Abstract The presence of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans has led to the development of a multi-ethnic, admixed population in Chile. This study aimed to contribute to the characterization of the uniparental genetic structure of three Chilean regions. Newborns from seven hospitals in Independencia, Providencia, Santiago, Curicó, Cauquenes, Valdívia, and Puerto Montt communes, belonging to the Chilean regions of Santiago, Maule, and Los Lagos, were studied. The presence of Native American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and two markers present in the non-recombinant region of the Y chromosome, DYS199 and DYS287, indicative of Native American and African ancestry, respectively, was determined. A high Native American matrilineal contribution and a low Native American and African patrilineal contributions were found in all three studied regions. As previously found in Chilean admixed populations, the Native American matrilineal contribution was lower in Santiago than in the other studied regions. However, there was an unexpectedly higher contribution of Native American ancestry in one of the studied communes in Santiago, probably due to the high rate of immigration from other regions of the country. The population genetic sub-structure we detected in Santiago using few uniparental markers requires further confirmation, owing to possible stratification for autosomal and X-chromosome markers.

Lipases from different sources were immobilized in sodium caseinate/glycerol film and used in the esterification reactions of aliphatic acids with alcohols in the presence of organic solvents. Lipases from Pseudomonas sp and Rhizopus oryzae were selected and the influence of several parameters was analyzed, including: lipase loading, organic solvent polarity, reaction temperature, chain length of alcohol and acid and enzyme/support reuse. For comparison, free enzymes were used under similar experimental conditions.

A cultura do milho é de grande importância na agricultura brasileira, com ampla distribuição do norte ao sul do país. O milho pode ser uma fonte significativa de fibra, dependendo da forma como é utilizado na alimentação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores de fibra alimentar insolúvel (FAI), solúvel (FAS) e total (FAT) de produtos derivados do milho. Determinou-se também os teores de umidade, resíduo mineral fixo, extrato etéreo e proteína bruta das amostras analisadas. Trabalhou-se com amostras de canjica, pipoca, farinha fina, farinha média e farinha pré-cozida. O método utilizado na determinação de fibra foi o de Prosky et al. Entre os produtos analisados observou-se que a pipoca apresentou o maior teor de FAT (média de 12,15% ) e a canjica o menor (média de 2,39 %). Em relação às farinhas, a fina e a média apresentaram teores de fibra semelhantes, enquanto as amostras de farinha pré-cozida apresentaram um teor um pouco mais baixo. Em todos os produtos analisados, a FAI correspondeu a mais de 90% da fibra total. Quanto aos demais constituintes avaliados, encontrou-se, neste trabalho, valores de acordo com os já disponíveis na literatura.

Corn crop is of great importance to Brazilian agriculture, ranging from the north to the south of the country. Corn can be an important source of fiber, depending on the way it is used as food. The objective of this work was to evaluate the content of insoluble (IDF), soluble (SDF), and total (TDF) dietary fiber of corn-derived products. The content of moisture, ash, lipids, and crude protein were also determined in the samples. We have worked with "canjica", popcorn, and meal (finely ground, medium ground, and pre-cooked). The PROSKY'S enzymic-gravimetric method was used to determine dietary fiber. Among the products analyzed, we have observed that the popcorn showed the greatest content of TDF (12.15%), and the "canjica" showed the smallest one (2.39%). Thin and medium corn meals exhibited similar fiber contents, while the pre-cooked meal exhibited slightly lower contents. In all products, the IDF corresponded to more than 90% of the total dietary fiber. In relation to the other analyzed constituents, values found were in agreement with literature.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os diferentes fatores de risco (FR) para doença arterial coronária (DAC) em funcionários voluntários do Hospital Universitário, considerando o efeito do estresse psicológico. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 52 voluntários (41 mulheres e 11 homens) que foram submetidos a exame antropométrico, aferição da pressão arterial e exame clínico. Foram realizadas também coletas capilares para verificar os níveis de colesterol total (CT), HDL-colesterol (HDL), triglicérides (TG) e LDL-colesterol (LDL), sendo calculados os índices de massa corporais (IMC) e a relação cintura/quadril (RCQ). Foi também aplicado um questionário de estresse. Os diferentes FR para DAC foram quantificados e avaliados. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos que participaram desta pesquisa 73,1% eram estressados, 32,7% eram hipertensos e 36,5% apresentaram CT > 200mg/dl. As mulheres eram mais estressadas que os homens (p < 0,05) e os homens apresentavam proporcionalmente menor HDL < 40mg/dl do que as mulheres (p < 0,05). Os pacientes estressados apresentaram CT > 200mg/dl (p < 0,05). O risco coronariano para DAC (RDAC) foi baixo para 53,8% dos pacientes, médio para 23,1%, moderado para 21,2% e alto para 2,6%. O risco quadril/cintura (FRCQ) foi alto em 15% dos indivíduos estressados, em 35,5% dos hipertensos e em 10,5% dos com CT > 200mg/dl. O risco massa corporal (FRMC) foi baixo na maioria dos pacientes estressados, hipertensos e com CT > 200mg/dl. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo mostra a importância do estresse psicológico na avaliação dos diferentes fatores de risco para DAC, sendo que esse conhecimento é de grande relevância na intervenção preventiva para essa doença.

OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed to evaluate the different risk factors (RF) of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a university hospital volunteer employees, regarding the correlation with psychological stress. METHODS: Fifty-two volunteers participated in the study (41 females and 11 males), which included anthropometric measurement, clinical examination, and measurement of the arterial blood pressure. Arterial blood was collected from them to quantify the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL). The body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were determined. The participants have also answered a questionnaire regarding stress. The different RF were quantified and evaluated. RESULTS: From the participants, 73.1% were considered stressed, 32.7% were hypertenses, and 36.5% had TC > 200mg dl-1. Females were significantly more stressed than man (p < .05), and proportionally males had more HDL < 40mg dl-1 than females (p < .05). The stressed people also presented TC above 200mg dl-1 (p < .05). The coronary artery disease risk was low for 53.8% of the people, medium for 23.1%, moderate for 21.2%, and high for 2.6%. The waist-to-hip risk was high in 15% of the stressed patients, in 35,5% of hypertenses, and in 10.5% in the ones with TC > 200mg/dl. The body mass risk was considered low for most of the stressed, hypertenses, and the ones with TC > 200mg dl-1. CONCLUSION: This study shows the importance of the psychological stress in the evaluation of different RF for CAD and this knowledge is very important in the preventive intervention for this disease.