Objective. To determine vitamin A content in breast milk and evaluate whether it satisfies the recommendations for infants. Material and methods. Observational, prospective, cross sectional study. Milk samples were obtained between 30 and 90 days postpartum from mothers seen in public hospitals, and analyzed. Vitamin A concentration was determined by chromatography and its adequacy to the recommended dietary intake. The correlation between outcome measures was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results. A total of 79 mothers participated. Vitamin A concentration in milk samples was 1.80 umol/L (1.36-2.30) and the mean breastfeeding time was 57 days. No significant correlation between breastfeeding days and vitamin A content was observed. In 50% of the samples, vitamin A content did not satisfy the recommendations for infants. Conclusion. Vitamin A content was not enough to satisfy the recommendations in half of the cases.

Objetivo. Determinar el contenido de vitamina A en la leche materna y evaluar si cubre las recomendaciones para lactantes. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo, de corte transversal. Se analizaron muestras de leche de madres asistidas en el hospital público, obtenidas entre los 30 y los 90 días posparto. Se determinó la concentración de vitamina A por cromatografía y su adecuación a la ingesta dietética recomendada. Se utilizó el coeficiente de Spearman para estudiar la correlación entre variables. Resultados. Participaron 79 madres. La concentración de vitamina A en las leches fue 1,80 µmol/L (1,36-2,30); el tiempo medio de lactancia, de 57 días. No se encontró correlación significativa entre días de lactancia y contenido de vitamina A. El contenido en 50% de las muestras no cubrió las recomendaciones de vitamina A para los lactantes. Conclusión. El contenido de vitamina A fue insuficiente para cubrir las recomendaciones en la mitad de los casos.

Resumo Objetivos: o aumento de sobrepeso e obesidade em mulheres jovens e adultos é uma preocupação cada vez maior, e a reprodução tem sido associado com o aumento de peso persistente. Descrever alguns fatores de comportamento materno, relacionados com lactância materna, dieta, atividade física, horas de sonho e alterações clínico-metabólicas associadas com retenção e / ou ganancia de peso postparto. Métodos: livros de informação e artigos publicados na literatura nacional e internacional nas seguintes bases de dados foram coletados: LILACS - MEDLINE / PubMed, e SciELO; LILACS - Sociedade Brasileira de Ciências Biomédicas. Resultados: a revisão da literatura sugere que a lactância ou o exercício por solos não tem filhos suficientes para retornar ao peso pregestacional, quando nenhum filho acompanhado por restrições na ingesta calórica. A redução de horas de sonho afecta os comportamentos alimentares eo padrão de atividade gerando um menor gasto calórico, além de alterar o metabolismo glucémico. A obesidade materna produto de exceção ganancia de peso na gestação, o retenção e / ou ganancia de peso no pós-parto, aumenta o risco de síndrome metabólico. Conclusões: as intervenções durante o pós-parto são de suma importância para a saúde metabólica materna e podem ser chave para atenuar o risco transgeneracional de obesidade materno / infantil.

Abstract Objectives: to describe some factors of maternal behavior such as breastfeeding, diet, physical activity, sleep and clinical-metabolic disorders associated with retention and/or weight gain during postpartum. Methods: specific articles on the subject were searched in LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases. Results: the literature review suggests that breastfeeding or physical activity alone are not enough to return to the pre-pregnancy weight, if they are not combined with restrictions of energy intake. Reduced sleep affects both eating habits and activity patterns resulting in lower energy expenditure, in addition to altering the glycemic metabolism. Conclusions: maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. Interventions during postpartum are critical for maternal health and could be the key in reducing the risk of transgenerational maternal/childhood obesity.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to describe the nutritional status and eating patterns of children aged 1-3 years from low-income families who reside in areas with different productive activities: primary production and production of goods and services. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with a qualitative and quantitative methodology, evaluating anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status, food intake, economic and demographic characteristics, dietary practices and representations. The results show that children from areas of primary production had a lower prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency. They also had a higher consumption of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin A and protein and a greater diversity and quality in food consumption. We can conclude that the geographical context of families closer to sources of primary production favors interaction with individuals outside of the family, expanding both the informal social network and access to better quality nutritional food.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es describir el estado nutricional y los patrones de alimentación de niños de 1 a 3 años de familias de bajos recursos, que residen en dos áreas con diferentes actividades productivas: producción primaria y de bienes y servicios. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con metodología cuali-cuantitativa; se evaluó el estado nutricional antropométrico y bioquímico, ingesta alimentaria, características económicas y sociodemográficas, prácticas alimentarias y representaciones. Los resultados muestran que los niños del área de producción primaria presentaron menor prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro. Asimismo tuvieron un consumo superior de energía, calcio, zinc, vitamina A y proteínas y una mayor diversidad y calidad en el consumo de alimentos. Podemos concluir que el contexto geográfico de las familias que residen cerca de fuentes de producción primaria favorecería la interacción con individuos ajenos a la familia, ampliando la red social informal y el acceso a alimentos de mejor calidad nutricional.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to describe the nutritional status and eating patterns of children aged 1-3 years from low-income families who reside in areas with different productive activities: primary production and production of goods and services. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with a qualitative and quantitative methodology, evaluating anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status, food intake, economic and demographic characteristics, dietary practices and representations. The results show that children from areas of primary production had a lower prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency. They also had a higher consumption of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin A and protein and a greater diversity and quality in food consumption. We can conclude that the geographical context of families closer to sources of primary production favors interaction with individuals outside of the family, expanding both the informal social network and access to better quality nutritional food.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es describir el estado nutricional y los patrones de alimentación de niños de 1 a 3 años de familias de bajos recursos, que residen en dos áreas con diferentes actividades productivas: producción primaria y de bienes y servicios. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con metodología cuali-cuantitativa; se evaluó el estado nutricional antropométrico y bioquímico, ingesta alimentaria, características económicas y sociodemográficas, prácticas alimentarias y representaciones. Los resultados muestran que los niños del área de producción primaria presentaron menor prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro. Asimismo tuvieron un consumo superior de energía, calcio, zinc, vitamina A y proteínas y una mayor diversidad y calidad en el consumo de alimentos. Podemos concluir que el contexto geográfico de las familias que residen cerca de fuentes de producción primaria favorecería la interacción con individuos ajenos a la familia, ampliando la red social informal y el acceso a alimentos de mejor calidad nutricional.