilizer. The application of organomineral wood ash to crops is yet another alternative fertilizer that reduces the doses of wood ash and mineral fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and water use efficiency of chrysanthemum cultivated with organic, mineral, and organomineral fertilizers associated with liming. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in a 5 × 2 factorial randomized block design with five fertilization managements (incubated wood ash, non-incubated wood ash, organomineral, mineral fertilization, and control) and two liming values (0 and 100% of the recommendation), with five replicates. Biomass production was significantly affected by fertilization alone and organomineral application resulted in higher biomass production. Incubated ash was more appropriate because resulted in higher yields.

RESUMO A maioria dos solos tem uma acidez excessiva que diminui a eficiência produtiva das plantas. Existem diversas formas de corrigir a acidez do solo e disponibilizar nutrientes para as culturas. A cinza vegetal é um resíduo gerado pela combustão da biomassa vegetal utilizada na correção da acidez do solo e como fertilizante. O organomineral utilizando como matéria prima a cinza vegetal é uma outra alternativa de fertilizante, reduzindo o volume de cinza vegetal e adubo mineral utilizados no campo. Objetivou-se por esta pesquisa avaliar a produção de biomassa e eficiência no uso da água no cultivo de Crisântemo sob adubação orgânica, mineral e organomineral associada a calagem. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 5 × 2, sendo cinco manejos de adubações (cinza de madeira incubada, cinza de madeira não incubada, organomineral, adubação mineral e controle) e dois níveis de calagem (0 e 100% da recomendação), com cinco repetições. A produção de biomassa foi significativa somente para adubação de forma isolada e o organomineral demonstrou maior produção de biomassa. Cinza incubada é mais adequada, pois resultou em maiores valores de produção.

Progenesis QI (PQI) is a multiplatform bioinformatics tool that facilitates the identification workflow for metabolomics experiments. PQI uses fragmentation data provided by MassBank of North America (MoNA) libraries, among others, for metabolite annotation. However, PQI does not officially support MoNA libraries and other libraries based on structure-data files (.sdf). This paper describes the development and application of a software named MoNA to Progenesis QI Library Converter, allowing PQI and MoNA by correcting the fragmentation data of the library for Progenesis readability. We evaluated several public experimental datasets, including human plasma, plant extracts, cultured cells, bacteria, rat serum, and rat hippocampus. The results showed that it is mandatory to proceed with file conversion of each library to allow PQI to access fragmentation information from .msp (main spectra profile) files. This step is highly recommended to improve the identification level of the metabolites.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da dose e do manejo de aplicação de cinzas de madeira nos atributos de qualidade do solo em uma área de Cerrado cultivada com Urochloa brizantha. O experimento foi realizado em blocos casualizados, no esquema em faixas 5 × 2 e quatro repetições. As doses de cinzas foram de 0, 8, 16, 24 e 32 t ha-1, e o manejo de aplicação considerou cinza de madeira incorporada e não incorporada ao solo. Os valores de P, K e pH do solo aumentaram com o aumento das doses de cinza de madeira. A densidade do solo diminuiu 9,66% com as doses de cinzas de madeira de 24 e 32 t ha-1 incorporadas ao solo. Devido ao aumento do pH do solo, dose de cinzas de madeira maior que 16 t ha-1 diminuiu a atividade enzimática. Uma dose de cinza de madeira de 24 t ha-1 resultou em melhores condições para o solo, melhorando sua qualidade e contribuindo para o equilíbrio e a dinâmica entre os atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo, o que levou à redução da densidade e maior disponibilidade de P no solo.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of wood ash dose and application management on soil quality attributes in a Cerrado area cultivated with Urochloa brizantha. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a 5 × 2 strip-plot scheme and four repetitions. The ash doses were 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 t ha-1, and the application management considered wood ash that is incorporated and not incorporated into the soil. The P, K, and pH values of the soil increased with an increase in the doses of wood ash. The soil bulk density decreased by 9.66% with the wood ash doses of 24 and 32 t ha-1 incorporated into the soil. Owing to an increase in the soil pH, a wood ash dose of greater than 16 t ha-1 decreased the enzymatic activity. A wood ash dose of 24 t ha-1 resulted in better conditions for the soil, improving its quality and contributing to the balance and dynamics between the chemical, physical, and biological attributes of the soil, which led to the reduced density and greater availability of P in the soil.

RESUMO O Brasil não é autossuficiente na produção de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) e a expansão do cultivo para o cerrado mato-grossense, em sistema irrigado, constitui alternativa para aumentar a produção desse cereal. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das tensões de água no solo no crescimento e na produção de cultivares de trigo sob Oxisol de Cerrado. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em um esquema fatorial 3 × 5, com três cultivares de trigo (BRS 254, BRS 394 e BRS 264) e cinco tensões de água no solo (5, 15, 25, 35 e 45 kPa), usando um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O crescimento e produção do trigo mostraram melhor resposta na tensão de 5 kPa. A cultivar BRS 254 apresentou maior redução na produção de espigas e de grãos por espiga com o incremento das tensões de água no solo. Entre as cultivares, a BRS 264 produziu maior número de grãos por espiga nas tensões de 35 e 45 kPa. As cultivares de trigo BRS 254, BRS 394 e BRS 264 possuem alto requerimento de água. Entretanto, a cultivar BRS 264 apresenta maior crescimento e produção em condições de restrição de água no solo, podendo ser cultivada com um sistema de irrigação acionado com menor frequência, com menor gasto de água e energia.

ABSTRACT Brazil is not self-sufficient for the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the expansion of cultivation to the Cerrado in the State of Mato Grosso, in an irrigated system, is an alternative solution to increase wheat production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil water tension on the growth and production of wheat cultivars cultivated in the Cerrado Oxisol. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with three wheat cultivars (BRS 254, BRS 394, and BRS 264) and five water tensions in soil (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 kPa), using a randomized block design with four replications. Wheat growth and production exhibited a better response at a tension of 5 kPa. Cultivar BRS 254 showed the lowest production of spikes and grains per spike with increasing soil water tension. Among the cultivars, BRS 264 produced the highest number of grains per spike at tensions of 35 and 45 kPa. The wheat cultivars BRS 254, BRS 394, and BRS 264 have high water requirements. However, BRS 264 presented greater growth and production under conditions of restricted water in the soil, being able to be cultivated with an irrigation system activated less frequently, with less expenditure of water and energy.

RESUMO A compactação do solo é um problema recorrente na agricultura, levando à redução da produtividade das culturas. Diante disso, a aplicação de resíduo agroindustrial da queima de biomassa vegetal pode melhorar as propriedades químicas e físicas do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento do capim paiaguás sob diferentes densidades do solo e doses de cinzas vegetal. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 5, composto por cinco valores de compactação do solo (1,0, 1,2, 1,4, 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m-3) e cinco doses de cinza vegetal (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 g dm-3), com quatro repetições. Densidades do solo acima de 1,2 Mg m-3 reduzem a massa seca do capim paiaguás. A dose de cinza de madeira de 20,42 g dm-3 apresenta o maior valor de massa seca da parte aérea. O crescimento da raiz é maior na dose de cinza de madeira de 16,52 g dm-3.

ABSTRACT Soil compaction is a recurring problem in agriculture that ultimately leads to a reduction in crop productivity. However, the application of agro-industrial residues from the burning of plant biomass can improve the chemical and physical properties of soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Paiaguás grass under different soil densities and wood ash doses. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, under a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with five soil compaction values (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 Mg m-3) and five doses of wood ash (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 g dm-3), with four replicates. A soil density greater than 1.2 Mg m-3 reduced the dry mass of Paiaguás grass. The wood ash dose of 20.42 g dm-3 led to the highest shoot dry mass. Root growth was highest at a wood ash dose of 16.52 g dm-3.

RESUMO A adição de cinza da madeira no solo é uma alternativa para a disposição deste resíduo. Porém, seus efeitos nas propriedades físico-hídricas do solo ainda são divergentes. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da adição de cinzas vegetal na curva característica da água do solo, água gravitacional, capacidade de campo, água total disponível e condutividade hidráulica saturada em um Oxisol e em um Quartzipsamment. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, correspondendo a dois solos e quatro doses de cinza vegetal, com três repetições. A cinza vegetal utilizada é proveniente de agroindústria, resultante da queima da madeira de eucalipto. As doses de cinza vegetal foram de 0, 16, 32 e 64 g dm-3, em Oxisol (40% argila, textura Argila) e em Quartzipsamment (6% argila e textura Areia). A água gravitacional, a capacidade de campo e a água total disponível ajustaram-se ao modelo quadrático em função das doses de cinza de madeira. A condutividade hidráulica saturada reduziu linearmente com a aumento das doses de cinza vegetal para ambas as classes de solo. A curva característica do solo aumentou significativamente (p ≤ 0,05) apenas na dose de 64 g dm-3 de cinza vegetal. O aumento do total de água disponível foi mais evidente no Oxisol do que no Quartzipsamment, com incremento de 64 e 31%, respectivamente, na dose máxima de 64 g dm-3 de cinza vegetal.

ABSTRACT The addition of wood ash to soil is an alternative to disposing of this residue. However, the effects of wood ash on soil physical-hydric properties remain divergent. In this study, the effects of added wood ash on the soil water characteristic curve, gravitational water, field capacity, total available water, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were evaluated in Oxisol (40% clay and clay texture) and Quartzipsamment (6% clay and sand texture). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, where the factors were two soils and four doses of wood ash, with three replicates. The wood ash came from an agribusiness and was the result of burning eucalyptus wood. The wood ash doses were 0, 16, 32, and 64 g dm-3. The gravitational water, field capacity, and total available water were fitted to a quadratic model as a function of the wood ash dose. The saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased linearly with an increase in wood ash dose for both soil classes. The soil water characteristic curve only increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with a wood ash dose of 64 g dm-3. The increase in total available water was more evident in Oxisol than that in Quartzipsamment, with increments of 64 and 31%, respectively, at a maximum dose of 64 g dm-3 of wood ash.

Abstract Semi-arid environments are dominated by extreme environmental conditions that directly influence seed dispersal and germination, as well as the establishment, development and maintenance of plant cover. This cycle depends directly on the availability of the water resource. However, in semi-arid areas water is limited. Therefore, the species that grow there develop adaptations for their dispersal, such as structures and mobility strategies to ensure their survival. The stages of dispersal until the seeds establishment follow different strategies or mechanisms to pass from one phase to another. This strategy in addition to humidity, water availability and substrates ensure dispersion. The interaction of seed banks and seed structures are a determining factor for species to adapt to arid and semi-arid zones. Additionally, the seminal microstructures play a particular role in each species by providing advantages in the face of inclement weather that they must overcome, as is the case with the prominent thread and the thin integuments of seeds, as well as the singular forms that facilitate not only water absorption but also dispersal towards safe places that accomplish the beginning of the establishment process.

Resumen Los ambientes semiáridos son dominados por condiciones extremas que influyen de manera directa en la dispersión y germinación de semillas, así como el establecimiento, desarrollo y mantenimiento de la cubierta vegetal. Este ciclo depende directamente de la disponibilidad del recurso hídrico. Sin embargo, en las zonas semiáridas el agua es limitada, por lo que las especies que ahí habitan presentan adaptaciones para su dispersión como el desarrollo de estructuras y estrategias de movilidad para asegurar su supervivencia. Las etapas de la dispersión hasta el establecimiento de las semillas se manifiestan mediante distintas estrategias o mecanismos para pasar de una fase a otra. Lo anterior aunado a la humedad, la disponibilidad de agua y los sustratos favorecen la dispersión. La interacción de los bancos de semillas y sus estructuras constituyen un factor decisivo para que las especies se adapten a las zonas áridas y semiáridas. Adicionalmente, las microestructuras seminales juegan un papel particular en cada especie al proporcionar ventajas ante las inclemencias que deben sortear, como sucede con el hilo prominente y los tegumentos delgados de las semillas, así como las formas singulares que facilitan no sólo la absorción de agua, sino la dispersión hacia sitios seguros que hagan posible iniciar el proceso de establecimiento.

Resumen Introducción: El neurofibroma pigmentado (NP) o melanocítico constituye solamente el 1% de los casos y se considera como una variante rara del neurofibroma que contiene células productoras de melanina. Además, la asociación de NP con hipertricosis es muy rara. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 8 años 2 meses de edad con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1), quien presentaba en la cara anterior del muslo izquierdo una placa hiperpigmentada de color café claro, bien delimitada y de consistencia suave, e hipertricosis. La biopsia de piel presentó cambios característicos de neurofibroma; sin embargo, en la porción profunda de la lesión se observaron depósitos de melanina positivos para S100, Melan-A y HMB45, con lo que se estableció el diagnóstico de neurofibroma pigmentado. Conclusiones: Aunque el NP es un subtipo raro del neurofibroma, se considera que es un tumor benigno de evolución crónica de células productoras de melanina. Estas lesiones aparecen en solitario o asociadas con neurofibromatosis. Dado que es un tumor que puede confundirse con otras lesiones cutáneas, es fundamental el análisis de la biopsia para diferenciarlo de otros tumores cutáneos pigmentados, como el schwanoma melanocítico, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, hamartoma neurocrístico o neuronevus. La vigilancia es parte del tratamiento y, en ocasiones, se lleva a cabo la resección quirúrgica.

Abstract Background: Pigmented (or melanocytic) neurofibroma (PN) constitutes only 1% of cases and is considered a rare variant of neurofibroma containing melanin-producing cells. In addition, the association of PN with hypertrichosis is infrequent. Case report: We describe the case of an 8-year-old male with a neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) diagnosis, who presented a light brown hyperpigmented plaque, smooth and well-demarcated, and hypertrichosis on the left thigh. The skin biopsy showed characteristics of neurofibroma; however, in the deep portion of the lesion, melanin deposits positive for S100, Melan-A, and HMB45 were observed, thus establishing the diagnosis of pigmented neurofibroma. Conclusions: Although PN is a rare subtype of neurofibroma, it is considered a chronically progressive benign tumor containing melanin-producing cells. These lesions can appear alone or in association with neurofibromatosis. Since this is a tumor that can be confused with other skin lesions, biopsy analysis is essential to differentiate it from other pigmented skin tumors, such as melanocytic schwannoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, neurocristic hamartoma, or neuronevus. Surveillance is part of the treatment, and surgical resection is sometimes performed.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the inconsistency between clinical diagnosis of death and autopsy findings in adolescents with chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study including a sample of adolescents’ autopsies who died in a pediatric and adolescent tertiary hospital over 18 consecutive years. During this period, there were n = 2912 deaths, and n = 581/2912(20%) occurred in adolescents. Of these, n = 85/581(15%) underwent autopsies and were analyzed. Further results were divided into two groups: Goldman classes I or II (high disagreement between main clinical diagnosis of death and anatomopathological findings, n = 26) and Goldman classes III, IV or V (low or no disagreement between these two parameters, n = 59). Results: Median age at death (13.5 [10‒19] vs. 13 [10‒19] years, p = 0.495) and disease duration (22 [0‒164] vs. 20 [0‒200] months, p = 0.931), and frequencies for males (58% vs. 44%, p = 0.247) were similar between class I/II vs. class III/IV/V. The frequency of pneumonia (73% vs. 48%, p = 0.029), pulmonary abscess (12% vs. 0%, p = 0.026), as well as isolation of yeast (27% vs. 5%, p = 0.008), and virus (15% vs. 2%, p = 0.029) identified in the autopsy, were significantly higher in adolescents with Goldman class I/II compared to those with Goldman class III/IV/V. In contrast, cerebral edema was significantly lower in adolescents of the first group (4% vs. 25%, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of the adolescents with chronic diseases had major discrepancies between clinical diagnosis of death and autopsy findings. Pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, as well as isolation of yeast and virus were more frequently identified at autopsy findings in the groups with major discrepancies.

Abstract Onychomycosis is the most common disease affecting the nail unit and accounts for at least 50% of all nail diseases. In addition, Candida albicans is responsible for approximately 70% of onychomycoses caused by yeasts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers, as well as its predictive mechanism of action on C. albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses. For this purpose, in vitro broth microdilution and molecular docking techniques were applied in a predictive and complementary manner to the mechanisms of action. The main results of this study indicate that C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole and sensitive to the enantiomers (R) and (S)-citronellal at a dose of 256 and 32 µg/mL respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the enantiomers in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol, indicating that these molecules possibly affect the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Molecular docking with key biosynthesis proteins and maintenance of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane demonstrated the possibility of (R) and (S)-citronellal interacting with two important enzymes: 1,3-β-glucan synthase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers are fungicidal on C. albicans from onychomycoses and probably these substances cause damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of these micro-organisms possibly by interacting with enzymes in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures.

Resumo A onicomicose é a doença mais comum que afeta a unidade ungueal e representa pelo menos 50% de todas as doenças ungueais. Além disso, a Candida albicans é responsável por aproximadamente 70% das onicomicoses causadas por leveduras. Nesse estudo, foi investigado o efeito antifúngico dos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal, bem como seu mecanismo de ação preditivo sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses resistentes ao voriconazol. Para este propósito, foram aplicadas técnicas in vitro de microdiluição em caldo e docking molecular de forma preditiva e complementar para os mecanismos de ação. Os principais resultados deste estudo indicam que C. albicans foi resistente ao voriconazol e sensível aos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal na dose de 256 e 32 µg/mL respectivamente. Além disso, houve aumento da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos enantiômeros na presença do sorbitol e do ergosterol, indicando que estas moléculas possivelmente afetem a integridade da parede e da membrana celular de C. albicans. O docking molecular com proteínas chave da biossíntese e manutenção da parede celular e da membrana plasmática fúngica, demonstraram a possibilidade do (R) e (S)-citronelal interagir com duas importantes enzimas: 1,3-β-glucan sintase e lanosterol 14α-demetilase. Portanto, os achados desse estudo indicam que os enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal são fungicidas sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses e provavelmente essas substâncias causem danos a parede e a membrana celular desses microrganismos possivelmente por interagir com as enzimas da biossíntese destas estruturas fúngicas.

Abstract The study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activity and evaluate the protective effects of the date seeds powder kentichi against alloxan-induced damage in the liver, kidney, and pancreas in diabetic’s rats. Group 1: control group, that did not receive any treatment, Group 2: alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (120 mg/kg body weight) for two days (Diab), Group 3: treated only by date seeds powder added in the diet (300 g/kg) for 6 weeks (DSPK), Group 4: alloxan-diabetic rats treated with date seeds powder (300 g/kg) (DSPK + Diab). Estimations of biochemical parameters in blood were determined. TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were determined. A histopathological study was done by immersing pieces of both organs in a fixative solution followed by paraffin hematoxylin-eosin staining. In addition, the antioxidant activities of DSPK were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ABTS free radical scavenging. The results revealed that date seeds significantly decreased serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, T-protein, ALP, D-bili and T-bili levels. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities that had been reduced in liver, kidney, and pancreas of the treated group were restored by DSPK treatments and, therefore, the lipid peroxidation level was reduced in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissue compared to the control group. Additionally, the histological structure in these organs was restored after treatment with date seeds powder.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a atividade antioxidante e avaliar os efeitos protetores das sementes de tâmara em pó kentichi contra danos induzidos por aloxana no fígado, rim e pâncreas em ratos diabéticos. Grupo 1 (Controle): grupo controle, que não recebeu nenhum tratamento, Grupo 2 (Diab): aloxana foi injetada por via intraperitoneal (120 mg/kg de peso corporal) por dois dias, Grupo 3 (DSPK): tratado apenas com pó de sementes de tâmara adicionado na dieta (300 g por kg) por 6 semanas, Grupo 4 (DSPK+Diab): ratos aloxano-diabéticos tratados com pó de sementes de tâmaras (300 g/kg). As estimativas de parâmetros bioquímicos no sangue foram determinadas. As atividades de TBARS, SOD, CAT e GPx foram determinadas. O estudo histopatológico foi feito por meio da imersão de pedaços de ambos os órgãos em solução fixadora seguida de coloração com parafina hematoxilina-eosina. Além disso, as atividades antioxidantes de DSPK foram avaliadas pela atividade de sequestro do radical DPPH, poder redutor e sequestro do radical ABTS. Os resultados revelaram que as sementes de tâmara diminuíram significativamente os níveis séricos de glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, ureia, creatinina, proteína T, ALP, D-bili e T-bili. Além disso, as atividades de superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx) que haviam sido reduzidas no fígado, rim e pâncreas do grupo tratado foram restauradas pelos tratamentos com DSPK e, portanto, o nível de peroxidação lipídica foi reduzido no tecido hepático, renal e pancreático em comparação com o grupo controle. Além disso, a estrutura histológica nesses órgãos foi restaurada após tratamento com pó de sementes de tâmara.

The effect of heat treatment on hydrogen diffusion and trapping on the API 5CT P110 steel was investigated trough electrochemical permeation tests and microstructural analysis techniques. Samples of as-received steel were tempered at different temperatures to obtain hydrogen permeation and trapping parameters and to characterize microstructural modifications that may alter these parameters. After permeation tests on each heat-treatment condition were verified changes on hydrogen kinetic parameters. Microstructural analysis revelated changes in dislocations density and volumetric fraction of titanium carbides, responsible to alterations in diffusivity, solubility and in hydrogen trapping characteristics. As these carbides are considered irreversible hydrogen traps, are beneficial because they become the steels less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the results suggest that there is an optimal tempering temperature which can make the API 5CT P110 steel more resistant against hydrogen embrittlement, since promote the formation of a higher number of irreversible hydrogen traps. CT P P11 techniques asreceived as received heattreatment diffusivity characteristics traps embrittlement Therefore P1

Thermal infrared enthalpimetry (TIE) was used for hypochlorite determination in commercial hypochlorite-based bleaching solutions. Experimental parameters were evaluated for the reaction with a hydrogen peroxide solution. The most relevant conditions were 5% H2O2 (m/m) solution, stirring speed of 250 rpm, dispensing rate of 0.57 mL s-1, and 10 s after reaction for the simultaneous temperature readings of four replicates. Agreement to reference method NBR 9425 ranging from 98.2 to 103.2% was achieved, with a low variation among measurements (relative standard deviation < 3.5%). The number of analytical operations was reduced, and only H2O2 solution was required as a greener reagent. A low amount of residues was generated (2.4 and 152.8 mL for each replicate in TIE and official method, respectively), and the application of the green analytical procedure index (GAPI) showed the greenness of the proposed method.