RESUMO O coriocarcinoma é um tumor altamente maligno raro. Relatamos um caso de mulher de 35 anos, com história de irregularidade menstrual de quatro meses e gonadotrofina coriônica humana persistentemente positiva que apresentava ultrassonografia transvaginal normal e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax com três nódulos e a abdominal evidenciava um nodular sólido hipervascularizado lesão no rim esquerdo. Uma biópsia guiada por ultrassom do rim esquerdo foi realizada com diagnóstico patológico de coriocarcinoma renal. Após a quimioterapia, a gonadotrofina coriônica humana foi negativa e a paciente retornou aos ciclos menstruais normais.

ABSTRACT Choriocarcinoma is a rare highly malignant tumor. We report a case of 35-year-old woman, with a history of four months menstrual irregularity and human chorionic gonadotropin persistently positive that presented transvaginal ultrasound normal and the computed tomography scan of the chest showed three nodules and abdominal scan evinced a hypervascularized solid nodular lesion on left kidney. An ultrasound-guided biopsy of left kidney was performed with a pathologic diagnosis of renal choriocarcinoma. After chemotherapy the human chorionic gonadotropin was negative and the patient returned to normal menstrual cicles.

Resumen Introducción. Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía se han diseñado como una innovación en salud tras demostrarse que la mejora en los dispositivos médicos y la depuración de técnicas alcanzaron la meseta en disminución de complicaciones. Con estas estrategias de la medicina perioperatoria, en cirugía colorrectal se reducen la morbilidad y estancia hospitalaria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si la tasa de adherencia al programa de recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía (ERAS) está asociada con los resultados quirúrgicos. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico, observacional, retrospectivo de cohorte (2015-2019), en cinco hospitales latinoamericanos certificados por la sociedad ERAS. Se calculó la incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas durante el posquirúrgico inmediato (30 días) y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizaron análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariada para evaluar los factores asociados con la tasa de complicaciones. Resultados. Fueron incluidos en el estudio 648 pacientes en cinco hospitales ERAS, con edad promedio de 61 años y mayor porcentaje de hombres (51 %). El cumplimiento global al protocolo ERAS fue de 75 % y la estancia promedio de 6,2 días (mediana: 4 días). Se tuvo un cumplimiento óptimo del protocolo ERAS (igual o mayor al 80 %) en 23,6 % de los pacientes. Se documentó fuga de la anastomosis en 4 %, complicaciones infecciosas en 8,4 %, íleo en 5,7 %, reingreso en 10,2 % y mortalidad de 1,1 %. El análisis multivariado mostró que los niveles de adherencia óptima al protocolo ERAS reducen significativamente la aparición de complicaciones como fuga de la anastomosis (OR 0,08; IC95% 0,01-0,48; p=0,005) y complicaciones infecciosas (OR 0,17; IC95% 0,03-0,76; p=0,046). Discusión. Los resultados sugieren que un cumplimiento del programa ERAS mayor al 80 % se asocia a menor frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes con cirugía electiva colorrectal.

Abstract Introduction. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been designed as an innovation in health after demonstrating that the improvement in medical devices and the refinement of techniques reached the plateau in reducing complications. With these strategies of perioperative medicine, in colorectal surgery morbidity and hospital stay are reduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the rate of adherence to the ERAS protocol is associated with surgical outcomes. Methods. Multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study (2015-2019), in five Latin American hospitals certified by the ERAS Society. The incidence of surgical complications during the immediate postoperative period (30 days) and length of hospital stay were calculated. Bivariate analyzes and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with complication rates. Results. 648 patients were included in the study in five ERAS hospitals, with an average age of 61 years and a higher percentage of men (51%). Overall compliance with the ERAS protocol was 75% and the average stay was 6.2 days (median: 4 days). There was optimal compliance with the ERAS protocol (equal to or greater than 80%) in 23.6% of the patients. Anastomotic leak was documented in 4%, infectious complications in 8.4%, ileus in 5.7%, readmission in 10.2%, and mortality in 1.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that optimal adherence levels to the ERAS protocol significantly reduce the appearance of complications such as anastomotic leakage (OR 0.08; 95%CI 0.01-0.48; p=0.005) and infectious complications (OR 0.17; 95%CI 0.03-0.76; p=0.046). Discussion. The results suggest that compliance with the ERAS program greater than 80% is associated with a lower frequency of complications in patients with elective colorectal surgery.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, with high death rates. The aim here was to analyze case outcomes, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and spatial distribution among patients diagnosed with hepatitis C in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul (RS), Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on 200 cases of hepatitis C in Santa Cruz do Sul that were notified between 2002 and 2015. METHODS: Secondary data including sociodemographic and clinical variables and type of outcome (death, follow-up, abandonment or clinical cure) were gathered. The spatial distribution analysis on hepatitis C virus cases according to outcome was based on information regarding residential address. RESULTS: 58.5% of the patients were 41 years of age and over, 67% were males and 92.5% had the chronic form of the disease. The most frequent transmission route was illicit drug injection (29%); 15.1% of the patients presented coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Regarding outcomes, 31% achieved clinical cure, 10% died and 20% abandoned follow-up. The cases studied were mainly located in regions of the city characterized by lower socioeconomic status, with high frequency of places used for drug trafficking. CONCLUSION: The population consisted of adults aged 41 years and over, mostly with chronic hepatitis C. The most common transmission routes were illicit drug injection and blood transfusions. There were high rates of HIV coinfection and abandonment of disease monitoring and predominance of cases in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status.

Neste trabalho procurou-se descrever detalhadamente o procedimento de preparo de um arranjo de eletrodos com geometria em forma de microdiscos (20,2 < r e < 25,7 mim) e estudar o comportamento eletroquímico desse conjunto de microeletrodos. Foram aplicadas diferentes equações descritas na literatura para a condição de estado estacionário e quase-estacionário e equações para a simulação de voltamogramas em regime estacionário. Para baixas velocidades, v <= 0,1 mV s-1, observou-se uma excelente sobreposição dos voltamogramas cíclicos experimental e simulado, entretanto, velocidades desta ordem de grandeza são pouco práticas do ponto de vista experimental. Observou-se, também para todos os microeletrodos estudados, uma transição da condição de corrente estacionária para quase-estacionária, com o aumento dos valores de v. Equações que permitem avaliar a contribuição das correntes radial e difusional, para a corrente total, ajustam-se perfeitamente as curvas I/E em todo o intervalo de raios dos eletrodos e valores de v empregados. Os voltamogramas obtidos para o arranjo de eletrodos operando na condição de curto circuito apresentou um fator de amplificação de 19 vezes, referente ao sinal obtido a partir de um único microeletrodo. Tal fator confirma a condição de ausência de sobreposição das camadas de difusão dos eletrodos e, portanto, reflete a contribuição individual de cada eletrodo para a corrente total.

In this work we are able to describe in detail the procedure to prepare an array of microelectrodes with flat disc geometry (20,2 < r e < 25,7 mum) and to study the electrochemistry behaviour of the set of microelectrodes. Different equations described in the literature for the steady state and near steady state condition and equations for voltammograms simulation in stationary regime were applied. For v= 0,1 mVs-1, it was observed an excellent overlap between experimental and simulated I / E profiles, however, v of this magnitude are no practice from na experimental point of view. For all of microelectrodes studied, it was observed a transition from the steady state to a near-steady state condition, when the scan rate was increased. The mathematical equations used to evaluate the ciclic voltammograms considering the contribution of the linear and radial diffusion to the total current fitted very well the I / E profiles. These equations also allowed a simultaneous evaluation of all electrodes of the array regarding microelectrodes individual behaviour. These results agree with voltammograms obtained for the array operating in externally short circuited condition.

Foram analisados 545 pacientes submetidos a 560 plásticas da valva mitral no período de março de 1980 a dezembro de 1997. A idade variou de 3 meses a 86 anos com média de idade de 42,2 ± 21,4 anos. Duzentos e setenta e quatro (50,3%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A etiologia foi reumática em 234 (42,9%) pacientes. As técnicas utilizadas foram: ressecção quadrangular da cúspide posterior em 204 (36,5%) pacientes, anuloplastia com tira posterior de pericárdio bovino em 139 (24,5%) pacientes, anel de Carpentier em 102 (18,2%) pacientes, anuloplastia posterior segmentar em 37 (6,6%) pacientes e outras técnicas utilizadas em menor freqüência. Técnicas associadas foram empregadas em 199 (35,6%) pacientes, sendo a mais freqüente o encurtamento de cordas em 72 (12,8%). Operações associadas foram realizadas em 267 (47,8%) pacientes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 3,7% (21 pacientes). As taxas linearizadas dos eventos no pós-operatório foram 2,9% pacientes/ano para reoperação, 0,6% pacientes/ano para tromboembolismo, 0,3% pacientes/ano para endocardite e 0,1% pacientes/ano para hemólise. A sobrevida actuarial foi de 76,8 ± 10,8 em 17 anos e sobrevida livre de endocardite, tromboembolismo, reoperação e hemólise no mesmo período foi respectivamente 98,9 ± 0,6%, 93,9 ± 3,7%, 61,0 ± 7,9% e 99,7 ± 0,2%. Podemos concluir que os pacientes submetidos à plástica da valva mitral apresentaram evolução satisfatória.

From March 1980 to December 1997, 545 patients underwent 560 mitral valve repairs at the Heart Institute of HCFMUSP. Ages ranged from 3 months to 86 years with mean age of 42.2 and standard deviation of 21.4 years. Two hundred and seventy four (50.3%) were male. Ethiology was rheumatic disease in 234 (42.9%) patients. The techniques used were: quadrangular resection of posterior leaflet in 204 (36.5%) patients, annuloplasty with posterior sling in 139 (24.5%), Carpentier ring annuloplasty in 102 (18.2%), segmentary posterior annuloplasty in 37 (6.6%) and others. Associated procedures were performed in 267 (35.6%) patients with the most frequent tricuspid valve repair in 95 (17%) patients. Immediate mortality was 3.7% (21 patients). The linearizated rates of reoperation, thromboembolism, endocarditis and hemolysis, were respectively 2.9%, 0.6%, 0.3% and 0.1% patient/ year. The actuarial survival rate at 17 years was 76.8 ± 10.8% and the actuarial freedom from endocarditis, thromboembolism, reoperation and hemolisis at 17 years was 98.9 ± 0.6%, 93.9 ± 3.7%, 61.0 ± 7.9% and 99.7 ± 0.2%, respectively. We conclude that patients submitted to mitral valve repair presented satisfactory evolution.