ABSTRACT This article is a bibliographic review of investigations on the toxicity exposure of a diversity of non-target organisms due to different concentrations of pesticides used in crops, but that can somehow impact certain individuals and their environment. The article presents a description of the type and grade of evaluated pesticides and their repercussions on the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Likewise, it includes a comparison of the results obtained by some authors in their experiments. It complements this information with a compilation on the impact caused due to the handling of pesticide containers, including the impact of said residues on public health. The analysis concludes that said synthetic pesticide residues, regardless of their composition, are a latent risk for the environment and public health.

RESUMEN El presente artículo corresponde a una revisión bibliográfica sobre las investigaciones realizadas en base a la exposición de toxicidad de una diversidad de organismos no objetivos a diferentes concentraciones de plaguicidas utilizados en los cultivos, pero que pueden impactar de una manera a ciertos individuos y a su medio mismo. En el desarrollo se presenta una descripción del tipo y grado de los plaguicidas evaluados y sus repercusiones al medio acuático y terrestre; asimismo, se ha incluido una comparación de los resultados obtenidos por algunos autores en sus experimentaciones. Complementando dicha información con una recopilación sobre el impacto con respecto al manejo de los envases de los plaguicidas; así como el impacto de dichos residuos en la salud pública. A raíz del análisis realizado se ha llegado a la conclusión de que dichos residuos de plaguicidas sintéticos, sin importar su composición, son un riesgo latente para el medio ambiente y para la salud pública.

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and it is transmitted to humans from various sources, including direct contact with infected animals and the ingestion of contaminated products, including unpasteurized milk. There are only a few epidemiological studies on said disease in humans in Western Santa Catarina, a region instantiated by agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis reported in Western Santa Catarina from 2013 to 2018. The data were provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Board (Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiologica). The frequency of the disease in humans and the epidemiological profile of confirmed human cases were evaluated. Cases that were screened positive and those that were confirmed and submitted to the therapeutic protocol were analyzed. During the study period, 3,671 people were tested, of which 12.34% were screened positive (453/ 3,671) and 3.40% were confirmed (125/3,671). The year with the highest number of people testing positive was 2015 (123 cases), and 2018 was the year with the highest number of confirmed cases (39 cases). Confirmed cases predominated in males (48.8%), self-declared white (22.4%), aged 20-59 years old (60%), with incomplete primary education (22.4%), of rural origin (59.2%), with occupational contact with cattle (64.8%), engaged in professions directly linked to agricultural and livestock activities (55.5%), and who reported consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (59.2%). No seasonal variation was observed in case numbers. The results demonstrated that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Western Santa Catarina.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of patients using bisphosphonates (BP) regarding their risks and benefits. Sixty-five patients using BP were included. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 questions, including sociodemographic and general information on BP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and a binomial test was used to assess patient knowledge about BP, considering a 5% significance level. Fifty-nine (90.2%) patients were unaware or had never heard of BP drugs and only 3 (4.6%) knew their indications. Only 6 patients (9.2%) said they knew about the oral complications caused by BP. Sixty-three patients (96.9%) said they were not referred to the dentist before starting BP treatment. Patients using BP do not have satisfactory knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of BP. Physicians and dentists must be prepared to inform and counsel BP users about their adverse effects and possible risk factors. Our results emphasize the importance of public policies, whether individual or collective, to be taken to increase knowledge about BP to avoid medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Resumo O objetivo desse texto é analisar as consequências da pandemia de covid-19 nas rotinas de trabalho acadêmico das ciências sociais no Brasil. O estudo se baseia em resultados de um survey difundido com o apoio de associações profissionais da antropologia, ciência política, sociologia e das relações internacionais. O artigo apresenta o perfil dos 1.073 participantes e suas percepções sobre os efeitos da crise nas atividades de formação, ensino e pesquisa, bem como na divisão das tarefas do âmbito privado. Embora a maior parte dos respondentes tenha declarado sentir impactos negativos da pandemia, há disparidades por disciplina de atuação, gênero e raça. Os dados reforçam a importância da discussão de parâmetros de avaliação de produtividade sensíveis às desigualdades.

Abstract The purpose of this text is to analyze the consequences of the covid-19 pandemic in the academic work routines of Social Sciences in Brazil. The study is based on the results of a survey disseminated with the support of professional associations in Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology and International Relations. The article presents the profile of the 1,073 participants and their perceptions about the effects of the crisis on training, teaching and research activities, as well as on the division of tasks in the private sphere. Although most respondents said they felt negative impacts of the pandemic, there are disparities by discipline, gender and race. The data reinforce the importance of discussing productivity evaluation parameters sensitive to inequalities.

Resumen Introducción: Estudio experimental donde se procuró comparar el efecto del sistema manual y del rotatorio sobre la conformación de conductos curvos. Metodología: Una muestra de 40 raíces mesiales de primeras molares inferiores fue aleatorizada en dos grupos iguales: grupos sistema manual de limas K y sistema rotatorio FGK Race®. Se comparó el radio de la curvatura final vs. el inicial mediante el programa Autocat 2015. Se empleó la prueba t con significancia de 0,05. Resultados: El radio de la curvatura varió de manera significativa, tanto para sistema manual como para el rotatorio FGK Race® (p=0,0001 y p=0,0013, respectivamente). Además, el sistema manual produjo mayor variación en el radio de la curvatura al compararlo con el sistema rotatorio 2,23 mm vs. 1,27 mm respectivamente; p=0,13. Conclusiones: Ambos sistemas produjeron modificación en la conformación de los conductos mesiales; sin embargo, en la comparación entre ambos dichas diferencias no fueron significativas.

Abstract Introduction: An experimental study was carried out to compare the effect of the manual system and the rotary system on the conformation of curved conduits. Methodology: A sample of 40 mesial roots of lower first molars was randomized into two equal groups: group manual system of K-files and group rotary system FGK Race®. The radius of the final curvature vs. the initial curvature was compared using the Autocat 2015 program. The t-test with a significance of 0.05 was used. Results: The curvature radius varied significantly for both the manual system and the rotary FGK Race® (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In addition, the manual system produced greater variation in the radius of the curvature when compared to the rotary system 2.23mm vs. 1.27mm respectively; p = 0.13. Conclusion: Both systems produced modification on the conformation of the conduits of the mesial roots; however, in the comparison between both systems said differences were not significant.

ABSTRACT Objective to detect suspected common mental disorders (CMDs) in nursing residents, and identify related predictive factors. Method this cross-sectional study examined a sample of 130 residents at a Rio de Janeiro city university hospital who answered the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and sociodemographic questions, in 2018. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the research ethics committee. Results the results revealed suspected CMDs in 52% of the sample, which was mainly young, single and female. Of the frequent predictors, 87.53% said they felt nervous, tense and worried, 60.7% felt tired all the time, and 57.7% slept poorly. Conclusion the level of suspected CMDs in the sample was well above those found in studies of professionals of the health and related fields, and the predictors revealed psychological distress and risk of evolution to severe psychiatric conditions.

RESUMEN Objetivo verificar la sospecha de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) en residentes de enfermería y analizar los factores predictores. Método estudio transversal con una muestra de 130 residentes de un hospital universitario, situado en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, que contestaron al Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) y cuestiones sociodemográficas, en 2018. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados la muestra estaba compuesta, en su mayoría, por jóvenes, solteros y del sexo femenino, siendo que del 52% se sospechaba trastornos mentales comunes. En cuanto a los factores predictores más frecuentes, un 87,53% afirmó sentirse nervioso, tenso y preocupado, el 60,7% sentirse cansado todo el tiempo y el 57,7% dormir mal. Conclusión la sospecha de TMC en la muestra está muy por encima de los estudios realizados junto a profesionales de la salud y áreas relacionadas cuyos predictores evidencian sufrimiento psicológico y riesgo de evolución hacia cuadros psiquiátricos severos.

RESUMO Objetivos verificar a suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em residentes de enfermagem e analisar os fatores preditores. Método estudo transversal com uma amostra de 130 residentes de um hospital universitário, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro, que responderam ao Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e questões sociodemográficas, em 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Estudo aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados a amostra foi composta, em sua maioria, por jovens, solteiros e do sexo feminino, cuja suspeição de transtornos mentais comuns atingiu 52%. Dos fatores preditores mais frequentes, 87,53% afirmaram sentirem-se nervosos, tensos e preocupados, 60,7%, cansados o tempo todo e 57,7% dormem mal. Conclusão a suspeição de TMC na amostra encontra-se bem acima de estudos realizados com profissionais da saúde e áreas afins, cujos fatores preditores evidenciam sofrimento psíquico e risco de evolução para quadros psiquiátricos severos.

RESUMO Objetivos No país caribenho de Santa Lúcia, o exame de sangue de cordão umbilical para detecção da doença falciforme (DF) era o método de triagem preferido pelos profissionais da saúde atuantes em maternidades, até a introdução do “teste do pezinho” (TP) no país em 2014. Este estudo sobre DF buscou avaliar o conhecimento e atitudes de profissionais da saúde em relação à triagem pelo TP e também determinar a favorabilidade das novas mães em direção à triagem de TP. Métodos Setenta profissionais da saúde e 132 novas mães responderam a questionários de pesquisa em três hospitais. Além disso, foram realizadas quatro discussões com grupos focais: dois de profissionais da saúde e dois de mães. Resultados Entre os profissionais da saúde entrevistados, 85,7% tinham conhecimento acerca do TP. Porém, somente 25,7% haviam comparecido às sessões de capacitação sobre o procedimento. Entre os profissionais da saúde, 64,3% opinaram que o TP deveria ser obrigatório, 27,1% disseram que não deveria ser obrigatório e 8,6% não sabiam se deveria ser obrigatório. Em seus grupos focais, os profissionais da saúde disseram acreditar que as mães aceitariam o método do TP. Por sua vez, 22,0% das mães disseram ter ouvido falar sobre o TP, e 63,6% relataram saber o motivo pelo qual o exame seria realizado; ademais, 83,3% indicaram que o exame seria benéfico para o bebê. Além disso, 88,6% das mães disseram que precisavam de maiores informações sobre o TP. Em seus grupos focais, as mães disseram que, em geral, não estavam preocupadas com dor que o teste do pezinho poderia causar ao bebê. Conclusões Os profissionais da saúde apresentaram alto nível de conhecimento acerca do método de triagem pelo TP. As mães confiam nos profissionais da saúde, e aceitariam o procedimento de TP independentemente de seu conhecimento acerca do teste e de qualquer desconforto associado a este método de triagem.

ABSTRACT Objectives In the Caribbean country of Saint Lucia, umbilical-cord-blood screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) was the testing method that health care workers (HCWs) on the maternity wards of the hospitals preferred until the new heel prick (HP) testing method was introduced in the country in 2014. This SCD study sought to assess HCWs’ knowledge of and attitude toward HP screening and also determine new mothers’ favorability toward HP screening. Methods A total of 70 HCWs and 132 new mothers answered survey questionnaires in three hospitals. In addition, four focus group discussions were held, two with HCWs and two with the mothers. Results Among the HCWs interviewed, 85.7% of them had knowledge of the HP test. However, only 25.7% had attended training sessions on the procedure. Among the HCWs, 64.3% of them felt the HP test should be mandatory, 27.1% said it should not be mandatory, and 8.6% did not know if it should be mandatory. In their focus groups, the HCWs said they believed the mothers would accept the HP method. For their part, 22.0% of the mothers said they had heard about the HP test, and 63.6% reported knowing the reason why the baby would be tested. Further, 83.3% indicated that the test would be beneficial for the baby. In addition, 88.6% of the mothers said that more information on the HP test was needed. In their focus group discussions, the mothers said they were generally not concerned about the pain the heel prick method might cause the baby. Conclusions The HCWs’ knowledge of the HP screening method was high. The mothers trust HCWs, and the mothers would accept the HP procedure irrespective of their knowledge of the test and any discomfort associated with this screening method.

RESUMEN Objetivo En el país caribeño de Santa Lucía, el hemocribado del cordón umbilical para la detección de la anemia de células falciformes o drepanocitosis era el método de tamizaje preferido por el personal de salud en las salas de maternidad de los hospitales hasta que se introdujo la nueva prueba del talón en el 2014. Este estudio sobre la anemia de células falciformes tuvo por objetivo evaluar el conocimiento y las actitudes del personal de salud hacia la prueba del talón, así como determinar si las madres tenían una actitud favorable hacia este método de tamizaje. Método Un total de 70 trabajadores de salud y 132 madres participaron en los cuestionarios realizados en tres hospitales. Además, se celebraron cuatro grupos de debate: dos con el personal de salud y dos con las madres. Resultados Del personal de salud entrevistado, 85,7% tenía conocimientos acerca de la prueba del talón. Sin embargo, únicamente 25,7% había asistido a sesiones de capacitación sobre el procedimiento. Además, 64,3% del personal de salud opinaba que la prueba debía ser obligatoria, 27,1% afirmaba que no debía ser obligatoria y 8,6% manifestó que no lo sabía. En los grupos de debate, el personal de salud manifestó su creencia de que las madres aceptarían este método de tamizaje. Por su parte, 22,0% de las madres afirmaron conocer la prueba del talón y 63,6% manifestó conocer los motivos por los que se sometería al bebé a dicha prueba. Asimismo, 83,3% de las madres señaló que la prueba sería beneficiosa para el bebé. Además, 88,6% de las madres indicó que era necesaria más información sobre la prueba del talón. En sus grupos de debate, las madres expresaron que, por lo general, no les preocupaba el dolor que pudiese suponer para el bebé la prueba del pinchazo en el talón. Conclusiones El personal de salud tiene un nivel alto de conocimiento acerca de la prueba del talón. Las madres confían en el personal de salud, y aceptarían este procedimiento independientemente de sus conocimientos sobre la prueba y cualquier malestar asociado a este método de tamizaje.

Abstract The effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the dynamic responses of seismically isolated three-span continuous reinforced concrete (RC) bridge is investigated. Also, tuned mass damper(s) (TMD/s) is/are installed to control undesirable bearing displacement, even under the SSI effect. The TMDs are placed at the mid-span of the bridge and each tuned with a modal frequency, while controlling up to first few modes as desirable. The soil surrounding the foundation of pier is modeled by frequency independent coefficients. Dynamic analysis is carried out in time domain using direct integration method. In order to specify the effects of the SSI, the responses of the non-isolated, isolated, and controlled isolated bridge are compared. It is observed that the soil surrounding the pier has significant effects on the bearing displacement of the isolated RC bridges. In addition, it is observed that the seismic responses of isolated RC bridge reduced significantly with installation of the TMDs.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to establish and analyze the factors of competency, attitude, and school environment associated with use of information and communication technologies (iCTs) among teachers in Brazil. It takes as a reference point the data gathered by the Brazilian team behind the project "Factors associated with the level of use of ICTs as a teaching and learning tool in state education institutions in Colombia and Brazil. The case of Barranquilla and Florianopolis", which provided the results presented here. 576 surveys were applied, with a 95percent confidence level and a margin of error of ± 4, to public elementary school teachers in Florianopolis, Brazil. The principal results indicate a low level of use of ICTs in teaching and learning processes among teachers assessed.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer y analizar los factores de competencia, actitudinales y del ambiente escolar asociados al aprovechamiento de las tecnologías de información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en los docentes de Brasil. Toma como referente los datos recabados por el equipo brasileño del proyecto "Factores asociados al nivel de uso de las TIC como herramienta de enseñanza y aprendizaje en las instituciones educativas oficiales de Colombia y Brasil. Caso Barranquilla y Florianópolis", que dio origen a los resultados aquí expuestos, a partir de la aplicación de 576 encuestas, con el 95 por ciento de confianza y un margen de error de ± 4, aplicadas a docentes de educación básica pública radicados en Florianópolis, Brasil. Los principales resultados permiten apreciar un bajo nivel de aprovechamiento de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los docentes analizados.

Apresentamos resultado de pesquisa realizada entre 2007 e 2011 sobre as "Características das orientações da UNESCO para proteção do direito à infância nas políticas do Estado brasileiro a partir de 1990". O objeto de análise são as orientações da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) para proteção ao direito à infância no objetivo de identificar as contradições nas políticas de garantia do direito à infância. No período de 1980 a 2011, o alcance da UNESCO encontra-se implícito na apropriação dos Estados Nacionais no discurso da paz mundial, justificativa de fortalecimento do terceiro setor e, na ação de governo, no reconhecimento legal das orientações e julgamentos internacionais dos tratados ratificados pelo Brasil. Abordarmos as contradições políticas com o conceito de "trabalho decente", nas políticas de erradicação do trabalho precoce pós Decreto Federal nº 3.597, de 12 de setembro de 2000, por constituir políticas voltadas à infância no meio rural.

We present the results of a research conducted between 2007/2011 on the "characteristics of the UNESCO guidelines for protection of the right to childhood in the Brazilian state policies since 1990". The objects of analysis are UNESCO's guidelines to protect the right to childhood in order to identify the contradictions in said policies to guarantee the right to childhood. From 1980 to 2011, the reach of UNESCO is implicit in the appropriation of the National States in the world peace discourse, the justification for strengthening the third sector and, in government action, the legal recognition of judgments and guidelines of international treaties ratified by Brazil. We approach the political contradictions based on the concept of "decent work", in the early-labor eradication policies after Fed Dec. No.3597 of September 12, 2000, for its policies to provide children in rural areas.

Objetivo: Identificar como centros de hematologia brasileiros trataram e diagnosticaram os casos de leucemia mieloide aguda no ano de 2009. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, observacional, multicêntrico de 11 centros brasileiros cadastrados para tratamento de leucemia mieloide aguda e transplante de medula óssea. Os dados foram coletados a partir de prontuários de pacientes com leucemia mieloide aguda tratados nos centros citados entre os anos de 2005 e 2009. Foi avaliada a disponibilidade para realização de exames de imunofenotipagem e citogenética nos centros estudados. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 345 casos novos de leucemia mieloide aguda no ano de 2009. Observaram-se diferenças na realização de exames entre pacientes que iniciaram o tratamento no centro em relação àqueles referenciados para tratamento. Dos centros participantes, 72% realizaram algum tipo de pesquisa molecular em leucemia mieloide aguda ao diagnóstico. Conclusão: O tratamento da leucemia mieloide aguda no Brasil apresenta resultados muito inferiores quando comparado a outros centros mundiais.

Objective: To identify how the Brazilian hematology centers treated and diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia in 2009. Methods: An epidemiological observational multicenter study of 11 listed Brazilian centers that treat acute myeloid leukemia and perform bone marrow transplantation. Data were collected from clinical charts of patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated at the said centers between 2005 and 2009. The availability for immunophenotyping and cytogenetic tests was assessed. Results: During 2009, a total of 345 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia were diagnosed. Differences were noted in the tests performed between patients who initiated treatment at the center and those referred for treatment. Of the participating centers, 72% conducted some type of molecular study in acute myeloid leukemia upon diagnosis. Conclusion: Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia in Brazil shows significantly inferior results when compared to other centers worldwide.

O gráfico T² de Hotelling e o gráfico |S| da variância generalizada são utilizados para monitorar o vetor de médias e a matriz de covariâncias de processos multivariados. Neste artigo, propõe-se o uso de um único gráfico de controle para o monitoramento de processos bivariados, isto é, o gráfico de controle MCMAX cujo valor da estatística de monitoramento corresponde ao maior valor em módulo de quatro medidas amostrais das duas características de qualidade sob monitoramento, isto é, as suas médias e variâncias padronizadas. O usuário de gráficos de controle já está bem familiarizado com médias e variâncias amostrais; o mesmo não pode ser dito a respeito da estatística de Hotelling ou da variância generalizada. Conseqüentemente, ele preferirá usar o gráfico de controle proposto ao invés dos gráficos conjuntos de T² e |S|. Além disso, o usuário, em geral, se sente mais seguro em intervir no processo somente após a ocorrência de um segundo ponto na região de ação do gráfico. Se o sinal for dado por dois pontos, não necessariamente vizinhos, porém próximos e na região de ação, o gráfico proposto terá um desempenho geral superior ao dos gráficos conjuntos de T² e |S| na detecção de desajustes do processo, exceto quando a correlação entre as duas características de qualidade for muito alta. Quando a correlação é muito alta e a causa especial desloca a média e/ou aumenta a variância de apenas uma das variáveis, X ou Y, os gráficos de T² e |S| são, em geral, mais ágeis do que gráfico MCMAX.

The control chart and the generalized variance |S| chart are used for monitoring the mean vector and the covariance matrix of multivariate processes. In this article, we propose the use of a single chart for monitoring bivariate processes, that is, the MCMAX control chart based on a new statistic, which corresponds to the maximum among four sample values: the standardized sample means (in module) and the standardized sample variances (weighted). The sample means and sample variances are well known by the users; the same cannot be said for the Hotelling's statistic or the generalized variance. Consequently, they will prefer to use the proposed chart instead of the joint and |S| charts. In general, the user prefers to wait until the occurrence of a second point beyond the control limit (not far from the first one) before interfering in the process. With this new rule, the proposed chart is faster in signaling out-of-control conditions, except when the correlation between the two quality characteristics is too high. In this case, the joint and |S| charts are faster is signaling assignable causes that only affect one of the two quality characteristics, changing its mean and/or increasing its variance.

OBJETIVO: Determinar as condições visuais e oculares em indivíduos com mais de 99 anos. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo e descritivo de série casos. Trinta idosos com mais de 99 anos se inscreveram no Instituto da Visão da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, de forma voluntária, respondendo à busca ativa. O exame oftalmológico constou de anamnese, ectoscopia, acuidade visual, exame refracional, citologia e cultura de cílios e conjuntiva com antibiograma, teste de Schirmer basal, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, coloração com Rosa Bengala da conjuntiva e córnea, exame de biomicroscopia, tonometria de aplanação e fundoscopia direta e indireta. Foram realizados exames complementares, como retinografia e tomografia de coerência óptica, quando indicados. RESULTADOS: Trinta pacientes acima de 99 anos (média de 101,5±1,8 anos), dos quais, 25 mulheres e 5 homens, foram examinados; destes, 10 não tinham condições de exame completo, em razão de limitações de saúde e mobilidade. A doença sistêmica mais encontrada foi hipertensão arterial (8 pacientes = 40%). Cinco pacientes (25%) negaram qualquer doença ou uso de medicação. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida para longe foi de 20/100 ou melhor em 11 pacientes (55%) e para perto variou de J4 ou melhor também em 11 pacientes (55%), sendo que sete destes idosos (63%) não haviam sido submetidos à cirurgia de catarata. A principal queixa foi dificuldade para leitura em 55% e 40% demonstrou estar satisfeito com a sua visão. A melhora da acuidade com prescrição de óculos novos ocorreu em 4 casos (20%). Catarata foi identificada como comprometendo a visão de forma significativa em 5 casos (25%); porém, apenas 2 concordaram com a cirurgia. A principal causa de baixa visão foi a degeneração macular relacionada à idade, presente em todos os casos; na maioria da vezes (95%), na forma seca. CONCLUSÃO: As necessidades da população nessa faixa etária devem ser entendidas para o desenvolvimento de política específica de saúde ocular. Esse estudo demonstrou idosos com maioria do sexo feminino (83,3%), boa saúde geral (35%), hipertensos (40%), com dificuldade para leitura (55%) e com baixa visual em decorrência de degeneração macular relacionada à idade.

PURPOSE: To determine vision conditions and ocular findings in patients older than 99 years. METHODS: Patients were recruited by media advertisement and examined at the Vision Institute of UNIFESP. The following examinations were performed: visual acuity, ectoscopy, refraction, biomicroscopy, tear film break-up time, Schirmer basal test, tonometry, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Complementary examinations such as optical coherence tomography were performed when indicated. RESULTS: Thirty patients older than 99 years were identified. Mean age of 101.5±1.8, 25 females and 5 males. Most common systemic disease, according to history, was arterial hypertension. In 11 patients (55%), the best corrected far visual acuity was 20/100 or better. The best corrected near visual acuity was J4 or better also in 55% (11 patients) and 63.0% (7 patients) of these were the ones that had not been submitted to cataract surgery. The most frequent visual complaint was low vision for reading (55%) and other 8 patients (40%) reported no disturbance (satisfied with their vision). Lens opacity was present in 9 patients (60%) and 8 patients (40%) had previous cataract surgery (5 aphakic eyes, 9 pseudophakic eyes). Cataract was identified as important for impairment of vision in 5 patients but only 2 of them wanted to be submitted to surgery. The main cause of visual impairment was age-related macular degeneration, present in all patients, 95% with no exudative form. Vision improved with new refractive prescription in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Once we understand the needs we can plan specific diagnostic and treatment strategies. This sample showed that most were female (83.3%), with good general health (35%), most with systemic arterial hypertension (40%), complaining of low vision for reading (55%) because of age-related macular degeneration (100%, 95% dry form). Only 40% had been previously submitted to cataract surgery. Most of the patients with cataract said to be satisfied with their vision; of the 5 patients that could be operated only 2 decided to do it. Low vision for reading, AMD and cataract were the main findings.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the mechanism of stock removal and the ground surface quality of advanced ceramics machined by a surface grinding process using diamond grinding wheels. The analysis of the grinding performance was done regarding the cutting surface wear behavior of the grinding wheel for ceramic workpieces. The ground surface was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As a result it can be said that the mechanism of material removal in the grinding of ceramic is largely one of brittle fracture. The increase of the h max can reduce the tangential force required by the process. Although, it results in an increase in the surface damage, reducing the mechanical properties of the ground component.